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Em uma zona cristalográfica podem ocorrer símbolos de faces, cujos índices de Miller, colocados em determinada ordem, formam aquilo que, em algebra, se conhece sob a designação de "série harmônica". Este trabalho mostra como tal possibilidade pode ser pesquisada.

The solubility of several phosphatic fertilizers, namely, ''Hiperfsfato", Florida rock phosphate, Olinda rock phosphate, Alvorada rock phosphate, Araxá apatite, and fused magnesium phosphate (Termofosfato) was studied by using varying proportion of 2 per cent citric acid: 1:100, 1:200, 1:300, 1:400, 1:500, 1:750 and 1:1000. The fused phosphate showed the highest solubility for all conditions of extraction. Hiperfosfato followed closely fused phosphate beginning at the 1:400 ratio of extractions. Alvorada rock phosphate and Araxa apatite showed the lowest degree of solubility among all the products studied, giving almost identical results. Both Florida and Olinda rock phosphate, showed an intermediate rate of solubility. Starting from the ratio 1:100 fused phosphate shows an almost total solubility; the same is true for Hiperfosfato from the ratio 1:400 and up; total solubility of Florida and Olinda rock phosphates were achieved only at the high ratio of 1:1000; solubility of Alvorada rock phosphate and Araxa apatite was much lower. It is worth mentioning, however, that Alvorada rock phosphate at narrow rations up to 1:300 showed a higher degree of solubility than Olinda and Florida rock phosphates.

This paper discusses the use of the arithmetic mean of diameters in the computation of basal area in forestry. This use, proposed in the Serviço Florestal of the Secretary of Agriculture of the State of São Paulo, leads to several difficulties, to be shown presently. Let be the diameter of a tree, with i = 1 referring to trees to be cut, and i = 2 to trees to be left uncut. If Nd is the number of trees to be cut, Nr the nummber of trees to be left uncut, and Np = Nd + Nr is the total number of trees, then the basal area of the total population (Ap) is Ap = (&#960;/4) &#931;/i,j D²ij , and the basal area of trees to be cut and to be left uncut are, respectively, Ad = (&#960;/4) &#931;/j D²lj , Ar = (&#960;/4) &#931;/j D²2j , The similar estimates A'p; A'd, A'r, computed with the aritmetic means of diameters, are: A'p = (&#960;/4) D²../Np , A'p = (&#960;/4) D²1./Nd , A'p = (&#960;/4) D²2/Nr , It is shown that A'p A'd - A'r = - (&#960;/4) [ sum of square of contrast cut thees v. uncut trees ] so that, since the contrast in question may be taken as alwys non-zero, we have A'p < A'd + A'r , which is certainly absurd from the point of view of the theory of measure. But indeed, in some cases we may even have A'p < A'r , which is really an absurd. On the other hand it is proved that Ap = A'p + .(&#960;/4) [ sum of square of deviations of diameters in population ] so that the difference A'p, Ap - increases with the heterogeneity of diameteres of the trees.

This paper deals with the results of a 2 x 2 x 2 N P K experiment designed to study the effect of fertilizers on yield and a chemical composition of coffee leaves; the effect of organic matter supplied as stable manure was ascertained by using the split plot technique. Yield data refer to the six harvests obtained from 1958 to 1963 only chemical data obtained in 1962 are discussed. Both N and K raised significantly the yields, their positive interaction being also significant; no affect of P was observed; organic matter did increase total yield; its effect cannot be atributed to additional supply of N, P or K. Yields are diminishing in a significant rend; several suggestions are discussed in an stempt to explain this finding. The doses of N and K which have been applied proved to be suficient to maintain an adequate level of said elements in the leaves.

O método da diluição isotópica foi empregado com êxito para estudar a influência de doses crescentes de calcário na disponibilidade do fósforo do solo de cerrado. Os valores A foram determinados usando-se uma técnica simplificada; as amostras de solos de cerrado usadas no trabalho haviam sido submetidas prèviamente ao tratamento com diferentes dosagens de calcário em condições de campo. Tais amostras foram colhidas nas localidades de Orlandia, Pirassununga e Matão, todas elas no Estado de São Paulo. As seguintes conclusões puderam ser tiradas: (1) os três tipos de solos de cerrado apresentaram teores diferentes de fósforo assimilável; (2) nos casos das amostras de Pirassununga e Matão a calagem aumetou a disponibilidade do fósforo de modo linear; em Orlandia, entretanto, a dose mais alta de calcário diminuiu significativamente o teor de fósforo disponível.

