RCAAP Repository

Uma melhor compreensão da dinâmica do processo reprodutivo de Sardinella brasiliensis e obtida através da associação de aspectos micro e macroscópicos das gonadas durante o ciclo sexual. O presente trabalho apresenta uma descrição das fases de desenvolvimento ovocitarias e dos estadios de maturidade dos ovarios de 119 fêmeas de S. brasiliensis, coletados na costa brasileira entre 22ºS e 28ºS. São descritas seis fases ovocitarias e duas estruturas derivadas, analisando-se as características citologicas das células germinativas durante o processo de maturação. Foram estabelecidos sete estadios: A (virgem), Bi (em início de maturação), Bf (em maturação avançada), Cf (maduro inicial), Cf (maduro desovado), D (es vaziado) e R (em repouso), sendo discutida sua correspondência com outras es calas aplicadas as espécies.

The LC50 of Neritina virginica (gastropod) to hexaolorocyclohexane (C6H6Cl6) was determined. A series of experiments was prepared during a period of 96 hours using different hexaclorocyclohexane concentrations. The LC50 to Neritina virginica was 1,482 mg hexaclorocyclohexane/l.

Results of bio-assays using Artemia salina larvae in γBHC-HgCl2 mixture are presented. The results obtained are compared with those obtained using the two chemicals separately. The LC50 for γBHC was almost double that for HgCl2. The effect due to the primary dose of HgCl2 was observed for approximately 16% of the population (LC2.3) while for γBHC the population percentage was 2.3 (LC2.3). As a consequence, subsequent doses were more effective for HgCl2 than for γBHC. The effective dose 50% (ED50) is about the same for γBHC and for γBHC + HgCl2 mixture, though in higher doses BHC would be more effective, while in smaller doses the mixture would predominate.

É estudada a distribuição geográfica e a variação de caracteres morfológicos de três espécies de ofiuroides (OpiLacantha antartica, Astrotoma agassizzi e Gorgonecephalus chilensis) das regiões Antártica e Subantãrtica. São também apresentadas observações sobre biologia reprodutiva.

A revision is presented on the variability of the ornamentation and other extermal morphological aspects of Gorgonocephalus chilensis. The samples were obtained along the period of 1962 to 1972 by the R/V "Hero" and "Eltanin" (USARP) and by the R/V "Almirante Saldanha" from the Brazilian Navy.

The monthly analysis of maturity stage frequency of adult females caught monthly at the Ubatvíba region, SP, from February 1979 to January 1980, suggests that M. funieri spaws three times ayear: Autumn (April-June) , Winter (August-Sept ember) and Spring-Summer (November-February). Condition factor fluctuations estimated with andwithout gonads K and K') during a reproductive cycle reinforces hypothesis0 K and K' maximum values relate precisely with higher frequency periods of a females at advanced stages of maturity (C). On the other hand, K and K' minimum values are concomitant with higher frequency periods of spent females (D). Although K and K' have a similar evolution, there are some periods in which ΔK (K-K') appears higher: May, August-September and November. These periods are also related to the maximum frequency of females in stage C. As AX estimes the "gonad condition", establishing the periods when the gonad attains the maximum weight in relation to body weight, and so the more advances of maturity stages, it can be used as a maturity and breeding season index.

The extreme mobility of submerged sand bars at the mouth of the Cananeia outlet has made safe access difficult to the lagoonal region of Cananeia, on the southern coast of the State of São Paulo. This problem is serious enough to have been treated by various authors over the past thirty years. Erosional and depositional processes in the area are the result of the combined very often conflicting action of tidal currents, waves, and longshore currents that are active in the dispersal of the sand sediments. Thus, at the time that processes of accelerated sedimentation occur at the mouth of the outlet intensive erosional phenomena act upon neighboring salient features of the coastline, such as Ponta do Perigo on Ilha do Cardoso and Ponta da Trincheira on Ilha Comprida. Comparative analysis of aerial photographs taken in 1962 and 1973 and of some bathymetric profiles allowed us to evaluate the evolution of the erosional process on the eastern side of Ilha do Cardoso during this period interval and to determine the growth tendency of the sand bars in the Cananeia outlet.

