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The distribution, ecology and systematics of the lunulitiform bryozoans of Una Grande (RJ) region are studied. The occurrence of the species is correlated to the granulometry of the sediment and depth. Discoporella umbellata does not occur in silt-clay bottoms. Cupuladria biporosa was found in deeper stations than Discoporella umbellata. This species occurs in highest density than the former.

The distribution and ecology of the lancelet Branchiostoma platae (Hubbs, 1922) in the Ilha Grande (RJ) region are studied.

Some species of marine Isopoda collected in southern Brazil mostly in shallow-water and amongst seaweeds are studied. Five species are discussed and illustrated. A diagnosis is given for each species. Idotea metallica and Synidotea marplatensis are new oc currences for the area, and both have had their geographical range extended to off Rio de Janeiro. The presence of Idotea balthica and Erichsonella filiformis in southern Brazil was definitely asserted. Illustrations of both sexes of Rocinela signata and details about its occurrence in the region surveyed were made.

The capture on November 19, 1970, of a juvenile female of the Basking Shark Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765), 438 cm long, is the first record of this species in the Brazilian Atlantic, at about 24º00' to 24º10' Lat. S, and 45º35' to 45º15' Long- W. The teeth are mostly in three, sometimes two or four, functional series. Vertebral numbers and characteristics: Precaudal - 53; Caudal - 56; Total - 109; Monospondylous - 37; A-values - 167; B-values - 82 (sensu Springer & Garrick, 1964). The gill rakers are well developed and brilliant black.

This paper reports the species of Macrochiridothea occurring up to now on the continental shelf of southern Brazil. Two species are new to science: M. marcusi sp. n. and M. lilianae sp. n.. M. stebbingi Ohlin, 1901, is the third species reported for the area. The genus now comprises 8 species. A diagnosis for the genus, as well as for alI the species is given, together with comprehensive illustrations to permit prompt recognition of the species. Secondary sexual dimorphism is reported for the first time in the genus. A elassification key based on adults is furnished, and remarks or eomments for eaeh speeies are made. The geographie range for the genus has been considerably extended to the north, to about Lat. 23º07'S. General ecological and zoogeographieal remarks are made.

Some data and observations of primary production and hydrographic parameters have been made in the region of Ubatuba (Lat. 23º30'S Long. 45º06'W) during two seasons: summer and winter. The primary production varied from 1.01 mgC/m³ /h to 28.16 mgC/m³ /h in summertime and from 0.24 mgC/m³ /h to 16.24 mgC/m³ /h in wintertime. The phytoplankton production is believed to be controlled primarily by the quantity of nutrient salts and there is a possibility that relatively nutrient-rich deeper cold waters may increase the fertility of the region.

In this review certain basic aspects of techniques established for primary productivity studies are presented. Some emphasis has been given to a critical review of techniques mainly devoted to estuarine and coastal phytoplankton of tropical waters. The contents of this paper have been balanced along the lines of current research in marine primary production but only considering the basic methods needed to determine the primary production and standing-stock of phytoplankton. No attempt has been made to include some sophisticated methods, since the particular aim of the present manual is to become a useful guide for beginners in the field.

São descritos os estádios de desenvolvimento de Serolis completa. O material estudado foi coletado nas proximidades da Ilha Sumítica, Estado de São Paulo (aproximadamente Lat. 23º50'S), entre 30-60 m de profundidade. Todos os estádios foram caracterizados e suscintamente descritos. Determinou-se que: 1 - Serolis completa apresenta 4 estádios marsupiais e 5 pós-marsupiais para as fêmeas, e 6 para os machos; 2 - o ultimo estádio marsupial é idêntico ao primeiro pos-marsupial; 3 - ovos ou embriões de um mesmo marsupio encontram-se num mesmo estádio de desenvolvimento; 4 - os machos sao os primeiros a diferenciarem-se (estádio III), enquanto as fêmeas sao seguramente reconhecidas apenas no estádio IV; 5 - as fêmeas atingem a maturação sexual no estádio V, antes dos machos, que a atingem no estádio VI.

