RCAAP Repository

Estudam-se as equações que representam o conjunto de elipsóides de mesmo ângulo 2V entre suas secções cíclicas. Um processo teórico de determinação dos índices de refração principais é estabelecido e aplicado à indicatriz ótica de forsterita.

This research work was carried out, utilizing the castor bean cultivars 'IAC-38' and 'Campinas', in order to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and interaction of the levels of these three nutrients on yield. For this purpose, two experiments were conducted in 1968/69 and 1969/70, in a yellow dark latossol, sandy phase, located in São Manuel, State of São Paulo. These experiments were a 3 x 3 x 3 factorial design. The following levels were used: 30, 60 and 120 kg/ha of nitrogen; 40, 80 and 160 kg/ha of P2O5 and 20, 40 and 80 kg/ha of K2O. Nitrogen and potassium did not increase yield when applied alone, but phosphorus showed positive effects when applied with potassium or alone. Eighty kg/ha of P2O5 yielded 22,56% and 111,51% more beans than 40 kg/ha for cultivars IAC-38 and «Campinas», respectively. On the presence of 40 and 80 kg/ha of K2O, the yields with P2 and P3 were higher than that with P1. The results show also that phosphorus increased bean density.

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de um estudo dos efeitos residuais de fertilizantes fosfatados realizado com auxílio de fósforo radioativo, do método de Neubauer e do método do A. niger. Conclui-se, de um modo geral, que, dos adubos estudados, o menos solúvel, isto é, a Fosforita de Olinda é o que apresenta maior ação residual. O superfosfato e o Fertifos, um fosfato precipitado, praticamente não diferiram entre si. Os resultados obtidos em laboratório estão de acordo com aqueles conseguidos sob condição de campo.

No presente trabalho os autores estudam um solo representativo da Província Mendez, Cantão Sella, da região sul da Bolivia. São analisadas as informações disponíveis sobre o clima, geologia, relevo e uso agrícola dessa terra. Foram obtidos resultados morfológlcos e analíticos do solo e com base nestas informações foi elaborada a classificação do solo ao nível de família. O solo apresentou epipedon ócrico, horizonte argílico, carbonatos antigênicos caracterizando um horizonte cálcico e um horizonte petrocálcico subjacente. A classe de tamanho das partículas, a natureza mineralógica e a classe de temperatura, permitiram classificar o solo como: Ordem: Aridisol Subordem: Argid Grande grupo: Paleargid Sub grupo: Petrocalcic Ustalfic Paleargid Família: fine-loamy, mixed, thermic.

This paper deals with the variation of fiber dimentions in growth rings taken at the breast height (B.H.) and at three aditional level of trunk height (10%, 20% and 30% of total height) of two plants of Eucalyptus saligna Smith. Statistical analyses of variance for fiber length, fiber diameter and fiber thikness in diferent growth rings at B.H., 10%, 20% and 30% of trunk height is prsented. Analysis of variance allowed the following conclusion: 1° - Significant diferences were observed for fiber dimentions mean, taken at B.H. and those taken at the levels of 10%, 20% and 30% of trink height; 2° - In any growth rings along the trunk, the fiber length means increased consistently from B.H. to the levels of 10%, 20% and 30% of trink height, however the means for fiber diameter and thikness of the wall decreace from the B.H. point to the leves of 10%, 20% and 30% of trink height; 3° - The results obtained in the present study confirm those obtained by BISSET & DASDWELL (1949) in that the maximum fiber lenght is reached at aproxmately one third of the total height of the trink and also confirm the afirmation made by RUDMAN et al (1969) that the samples taken at the B.H. level are inadequate for qualitative wood studies, specially in raltion with forest genetics investigation.

Malenchus piauhyensis, espécie nova para a Ciência, é descrita e figurada, com base em duas fêmeas obtidas de solo ao redor de raízes de limão cravo (Citrus limonia) no município de Campo Maior, Estado do Piaui, Brasil.

The present work was made with the purpose of studying the effect of speed increase on the values of draft. It was used a trailed disk plow. For the draft measurement it was used a coupling device in the drawbar, where it was inserted an electromechanical dynamometer PIAB. The tests were carried on field conditions, in soil of sand textural class. Four speed were used: 2,86 km/h, 3,61 km/h, 4,74 km/h and 6,64 km/h. Under test conditions, one equation was determined: K = 2,64 v + 62,88, were K = mean specific force and v = speed.

