RCAAP Repository

Young plants were grown in complete and deficient solutions and inoculated or not with on active culture in the lower part of the stem. The treatments were: complete; complete + fungi; -N; -N + fungi; -P; -P + fungi; -K; -K + fungi; -Ca; -Ca + fungi; -Mg; -Mg + fungi. When the symptoms appeared the leaves were harvested and analised for N, P, K, Ca and Mg. The results are given in Table 1, 2 and 3. The main results way be summarized as follow: a) For the complete treatment the diseased plants presented lower quantities of N in the leaves than healthy ones. b) Wilting disease increased the total quantities of phosphorus in the leaves independently of nutrition status of the plants. c) Nitrogen distribution in the plants was affected by Fusarium only in nitrogen defficient plants. d) The phosphorus distributions in healthy the plants of the complete treatment was also affected by the disease.

Some of the characteristics peculiar to Litosois are discussed based on data published on Litosois occurring in the States of São Paulo and Paraná. Litosois are the first stages of development of a soil. Litosois probably originate through the exposure of the rockbed caused by an excessive relief. Rock weathering processes are intensive, prevailing those of chemical nature rather than those processes in which physical phenomena dominate. The A horizon has a high organic matter content (2% to 10%). Silt and clay amount to approximately 50% of the fine earth in the A horizon, with the exception of Litosois originated from sandstone and granite. The SiO2/Al2O3 relationship of the soil's colloidal complex and the clay's cation exchange capacity indicate that it is quite probable the presence of 2:1 type clay in Litosois derived from basic rocks.

A study is made on several aspects of the spectrophotometric method for the determination of copper by sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC-Na). From this work could be observed that: a) The ideal amount of reagent a 1% of (DDC-Na) aqueous solution, was 1 ml and it was observed that the reagent keeps well until 40 days after its preparation. b) The absorbancy of the copper diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC-Na) solutions, to a certain limit is independent of the amounts of EDTA Na2. But, in the absence of EDTA-Na2 the amounts of copper added where not recovered, when working with pure solutions. c) Among the solvents used, carbon tetrachloride was considered the most appropriate. d) DDC-Cu in CCl4 shows maximum absorption in the wave lenght range 430-435 milimicrons. The greatest sensibility was obtained with filters numbers 42 and 44 (Klett-Summerson). e) Interferences of the ions studied were eliminate, by the use of EDTA-Na2 only. f) In this procedure, the DDC-Cu is stable until 45 minutes. g) The method obeys Beer's law in the range of 5-50 ppm, and shows good accuracy. h) The recommended procedures for the determinations of total copper both in plants and soils by the DDC-Na, are considered efficients.

No summary/description provided

No summary/description provided

The amino acids content of stems of cotton plants inoculated in the cotiledonary stage was greater for the susceptible variety IAC-12 than for the resistant variety and line respectivelly IAC-RM4 and Acala 3109. For the non inoculated plants of the same age the amino acids content of the stems of the susceptible variety was also greater than the one observed for the resistant plants. The amino acids content of stems of cotton plants inoculated in the stage of three to four true leaves was much greater for the susceptible variety than for the resistant plants. However in the case of non inoculated plants of the same age the amino acids content of the susceptible variety was slighthly lower than the one observed for resistant plants.

This paper deals with one genus and three species of dorylaimid nematodes found inhabiting soil in Brazil, as follows: Eudorylaimus ibiti Lordello, 1965. Closely resembling E. ibiti are E. humilis (Thorne & Swanger, 1936) Andrássy, 1959, E. diadematus (Cobb, 1936) Andrássy, 1959, and E. santosi (Meyl, 1957) Andrássy, 1959. it differs from E. humilis in the following aspects: a) longer and thicker body (1,126.0-1,520.8: 1,000 microns; a=21.0-26.0 : a= 31); b) less prominent lips; and, c) tail terminus decidedly acute; differs from E. diadematus in having: a) less prominent lips; b) posterior region of body ventrally concave; and, c) a different organization in the walls of the pre-rectum; differs from E. santosi in having: a) longer body (1,126.0-1,520.8 : 900-1,000 microns); b) spear with undiscernible aperture; c) a different organization in the guiding-ring of spear; and, d) caudal papillae closer together and located in front of the middle of the tail. Mesodorylaymus pizai Lordello, 1965. M. pizai most closely resembling species is M. mesonyctius (Kreis, 1930) Andrássy, 1959, from which it differs in having: a) lip region amalgamated, continuous with neck contour (lateral view); b) males with 11-12 supplements; and, c) females with longitudinal vulva. Metaporcelaimus Lordello, 1965. This genus differs from Aporcelaimus Thorne & Swanger, 1936, in having oesophagus made up of three regions, a cardia like structure being seen between the posterior and middle parts. Type species: M.mombucae Lordello, 1965.