An account based on observations of the reproductive behavior of Serolis polaris is presented. Correlative additional information obtained from the examination of a large number of preserved specimens is discussed. Both the pre-copulatory behavior, and the copulatory position are described. Pre-adult females show sexual escape behavior. The pair of pereopods II are the only clasping appendages utilized in copulation. They are especially morphologically structured to perform this function. Marks, cuts and sores may be produced on the females by the rubbing movements of the clasping pereopods. Experiments show that when mature, males and females do not ingest food. A full discussion of all these behavioral aspects connected with reproduction is provided.

As seguintes espécies de equinodermes sao assinaladas pela primeira vez para o Brasil: Holothuria (Cystipus) af. pseudofossor, Stylocidaris lineata, Clypeaster (Clypeaster) rosaceus, Chaetaster longipes, Luidia barbadensis, Amphiura princeps Ophiophragmus pulcher e Amphipholizona delicata. Cladodactyla crocea e Pseudocnus perrieri foram coletadas apenas ao sul do Rio da Prata. Pseudocnus dubiosus e Chiridota marenzelleri ocorreram na região do Uruguai.

Description, distribution and ecological observations are presented for the following six new Ophiuroidea species: Ophiomastus satelitae sp. n., Ophiomusium anaelisae sp. n., Amphioplus mathildae sp. n., Ophiaoantha brasiliensis sp. n., Ophioleptoplax brasiliana sp. n. and Amphilepis teodorae sp. n.. The species were collected in front of Ilha Grande (RJ), from 50-500 m depth.

A brief outline is given of the results of surface temperature and salinity to the west and southwest of Cabo Frio obtained in August of 1971 with a continuous recording Thermo-Salinograph (Bissett-Berman, Model 6600T). A rapid change was observed in the field distribution of temperature from 21.5-21.9ºC to 15-21ºC, and similary change in the distribution of salinity from 34.1-35.0º/oo to 35.3-36.0º/oo, over a time scale of seven days. The changes were accredited to the process of upwelling at the coastal region under the influence of E and NE winds. The occurrence of a surface counter-current moving upwind was detected. This anomaly, not explained on the basis of the Ekman's classical theory, was qualitatively explained as the result of a horizontal divergence in the wind-stress field.

Mysids collected at Cananéia region (Lat. 25º04'S -25º58'S and Long. 047º54'W -047º57'W) during the period Sept. 1969 - Sept. 1970 have been systematically studied. The following species are redescribed and figured: Bowmaniella (Coifmanniella) brasiliensis Mysidopsis tortonesi, M. eoelhoi, Brasilomysis castroi Metamysidopsis elongata atlantica and Promysis atlantica. The diagnoses are based on characters easily observed and useful to their identification. The geographic distribution is given for all species studied in addition to the zoogeographical distribution of mysids from Brazilian shallow waters.

O isópode marinho Serolis foresti Bastida & Torti, 1970, e pela primeira vez assinalado ao longo da plataforma continental centro-sul do Brasil. Descreve-se o macho, até então desconhecido, e redescreve-se parcialmente a fêmea, com algumas observações morfologicas inéditas. A distribuição geográfica da espécie é consideravelmente ampliada, passando a Lat. 23º S a ser agora o seu limite mais setentrional de ocorrência.

Tres espécies de isopodes marinhos do gênero Serolis Leach, 1818, são registradas na plataforma continental centro-sul do Brasil, i.e., S. elliptica Sheppard, 1933, S. completa Moreira, 1971 e S. similis sp. n.. S. elliptica e pela primeira vez assinalada ao largo do Brasil. S. similis sp. n., espécie nova para a ciência, e devidamente caracterizada e descrita. Características adicionais distinguindo S. Completa de elliptioa são apresentadas. A distribuição geográfica destas espécies e consideravelmente ampliada. O limite norte de ocorrência de S. elliptioa passa a ser a Lat. 23ºS, enquanto que o limite mais meridional de S. completa passa a ser a Lat. 29ºS.