A elaboração de pequenas quantidades de emulsão de carne, em laboratório, pode ser de grande valia no ensino de ciência e tecnologia da carne e no desenvolvimento de certos tipos de pesquisa, por razões de ordem prática e econômica. No presente trabalho foi estudada a influência de alguns fatores sobre a estabilidade de emulsões de carne obtidas em pequeno triturador de alimentos, tipo «cutter», de mesa, com carne magra bovina e gordura suina. Nas condições dos ensaios realizados, verificou-se a possibilidade de serem obtidos sistemas estáveis, tendo o pH da carne ou da emulsão sido fator limitante. A adição prévia de sal comum à carne não foi suficiente para a estabilidade das emulsões. Quanto à composição química da matéria-prima, a relação umidade/proteína da carne magra do pescoço foi significativamente inferior à da carne magra da paleta.

A sand culture experiment was installed in order to find out the possibilities of growing coffee trees (Coffea arabica, L.) for a long period of time. The experimental tecnique is diagramatically shown in figure I in the text: 1 - timer; 2 - air admitting solenoid valve; 3 - air escaping solenoid valve; 4 - air compressor; 5 - barometric pressostatic column; 6 - air filter; 7 - reducing pressure valve; 8 - nutrient solution reservoir; 9 - leveler; 10 - refill inlet; 11 - air retention valve; 12 - pot filled with quartz sand. Judging by the leaf analyses (tables 2 and 3) the technique seens adequate for growing coffee trees in nutrient solutions. At the present moment 36 units are in operation.

Aster plants were harvested periodically at 0, 18, 34, 46, 59 and 77 days after transplanting. The plants were divided into root, stem, leaves, flowers and analyzed for N, R, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn. It was observed that aster plant show a fast growth period after 46 days. An aster plant presents at 77 days old 2,049 mg N; 212 mg P; 2,496 mg K; 915 mg Ca; 356 mg Mg; 159 mg S; 2,140 ug B; 3,070 ug Cu; 17,142 ug Fe; 6,946 ug Mn and 3,931 ug Zn.

Erodibility values for the soils of São Paulo State are reported in this paper. Wichmeier's nomograph method was used to determine the K values. The erodibility values are higher in the soils with an argilic horizon and lower in the soils with on oxic horizon or an oxic horizon associated with an argilic horizon. The K values ranged from 0,02 to 0,67.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the use of the Relative Water Content of leaf tissues and the Refratometric Index of cell sap, for evaluate the water need of the tomato plant. Two field trials were conducted, during the summer and during the winter. Three treatments were used replicated seven times, in which water was supplied by the furrow irrigation method. The soil moisture was determined by the gravimetric method and the respectives water potentials by the pressure membrane apparatus. The treatments reported to three levels of soil water potential, 0,7; 3,0 and 15,0 atm. The data obtained were used for correlate the Relative Water Content and the Refractometric Index with the respectives soil water potentials. The results obtained led to the following main conclusions: a) Soil water potentials above 3,0 atmosphers resulted in better yeld. b) The readings of the Relative Water Content Correlated with respectives soil water potentials, provided a useful datum on the control of the tomato plant. c) The readings of the Refractometric Index Correlated with the respectives soil water potentials showed a glight relationship on the control of irrigation of the tomato plant.

One female of Culex fatigans Wied., 1828, was collected in a light trap at CENA-ESA«LQ»-USP, Piracicaba, at about 500 meters off the Piracicaba River banks. This mosquito exhibited 15 partially engorged pionid larvae of water mites (Prostigmata, Hydrachnellae) of the genus Arrenurus, attached to the articular membranes of the abdominal segments; no mites were found on the thorax or coxae. The larva is drawn, dorsad and ventrad. Since species cannot be identified from larvae, no specific name is given.

Studies were carried out to establish the effects of exogenous growth regulators on Vitis (Labrusca x vinifera) 'Niagara Rosada' fruiting. The investigations were done in the Jundiaí Research Station, Agronomic Institute State of São Paulo, always using disease-free vineyards of good productivity. The morphological transformations of clusters were studied under the following aspects: weight, length and width of cluster; number of berries; weight, length average and width average of berries; length average/width average ratio of berries; number of seeds; length and diameter of rachis; width of cluster minus berries; length and diameter of secondary rachis. That characteristics were determined at the time of maturity plus the total sugars, total acid, Maturity Index and reducing sugars in samples of all treatments. The experiment was conducted in order to determine the doses that resulted in the most beneficial effects, always using applications by immersion of the inflorescence. In 1970 the experiment consisted of applications of gibberellins and 2-hydroxymethyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid treatments of 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 500 ppm; gibberellins 50 ppm plus 2-hydroxymethyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 50 ppm and nontreated, 11 days after flowering. The effectiveness of 100 ppm of gibberellins after flowering to increase cluster weight, berry number and weight, elongation of secondary rachis was determined. Treatment with gibberellins 50 ppm plus 2-hydroxymethyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 50 ppm increases cluster weight, berries number and weight. Gibberellins at concentration of 500 ppm stimulated berry elongation but did not benefit other characters. Application of 2-hydroxymetlhyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid after flowering, at the concentrations used did not result in good results in 'Niagara Rosada' fruiting under the conditions studied.

