RCAAP Repository

The cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries of Saanen goats are found in the stomach and intestines of the animals. They were examined in the present study in order to understand the details of the arterial circulation of these organs. Thirty fetuses were examined (19 males and 11 females). To reach the objectives of the study the arteries of the area were dissected after being injected with a solution of Neoprene latex 450 colored with specific pigment. The cranial mesenteric artery originated from the aorta in the lower abdomen, and extended caudally to the celiac artery in 93.3% of the cases or to a common trunk (celiac mesenteric) in the other 6.66% of the cases. From this artery were emitted the following branches: left adrenal branches (100%); right adrenal branches (100%); pancreatic branches (96.66%); the caudal pancreatic duodenal artery (100%); the middle colic artery (96.66%); the ileac colic artery (100%); jejunal arteries (100%) and the pancreatic colic artery (3.33%). The mesenteric caudal artery originated on the ventral face of the aorta in the lower abdomen and extended caudally in 100% of the observations. It emitted the left colic artery and the cranial rectal artery in 100,0% of the cases and, in 3.33% of the cases, gave origin to the left testicular artery.

This study analysed the efficiency of early pregnancy diagnosis and embryo and fetal mortality and sexing evaluation by ultrasound in two groups of zebu cows submitted to artificial insemination (G1) or embryo transfer (G2 = G2A and G2B). The animals that not returned to estrus at 21th day after artificial insemination (G1) and 14th day after embryo transfer (G2B) were examinated at 25th day of gestation for early pregnancy diagnosis, at 45th day for embryo mortality between 25th and 45th and at 60th days for fetal mortality between 45th and 60th days and sexing evaluation. The animals from group G2A were examinated by retal palpation at 45th day for gestation diagnosis and at 60th day for fetal mortality between 45th and 60th days and sexing evaluation. The pregnancy rates were 94.6%, 88.1% and 83.4%, respectively, to 25, 45 and 60 days of pregnancy. The embryo and fetal mortality and abortion rates were, respectively, 4.6%, 4.7% and 1.2%. The accurate early pregnancy diagnosis and fetal sexing were, respectively, 88.5% and 90.7%. The ultrasound was efficient to evaluate early pregnancy (25th day), embryo mortality (25th to 45th days), fetal mortality (45th to 60th days) and sexing (60th day). The detection of early pregnancy can be applied to establish the stages of highest embryo and fetal mortality rates in zebu cattle. This study revealed that embryo and fetal mortality rates in Bos indicus were not caused by ultrasound examination.

This paper describes articular lesions induced by inoculation of one-day-old broiler chicks with an avian reovirus strain (S-1133) by oral and foodpad routes. The hock joint of five birds from inoculated and control groups were collected in the periods of 24, 48, 72 hours and at weekly intervals from 1 to 8 weeks post inoculation for histopathological examination. The first inflammatory changes were seen in tendon sheaths one week post inoculation. On the second week postinoculation there were fibroplasia, formation of lymphoid follicles and sinovial membrane cells hyperplasia, progressive lesions seen until the end of experiment. The articular lesions were similar occurring simultaneously in both inoculated groups, nevertheless the lesions were more severe in the group inoculated via footpad.

This paper describes visceral lesions induced by inoculation of one-day-old broiler chicks with an avian reovirus strain (S-1133) by oral and foodpad routes. The bursa of Fabricius, intestine, liver, spleen and heart of five birds from inoculated and control groups were collected in the periods of 24, 48, 72 hours and at weekly intervals from 1 to 8 weeks post inoculation for histopathological examination. Interstitial myocarditis was observed 48 hours post inoculation, pericarditis and necrotic myocarditis were seen in the first week post inoculation. The pericardium presented lymphoid follicles at 2 weeks post inoculation and in the subsequent periods there was progressive fibrosis seen until 8 weeks post inoculation. In the liver, infiltration of heterophils and mononuclear cells was observed 72 hours post inoculation, followed by degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes at one week post inoculation. Lymphoid follicles and heterophilic infiltration were seen from 2 to 8 weeks post inoculation. The spleen presented a progressive necrosis from 48 hours to one week post inoculation and at 2 weeks post inoculation hyperplasia lymphoid was observed in the splenic tissue. No lesions were seen in the other examinated organs. Visceral lesions were similar occurring simultaneously in both inoculated groups, nevertheless the lesions were more severe in the group inoculated via footpad.

Respiratory problems are frequently implicated in horses as a cause of poor sportive performances. The most frequently occurring lower respiratory tract disorders are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), inflammatory airway disease and exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH). Classically, their treatment includes systemic administration of drugs, but aerosol therapy is now known to be a more specific way to treat these disorders. This article describes the equipment and drugs currently available for aerosol therapy in horses.

This study aimed to assess the opacification period and diagnostic quality of ioversol 240 mg I/ml in the thoracic and lumbar regions after intracisternally injected, and evaluate its effects on the nervous system by clinical and neurological examinations. Thirty clinically normal non-descript dogs without sex distinction, weighing 9-12 kg were divided into three groups of 10 animals each. All the animals were anaesthetized using diazepam and thiopental sodium. Ioversol was injected at a dose of 0.5ml/kg. Cervical radiographs after 5 minutes to confirm injection of the contrast, and thoracolumbar radiographs after 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes to evaluate the opacification period were taken. Clinical and neurological examinations were performed daily until 7, 14 and 28 days for groups I, II and III respectively. Adverse reactions such as pedal movements, preconvulsive behavior, muscular spasms, apnea, dyspnea, and vomit anxiety were observed during the myelographic procedure only. Ioversol showed good radiopacity, diffusion and miscibility with the cerebrospinal fluid. Reduction of costs also was possible since it can be autoclaved. Opacification period with diagnostic value was of 60 minutes in 60% of thoracic radiographs and in 80% of lumbar radiographs. Ioversol showed low incidence of clinical and neurological alterations. It is concluded that ioversol 240 mg I/ml is appropriate and safe to be used for myelography in dogs.