The following species of the isopod genus Serolis are recorded from the continental shelf of southern Brazil: S. exigua Nordenstam, 1933, S. polaris Richardson, 1911, S. foresti Bastida & Torti, 1970 and S. inermis sp. n. S. exigua is for the first time recorded from off Brazil. Both S. polaris and S. foresti are recorded from new localities. S. inermis sp. n., a new species, is detailed described. Remarks are made on the importance and variations of some morphological features. The limit of distribution of both S. exigua and S. foresti is slightly extended northernwards.

Distribution and abundance of eggs of Sardinella brasiliensis (=S. aurita), are presented for the years 1970 and 1971 and compared with that of the previous year (1969). The spawning size of three spawning seasons was calculated using Tanaka's method. Incubation time of sardine eggs was estimated using the method of Ahlstrom. During three spawning seasons a considerable change in the relative spawning size was observed. The spawning season (during spring and summer in the southern hemisphere) of 1970-71 was poor when compared with those of 1969-70 and 1971-72. A slight change in the average diameter of eggs in different spawning seasons was also observed. The relation between oceanographie conditions and spawning size was analysed. It is suggested that the warm water covering the spawning ground during the 1970-71 spawning season may have caused an unsuccessful spawning in this year.

Larvae and juveniles of S. brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879), ranging from 6.4 mm to 35.5 mm, were identified from plankton samples taken in waters off the southern Brazilian coast from 1969 through 1971. Changes in the pattern of pigmentation, body proportions and formation of fin rays are described. During transformation stage a considerable advancement of the dorsal and anal fins was observed. Changes in body proportions are pronounced at the size of 19 mm. Complete ossification of all fin rays is attained at the size of 20 mm, but ossification of the ventral scutes is delayed and completed only at the size of 30 mm. Ossification of the vertebral column was completed at the size of about 16 mm.

O recrutamento do estoque de peixes marinhos é dependente da mortalidade, durante o estágio de ovos e larvas. A corrente de superfície, na área de desova, é um dos fatores importantes que afetam a mortalidade de larvas. O presente trabalho é o resultado de estudos feitos na corrente de superfície por meio de cartões-de-deriva, na região sul do Brasil (entre 22º S e 30º S). Oito viagens oceanográficas foram realizadas com os N/Oc. "Prof. W. Besnard" e "Emília" nos anos de 1969 a 1971. Na região de Ilha Grande, considerada uma das principais áreas de desova, o resultado na época do fim da primavera ao inicio do outono, mostra que os cartões lançados na área este de Long. 44º45' W, derivaram a nordeste e foram encontrados na costa, entre Ilha Grande e Cabo Frio e os cartões lançados na área oeste de Long. 44º45' W, derivaram a sudoeste e chegaram à costa de São Sebastião e Santos. O resultado do cruzeiro de setembro de 1969 (início da primavera) é diferente dos outros. Da região sul de Santos e da região do Cabo de São Tomé, temos poucos dados, portanto, não chegamos a uma conclusão definitiva. Será necessário o estudo contínuo desta área. A maioria dos cartões encontrados foram lançados de estações situadas perto da costa (no máximo, 30 mn). A maioria dos cartões, lançados a uma distância superior, nao foi recuperada.

No presente trabalho são descritas duas novas espécies de isópodes marinhos pertencentes ao gênero Synidotea Harger, 1878, i.e., Synidotea littoralis sp. n. e Synidotea brunnea sp. n.. As espécies foram coletadas nos Estados de Alagoas (S. littoralis sp. n.), Bahia e Espírito Santo (S. brunnea sp. n.), entre algas, na região entre-marés.