This paper gives some preliminary results from determinations of the effect of N, P and K fertilization on the chemical composition of soil and coffee berries, as well in the quality of the beverage there of. The main findings are as follows: a) The use of P arid K caused an increase in the level of the respective element in the soil; no similar effect of N fertilisation was ascertained. b) N content in the bean tuas raised by that of K; P increased N content in the pulp. The application of P failed to raise its level in the fruit; the use of N, however decreased P % in the pulp. The use of KCl increased the level of K in the fruit. c) Fruits collected in treatments where P was omitted gave significantly lower quality beverage. A positive correlation was found between P content in the soil and quality of the beverage; the meaning - if any - of such correlation cannot be evaluated at present.

The present work reports a study of the chelatometric method (by EDTA titration) for determining calcium and magnesium in plant materials. A preliminary study about the influence of severals íons (Fe³ +, PO4³ -, Al³ +, SO4² - and Mn2+) was performed. The presence of sulfate and aluminum did not cause interference in the method. Manganese (200 micrograms) interferes by causing the color of the indicator to fade. Iron interferes only up 1 mg in the determination of calcium and up to 500 micrograms in the determination of calcium plus magnesium. Phosphate interferes, giving lower results, because the end point comes to soon. The elimination of phosphate interference was necessary. This ion can be removed by precipitation as ferric phosphate adding ferric iron, acetate and ammonium hidroxide. In order to compare the chelatometric (based in the proposed technique) and permanganometric (for calcium) and colorimetric (for magnesium) methods, five replications of differentes plants materials were analysed by the methods. The data obtained allowed to conclude that technique proposed is good and the accuracy is satisfactory.

This paper deals with the statistical analysis of data referring to raw coffee processed by cooperatives in the State of São Paulo, Brasil. Six cooperatives were studied, with a total 289 batches of coffee for all of them. For each batch the weighted average of defects was determined, before and after processing. The square roots of the data thus obtained were submitted to the technique of analysis of variance. Significant improvement in coffee type was proved in all cases, with only one exeption. The exception ocurred for the "Cooperativa da Média Sorocabana", where observed improvement was not statistically significant, this being probably due to tre following reasons: a) data of only 7 batches were available; b) the cooperative is new, and had not yet all the equipment needed. Excellent results were obtained, for example, in the "Cooperativa dos Cafeicultores da Alta Morgiana", were a difference significant at the 1% level of probability was observed, with the following means of square roots of defects and standard errors of the mean: Average number of defects before processing = 7.81 ±0.21. Average number of defects after processing = 3.53 ± 0.21. This mans that the average number of defects was lowered from aproximately 61, before processing, to 12, after processing.

This paper deals with the study of the sugar cane borer, its relation with infestation and its damage in the cana crop and in the sugar factory. Diatraea saccharalis Fabr.. 1794 Crambidae, Lepidoptera) was the only species found. The following varieties of sugar cane were studied: Co 419, CB 41-76 and CB 40-69, in the regions of Piracicaba, Araras, Santa Bárbara d'Oeste and Araraquara, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The work was carried out taking, at random, stalks of the mentioned varieties; these stalks were divided into three pieces: basal, middle and apical. The total number of joints of each stalks and after sectioning the stalks longitudinally, the number of infested joints, were counted, to determine the intensity of infestation. To check the borer damage in the cana and in the sugar factory borer-free cane and infested cane was collected, weighted and its content of sucrose per cent cane determined. The average infestation intensity of those locations was 15,8% for variety Co 419, distributed as follows: 6,1% in the basal, 6.7% in the middle and 3,0% in the apical piece; 21,5% for variety CB 41-76, respectively, 6,9, 9,7 and 4,9% for the same pieces; and 28,8% for variety CB 40-69, respectively, 8,4, 13,8 and 6,6%. The ground average is 22,2%. The average loss in the sugar cane weight was 4,4, 3,2 and 6,7% respectively, for the varieties Co 419, CB 41-76 and CB 40-69. The ground average is 4,8%. The average loss in sucrose per cent cane for the varieties Co 419, CB 41-76 and CB 40-69 is, respectively, 1,6, 4,1 and 6,7%. The ground average is 4,1%. This damage represents a loss of 106.075 tons of sugar cane and 133.166 sugar bags (of 60 kg each) in the 5 factories sudied, in the 1960/61 harvest. Both data are in relation with the average infestation intensity of 22,2%.

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Nesta nota são apresentados os resultados de um ensaio de enraizamento de estacas de cacaueiro, Theobroma leiocarpa, Bern., realizado na Fazenda Theodureto de Camargo, em Campinas. As estacas foram plantadas num estufim tipo Trinidad, que foi coberto com pano umidecido durante todo o experimento. Os hormônios testados foram: ácido indolbutírico e ácido naphtaleno acético. Os resultados obtidos mostraram um efeito significativo dos tratamentos. O melhor foi do ácido indolbutírico.