In this paper 30 species belonging to 11 families were studied in the search for domatia. In six species of four families they have been found. They were of two types, "en touffe de poils" and "en pochette", after the classification of CHEVALIER & CHESNAIS (1941). The examinated material was herborized, and were colected in the pastures of Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz". The leaves were examinated in both sides and in the junction of the blade with the petiole. The ocurrance or not of domatia, the type, localization, size, form, etc, was studied.

Continuando as observações nas folhas de plantas de nossa riquíssima flora à procura de domácias, examinamos as folhas de cerca de 129 exemplares pertencentes a 49 famílias. Destas especies apenas 14 dentre 8 familias revelaram essas interessantes estruturas. As domácias foram registradas nas fôlhas de plantas de pequeno e grande porte, assim como trepadeiras. As folhas herborizadas, foram examinadas em ambas as faces, na axila das nervuras e também na sua junção com o pecíolo. Relacionamos, por ordem alfabética, as famílias cujas espécies apresentaram domácias, assim como os nomes das plantas, o tipo e localização da domácia na folha, etc., usando sempre a classificação de domácias proposta por CHEVALIER & CHESNAIS (1941). Os tipos de domácias encontrados distribuem-se entre as famílias da seguinte maneira: a) Domacias em "tufo de pêlos" - encontradas em plantas das seguintes famílias: Bignoniaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Leguminosae, Moraceae, Solanaceae, Proteaceae e Oleaceae. b) Domacias em "bolsas" - registradas na família Solanaceae.

Neste trabalho, o terceiro de uma série sobre o assunto, divulgamos os estudos feitos em 57 novas variedades híbridas IAC, pertencentes à família Vitaceae. Deste total, 24 apresentaram domácias as quais se enquadram nos tipos: "em tufo de pêlos" e variações, e em "bolsas", segundo a classificação de CHEVALIER & CHESNAIS (1941). O material estudado constou de folhas não herborizadas, vindas do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas - Secção de Viticultura. As fôlhas, ainda frescas, foram examinadas em ambas as faces, superior e inferior, na junção do pecíolo, anotando-se a presença das domácias e suas particularidades tais como: aspecto, localização, tamanho, forma, etc. Pudemos observar uma pequena variação nas domácias do tipo em "tufo de pêlos", que ora aparecem como "pêlos esparsos", ora como aglomerado de pêlos e ainda como "tufo de pêlos" propriamente dito. As domácias encontradas nos 24 híbridos, estão assim distribuidas: a) domácias em "tufo de pêlos" e suas variações: 18 b) domácias "em bolsas": 6 Quanto à côr, os pêlos podem ser claros ou escuros, lisos ou crespos.

No summary/description provided

The urease method for urea determination in fertilizers is studied. The procedure consists in the transformation of the urea in ammonis, which is neutralized by an excess of sulfuric acid. The excess of sulfuric acid is titrated and the concentration of urea calculated. The fessibility of the method in the determination of urea in four different mixtures of fertilizers (containing nitric nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, superphosphate and different amounts of urea) was tested. The proposed method showed to have good precision and accuracy besides beeing faster than others commonly used methods.

No summary/description provided

The purpose of this work was to study mineralogically the clay fraction of the Piracicaba series (RANZANI et al. 9). These soils belong to the Great Soil Group Red-Yellow Podzolic, Piracicaba variety. Four profiles were collected within the areas where Piracicaba series occur; these were labeled profiles P1 through P4. The soil horizons were sampled individually in each profile from the surface down to the rock bed. The clay fraction was subdevided by centrifugation in coarse and fine clay with 0,2 micron as their limit of separation. The identification of clay minerals in the two fractions and a semiquantitative analysis was done by interpretation of the results obtained from chemical analysis (% of K2O and cation exchange capacity) and X-ray analysis (difratogram using a Geiger counter and films using the powder method). The mineralogical analysis of the solo clay fractions, relative to the nature and quantity of clay minerals, indicate the following: the content of illite in the coarse clay fraction is always higher than 10% and in certain horizons shows a content of 30% or even 40%. The montmorilonite and the 14 A minerals normally occur with values lower than 10%, Kaolinite is the mineral that occur in greater quantity in the two clay fractions with a content always higher than 40%.