A dinâmica de sedimentação e erosão do "spit-bar" do rio Maçaguaçu (Caragua tatuba, São Paulo) foi preliminarmente avaliada através da integração de es tudos climáticos, hidrodinámicos e sedimentologicos, considerando-se as interrelaçoes das forças antagónicas entre os processos continental e marinho. A feição construtiva do "spit-bar" parece estar conectada com a dinámica dos processos marinhos. Suas características erosionáis parecem ser o resultado dos processos fluviais, intimamente relacionados aos períodos de intensa pluviosidade nas escarpas da Serra do Mar, quando da passagem de frentes atmosféricas.

The phytoplankton Ks anã Vmax as a function of ammonium and nitrate concentrations were determined. The growth rate was estimated from measurements on synthesized chlorophyll-α and the cell number in the. culture media. The uptake rate was determined as to the consumption of ammonium and nitrate after the nutrients depletion from culture media.

The effect of high nitrate concentration and light intensity on chlorophyll-a synthesis, cell number and nitrate assimilation on P. tJt¿coh,nuutum culture, was determined. Growth and uptake rates were determined as a function of nitrate concentration ranging from 0.40 to 35.40 µg/l. The Ks showed high values, when compared with those obtained with lower nitrate concentration. The percentual variation of Ks was greater than that of Vmax.

No summary/description provided

A pre-concenvration method for extracting organochlorines from seawater was employed to analyse ΣDDTs and PCBs. The sampling device and the conditions for optimal adsortion performance are described. Recovery tests with spiked solutions were made before applying the method on real samples. Working up of the samples prior to gas chromatographic analysis, precautions and advantages of the procedure are also discussed. The application of the method for seawater, containing very low levels of organochlorines, is shown by data from equatorial surface waters. The average level for ΣDDT and PCBs was 0.21 ng/l and 0.37 ng/l. The overall precision of the method is about ± 15% with a lower limit of detection of 0.1 ng/l-1 for PCBs and 0.05 ng/l-1 for ZDDT.

The Cananéia-Iguape lagoonal complex is characterized by a continuous siltation, which is shown by sedimentary islands and sand spits frequently found within the lagoonal area. Two sets of arrial photos, onde of 1962 and another of 1973, and a nautical chart of the Brazilian Navy have been used to evaluate the morphological changes of those sedimentary features through the time. A close relationship between their orientation and local hydrodynamic processes has been observed in the "mas de Cubatão" and "mar Pequeno" areas.

Data were obtained from 1891 specimens of Cynoscion jamaicebis collected during four trips aboard R/V "Prof. W. Besnard'', from Cabo de São Tome (22º04'S) to Torres (29º21'S). This species occurs along the continental shelf, preferably on the region of coastal water influence with temperatures between 27ºC and 18ºC. There are young and adults along the coast, in all depths, although it was observed young in February-March at 22ºS and 27ºS and, during other months, at 23º20'S and 27º30'S, while the adults are distributed at 26ºS and 27º30'S in February-March and May and at 23ºS and 29º30'S in September-November. Spawning takes place between latitudes 24º30'S and 26º30'S in winter-spring (September-November), According to reproductive cycle, the condition factor (K) showed variations, being the lowest value in September (spawning season). The pick of recruitment was in May, occurring individuals with total length between 70-90 mm coming from the preceeding spawning period and that did not reach their first year of life. First sexual maturity is reached around 154 mm and at 200 mm all individuals are potentially mature. The weight/length relationship values were different for males α - 3.25) and females (α -3.10).

The chromosomes of Micropogonias furnieri was studied. The diploid number is 48 acrocentric chromosomes and the haploid number is 24. The diploid DNA content of blood cell nucleus was measured. C and G banding techniques were tried.

A two-year program of biological sampling was carried out on the area comprised by the islands of Anchieta, Vitória and Couves on the northern coast of São Paulo State, Brazil. Most of the samples were collected by otter-trawl since the demersal fish were the main interest of the study. In spite of the small size of the nets used - only 30 feet on the mouth - the results obtained as to the number and diversity of the fish found in the area seemed to be significant enough to justify the present communication. As many as 97 species of bony and cartilaginous fish were obtained from 28 controlled catches, along the years 1978-1979. The best represented family, as could be expeoted were the Sciaenidae but Rajidae, Bothidae and Cynoglossidae were also abundant. Lophius gastrophysus and Merluccius hubbsii. occurred only in depths above 30 m, in agreement with their known distribution in the far southern coast of Brazil. A systematic list of the species and their common names, when available, is given.