This paper deals with macroscopic and microscopic observation and with measurement of xilem elements (fiber and vessel members) of wood stem of Scleronema micranthum Ducke (Bombacaceae Family) from Amazonia region. As this wood does not show any grows rings, the wood was separated in radial direction in five zone for maceration of theses elements. The first zone correspond the sapwood and the other four zone the heartwood. From macroscopic and microscopic examination the author verified that this wood has uniform structure. By statistical analysis of variance the following conclusions was take: first, there is no significative variation between datas in the diferents zones. But one only exception was verified with the width of vessel members which increace its width from medium zone to inside and outside zones of the wood; second, the longest fiber has highest thickness wall (signification 1 %o third, the fibers length has 4,5 increase relatede with the vessel elements length. This point out this elements had a intrusive groing, and so no related with cambial activity.

Fifty-two cities and their counties in the Eastern part of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, were, visited between July, 1964 and December, 1965, in order to study "saúvas" (parasol ants). This paper presents notes on "saúvas" that region: Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908. A. bisphaerica Forel, 1908, and A. laevigata (F. Smith, 1858).

In this paper, some notes on the termites Cornitermes bequaerti Emerson, 1952 and Syntermes silvestrii Holmgren, 1911, that are found in Vale do Paraíba, State of São Paulo, Brazil, are presented.

A finalidade do trabalho, foi obter dados para o melhor conhecimento dos fatôres físicos do solo, que influenciam a incidência de murcha do algodoeiro, causada por Fusarium oxysporum f. vasinfectum (Atk.) Snyder & Hansen. Foi estudada a influência do tamanho das partículas de areia e porcentagem da mesma no solo. O primeiro ensaio mostrou que, a porcentagem de areia tinha um efeito sôbre a incidência de murcha na variedade IAC - 12. A maior incidência de murcha, foi notada nos tratamentos que possuiam maior porcentagem de areia. No segundo ensaio, foi notado o efeito do tamanho das partículas de areia sôbre a incidência de murcha na variedade IAC - 12. A incidência foi mais intensa nos substratos com Areias Fina e Média. O terceiro ensaio mostrou que a resistência da variedade RM4, ao Fusarium, aparentemente não foi afetada pela porcentagem de areia ou pelo tamanho das partículas.

The present work has the objective of studying the application of the theorem of Cauchy about the product of two determinants to the square matrices of order 3 representing crystallographical zones.

The paper deals with the ocurrence of domatias in hibrids of Vitaceae family. The author found domatia in 53 of 111 hibrids studied. The domatia are always in the axils of the first and second ribs, and occasionally also in ribs of others orders. The domatia found were of the types: "en touffe de poils", and "en pochette", types according to the Chevalier Classification (1941). Many of the domatia have mites in its interior.

Soil moisture determinations are of considerable importance to estimate the need for irrigation and to determine the amount of water to apply. There is a constant demand for a method to determine soil moisture content for irrigation purposes that is at one time reliable, rapid and inexpensive. The multiple-weighing method presented in this work was developed independently from the method proposed years ago by PAPADAKIS. It offers a few advantages over the method of PAPADAKIS which are discussed in detail. A comparison was made between the multiple-weighing method and the usual oven-drying method, for the determination of soil moisture of different soils. The data was statistically analysed. No significant difference was found between methods. A correlation coefficient of 0,99 was found between the two methods for each of the three soils.

O presente trabalho apresenta os dados obtidos sôbre a determinação do potássio em fertilizantes simples (cloreto e sulfato de potássio) e em misturas, pelo método volumétrico baseado no uso de tetrafenilborato de sódio. Cinco amostras de cada adubo simples (cloreto e sulfato de potássio) e cinco amostras de cada mistura (três misturas, contendo 6,31, 12,62 e 18,93 % de K2O, respectivamente) foram pesadas e analisadas separadamente, a fim de se avaliar as características do método. Apreciando-se a simplicidade e a rapidez do método, assim como a precisão e a exatidão dos dados obtidos, pode -se afirmar que o método em questão apresenta as citadas características num nível desejável e satisfatório.

This paper reports the\ study of the total phosphorus determination in fertilizers by volumetric (phosphomolybdate) and by the differential spectrophotometric (Beckman, model B) method using the molybdovanadate reagent. This paper also presents the data obtained of the soluble phosphorus in 2% citric acid determined in fertilisers by the volumetric method and by the differential spectrophotometry and colorimetric (Klett-Summerson) methods. Ih was possible to conclude that the differential spectrophotometry and colorimetric methods presented a good precision and are faster than the volumetric method.