A spectrophotometric method, based on the color with chromotropic acid is described for the determination of nitrates in soils extracts. The absorption spectra of the chromotropic acid, that of the nitrate-chromotropic acid compound, elimination of chloride ion interference, the influence of several factors like temperature, the time for the development of the color, etc, were studied.

O presente trabalho teve por finalidade o estudo minera lógico, da fração argila, da série Ibitiruna (RANZANI et al. 9), pertencente a unidade de mapeamento Podzólico Vermelho Amarelo - variação Laras (COMISSÃO DE SOLOS 1). Foram coletados três perfis de solos, pertencente a série Ibitiruna, designados por perfis P1, P2 e P3. As amostras dos horizontes foram colhidas a partir da superfície do solo até a rocha. A fração argila foi separada por sedimentação, sendo posteriormente, dividida em duas subfrações (centrifugação): 2 a 0,2 mícron e menor que 0,2 mícron, argila grossa e fina respectivamente. O material obtido nestas duas frações, sofreu determinações químicas (capacidade de troca de cátions) e determinações de raio-X (obtenção de difratogramas, com o auxílio do contador Geiger, e filmes, pelo método do pó). Através dêstes resultados, foi efetuado o reconhecimento dos minerais de argila assim como estimativa semiquantitativa. A análise mineralógica das frações argila grossa e fina, referentes à natureza e à quantidade dos minerais de argila indica o seguinte: a caolinita é o mineral dominante nas duas frações argila, com teores sempre acima de 40%; a montmorilonita e os minerais do grupo de 14 Anormalmente ocorrem com valôres inferiores a 10%.

The phosphorus of eight soil samples, representing a very rich latosolic soil group of the state of São Paulo and Parana (Brazil), was fractioned into water soluble phosphorus; aluminum phosphate, through two extractions with 50 ml of 0.5 N ammonium fluorid solution pH = 8,5; iron phosphate, through two extractions with 50 ml of sodium hydroxide 0.1 N; and occluded phosphorus. Organic and total phosphorus were also determined in all the samples. The data showed that 35,0 to 265.7 ppm of phosphorus are bounded to aluminum (Al-P); 74.2 to 144.9 ppm of P are bounded to iron (Fe-P); 45.3 to 162.5 ppm of P are in the form of calcium phosphate and 470.8 to 850.8 are occluded phosphate. Organic phosphorus varied from 347.2 to 511.0 ppm of P and total phosphorus from 741.0 to 1493.0 ppm of P.

Young coffee trees were grown in nutrient solution at different pH values, from pH 4,0 to pH 7,5 at 0,5 pH units of interval. After 140 days the plants were harvested and the main conclusions are the following: 1. The best range of pH for high, number of leaves fresh and dry weight of the plants were: pH 4,0 to pH 6,0. 2. There were a decrease in dry weight percentage of the leaves eith increase of the pH solution. 3. With the increase of the pH there was a decrease in macronutrients content in the plants. 4. At higher levels of pH there was a percentual decrease in N, P, Ca and S in the leaves. At pH 4,0 did not effect K content, bu there was a slight decrease in Mg content. 5. There was a linear relation between pH and the K+Ca+Mg/N+P+S ratio.

The method for the colorimetric determination of exchangeable calcium in soils, based on the reaction with glyoxal is proposed. The interference of some ions which are normaly found in soil extracts, (magnesium, copper, manganese, aluminum, iron and sulfate) as well as its elimination with KCN and trietanolamine, were studied. The new method was compared with the one using EDTA titration, the results showing the same precision for both.

Eggplants (Solarium melongena L.var. Hibrida F Piracicaba nº 100) were grown in pots containing 1 kg of pure quartz. Twice a day they were irrigated by percolation with nutrient solution. The treatments were: complete solution, -N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg and -S. The plants showed deficiencies symptoms in the following order: N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S. The deficiencies were comproved by chemical analysis of the different parts of the plant. The percentages of macronutrients, in dry matter are expressed on the Tables 2 and 3 in Portuguese text. The following amounts of element in mg/plant were absorved: N = 2,307.5 P = 213.7 K = 2,799.9 Ca = 1,543.0 Mg = 50.9 S = 144.0