Studies were carried out to establish the effects of exogenous growth regulators on Vitis (labrusca x vinifera) 'Niagara Rosada' fruiting. The investigations were done in the Jundiaí Research Station, Agronomic Institute State of São Paulo, always using disease-free vineyards of good productivity. The morphological transformations of clusters were studied under the following aspects: weight, length and width of cluster; weight, length average and width average of berries: length average/width average ratio of berries; length and diameter of rachis; width of cluster minus berries; length and diameter of secondary rachis. The yield for the first half of the period from flowering to maturation was first determined. The same characteristics were determined at the time of maturity plus the number of berries, number of seeds, total sugars, total acid, Maturity Index and reducing sugars in samples of all treatments. The experiment was conducted in order to determine the doses that resulted in the most beneficial effects, always using applications by immersion of the inflorescence. In the experiment was realized applications of (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) and succinic aeid-2, 2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) at concentrations of 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm; CCC 500 ppm plus SADH 500 ppm and nontreated, 5 days before flowering, in 1971. The concentrations of CCC applied before flowering did not affect favorably cluster morphology under the conditions of the experiment. Application of SADH at 250 ppm before flowering increased the cluster weight and length, berries number and weight, and seed number. In the first yield treatment of 1000 ppm of SADH increased the cluster weight and lenght, berry weight and rachis lenght.

No presente trabalho, estudam-se granulometria, composição mineralógica e arredondamento das séries de solos Paredão Vermelho, Ribeirão Claro e Saltinho, no município de Piracicaba, SP, nas frações areia fina (250 a 105m) e areia muito fina (105 a 53m). O material constituinte desses solos é bem selecionado. A composição mineralógica mostra a presença de minerais estáveis, turmalina, magnetita, ilmenita, estaurolita e zirconita, com ocorrência ainda de rutilo, na areia muito fina. O arredondamento é alto, exibindo os perfis, grânulos arredondados, que devem ter participado de mais de um ciclo de sedimentação. Ê possível concluir, também, que o arenito Botucatu é a rocha de origem desses solos.

The authors endeavored to determine: 1) to which physiologic race isolate T-18-1 belongs, previsously identified as race 3 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici; 2) what type of resistance is present in line CAST-M-Wd, used as a differential in determination of race 3. To attain the objectives desired, 2 experiments were designed in a greenhouse under partial temperature control. In the first experiment the pathogenicity of isolate T-18-1 was determined for 27 progenies of CAST-M-Wd. Variety Walter and line S-34 were used as diferentials since they possess monogenic resistance to races 1 and 2 race 1, respectively. In the second experiment, the pathogenicity of isolate T-18-1 was compared with races 2 of the pathogen. Six progenies of CAST-M-Wd were selected to be used on the basis of results in the first experiment. Variety Walter and line S-34 were used algo. On the basis of the results the following conclusions are drawn: 1) the isolate T-18-1 belongs to race 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici; 2) the tomato line CAST-M-Wd, used previsously as a differential in the identification of race 3, does not possess monogenic resistance but has polygenic resistance to race 3; 3) gene 1-2 in variety Walter demonstrates sufficient resistance for the control of race 2 (isolate T-18-1) as reported in Brazil.

Foram realizados testes afim de conhecer as plantas hospedeiras e não hospedeiras de um nematóide verificado atacando cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L) em Castelo Branco Pr. Sementes de 56 culturas de importância econômica e de 23 ervas daninhas foram semeadas em recipientes contendo solo artificialmente infestado pelo nematóide, o qual havia sido previamente identificado como Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivos: 1) Obter um quadro sintomatológico das carências de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn: 2) Aquilatar o efeito da omissão e presença dos nutrientes sobre o crescimento e composição química das diversas partes da planta. Plantas de roseira (Rosa spp, var. Happiness) foram cultivadas em vasos contendo silica e irrigados com solução nutritiva completa e deficiente nos macro e micronutrientes. Surgidos os sintomas de deficiência as plantas foram coletadas, secas e analisadas para os elementos em estudo. Os autores descrevem os sintomas e apresentam dados analíticos referentes a plantas sadias e desnutridas.

This experiment was conducted in order to verify a possible translocation of substituted urea herbicides in soil. Bioassay was done using tomato as plant. The soil tested was from a carrot culture with high organic matter and clay content. The herbicides tested were linuron, chloroxuron and chlorobromuron, at two dosages: minimum and maximum recommended by industries. The results indicated that there was not neither lateral' translocation nor through 30 cm depth. The possible cause was the high clay and organic matter content of the soil.