Effects of different positions of sampling and different periods of preservation of the samples at -15ºC on the general protein electropherograms of skeletic muscle ofMicropogpnias furnieri, were analysed and the conditions of extraction and electrophoresis of the proteins were established. Extraction and preservation powers of four solutions, distilled water, sodium chloride 0.9%, phosphate buffer pH 7,5 µ=0.05 (Connelly 1953) and glycerol-EDTA-Tris pH 8.7. (Scopes, 1968), were compared. The electrophoresis conditions were investigated using cellulose acetate membranes with six different buffer systems and starch gel with three different buffer systems. Samples of muscle collected from different positions did not show differences either in the number of bands or in their relative migrations in the electropherograms. Alterations in the electropherograms were noted according the period of sample preservation. The greatest extraction and preservation powers were found with the solution glyeerol-EDTA-tris pH 8.7. In the buffer systems used, the maximum number of nine bands was obtained in cellulose acetate membranes as well as in starch gel. The best separation of the proteins in cellulose acetate membranes was found with Tris-glyeine buffer pH 8.3 (Tris 0.0495M, glycine 0.3836M), and in starch gel with gel buffer constituted by Tris, EDTA and boric acid, pE 8.6 (Huehns, 1968) and electrode buffer constituted by boric acid and sodium hydroxid (Smithies, 1955).

Electropherograms of general proteins of skeletic muscle of male and female Micropogonias furnieri, ranging from 112 to 718 mm in total length, were obtained in cellulose acetate membranes visualized by Ponceau SQ The specimens were collect ed in the area between Ubatuba (SP) and Florianópolis (SC), and in Lagoa dos Patos (RS). The electropherograms were classified in three types, P, PF and A, and in six varieties, "i", "c", "r", "l", "lf" and "j", based on the qualitative and quantitative differences in the bands VI1, VI2, and VII, and I2, respectively. The differences observed in electropherograms were independent of the sampling area, Ubatuba-Florianopolis or Lagoa dos Patos. The types P, PF and A of electropherograms were related to the ontogenetic development of fish and the varieties "j", "r" and "c" were related to the period of preservation of the samples. The types and varieties of the electropherograms were independent of sex, gonadal maturity and sampling site.

Estimates of primary produetion of benthic microflora were carried out in the Santos tropical estuary, on the southern coast of Brazil (24ºS, 46ºW). The samples were obtained seasonally over a one-year period. Six stations with different environ mental conditions were chosen. The samples, which consisted of the upper 2 mm of the sediment, were collected in the intertidal zone, according to Grøntved's (1960) methodology. The mean annual value of primary production was 45 mgC/m²/h, ranging from 1. 0 to 301.0 mgC/m²/h. The highest values were observed at the more sheltered stations, which contained the highest amount of organic material and, the highest input of polluted material. The epipsammic algae contributed with 40% of the total production while the epipelic ones contributed with 60%. The mean value for dark fixation of14C was 63%.

Estudou-se o cariótipo de Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758), peixes teleósteos da família Sciaenidae, coletados na região estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia, SP, Brasil. Foram realizadas preparações de cromossomos mitóticos e meióticos e ensaios de bandeamentos C e G. O número diplóide encontrado para a espécie foi de 2n = 48 cromossomos, tipo t cujos tamanhos variaram entre 3,18 µm e 1,47 µm, em média, do maior para o menor par. O primeiro par de homólogos apresenta uma constricção secundária no terço superior dos cromossomos. O número haplóide encontrado foi n = 24. O conteúdo diplóide de DNA foi de 1,57 ± 0,03 picogramas por célula. Nao se obteve padrão nítido de bandas G, mas a aplicação da técnica facilitou a identificação de alguns pares adjacentes e a visualização da constricção secundária. Bandas C localizam-se, principalmente, nas regiões pericentrométricas.