The splenic artery describes two behaviors before penetrating into the hilus, constituting the group I (90%) with an extrahilar branch, and the group II (10%), having two of these branches, originating an average of 13 branches to the cranial edge, and 10 directed to the caudal edge. The splenic vein frequently (96.6%) is represented by a unique vessel stretching longitudinally in the dorso-ventral axis, where an average of 13 vessels of cranial edge and 11 of the caudal edge are joined and rarely (3.3%) this vein results from the confluence of the two vessels of equivalent calibers.

Ao finalizarmos esta pesquisa, obtivemos dados anatômicos comparativos dos comprimentos dos cornos uterinos e tubas uterinas de vacas e novilhas da raça Nelore. Foram utilizadas para tais fins 45 amostras dos órgãos para cada grupo de animais. Os resultados mostraram que os comprimentos médios dos cornos uterinos e das tubas uterinas direitos e esquerdos das vacas não diferem estatisticamente entre si, sendo de 26,0 cm para os cornos uterinos direito e esquerdo, 17,6 cm para a tuba uterina direita e 17,7 cm para a esquerda. Os comprimentos médios dos cornos uterinos e das tubas uterinas direitos e esquerdos das novilhas não diferem estatisticamente entre si, apresentando 14,6 cm para o corno direito, 14,8 cm para o esquerdo, 15,4 cm para a tuba uterina direita e 15,2 cm para a esquerda. Há diferença estatisticamente significativa no comprimento médio dos cornos uterinos entre vacas e novilhas, com, respectivamente, 26,01 cm e 14,72 cm. Há diferença estatisticamente significativa no comprimento médio das tubas uterinas entre vacas e novilhas, com, respectivamente 17,64 cm e 15,29 cm. Nas vacas, o comprimento médio dos cornos uterinos, 26,01 cm, é maior que o comprimento médio das tubas uterinas, 17,64 cm. Nas novilhas, o comprimento médio dos cornos uterinos, 14,72 cm, é ligeiramente menor que o comprimento médio das tubas uterinas, 15,29 cm. Quando há aumento do comprimento médio dos cornos uterinos, há aumento concomitante das tubas uterinas em vacas, não acontecendo o mesmo em novilhas.

O efeito da qualidade e da quantidade de diferentes fontes de proteína na dieta utilizada por ratos adultos foi determinado através de parâmetros biológicos e bioquímicos. Ratos albinos da linhagem Wistar, com 275 dias de idade, foram submetidos a dietas isocalóricas contendo três diferentes níveis de caseína (1%, 3% e 5%), arroz (3%, 5% e 7%), feijão (5%, 7% e 9%) e mistura de arroz-feijão (3%, 6% e 8%) e comparados a um grupo controle cuja fonte protéica foi a caseína a 28%, durante o período experimental de 28 dias. A estimativa da porcentagem mínima de proteína para manutenção do peso corporal se mostrou dependente da qualidade protéica e igual a 4,9%; 9,7%; 7,3% e 4,5g%, respectivamente para arroz, feijão, arroz-feijão e caseína. Os parâmetros bioquímicos avaliados (proteína, albumina plasmática e proteína hepática) mostraram-se pouco sensíveis às variações protéicas da dieta. A magnitude das mudanças observadas sugere uma adaptação metabólica aos níveis inadequados de proteína e a possibilidade de atenuar as conseqüências da inferioridade qualitativa da proteína com um aumento da sua quantidade na dieta. Reafirma, também, que a extensão com que a qualidade da proteína na dieta afeta sua necessidade depende do estágio de desenvolvimento fisiológico do animal.

The protein minimum requirement for maintenance of body weight and nitrogen from growing rats was determined by protein utilization of some vegetable sources in relation to casein and by evaluation of some biochemical indicators (plasma protein and albumin, liver protein). Weanling Wistar rats were fed on experimental diets (3%, 5% or 7% rice; 6%, 8% or 10% bean; 4%, 6% or 8% rice-and-bean) and control diets (3%, 5%, 7% or 28% casein and free protein diet) during 28 days (50 days of age). The estimated minimal requirements of protein seems to be dependent on protein quality and were 3.6%; 7.4%; 4.9% and 3.7% respectively to rice, bean, rice-and-bean and casein. The biochemical parameters were significantly reduced in experimental groups when compared to casein 7% and 28% controls. The results obtained could suggest a metabolic adaptation to protein restriction and a possibility to overcome the poor protein quality by increasing the dietary protein quantity.

This study had the objective of evaluating the effect of uterine flushing part, flushing day (D7 or D8), embryo size, age of recipients corpus luteus and transcervical technique on embryos recovery and in the pregnancy rates. There were differences (p < 0.05) in embryos recovery rates on overall flushing (154) in relation to the flushing part (F.P.) 1 (27.3%), 2 (15.6%) and 3 (18.2%), but not statistical differences (p >; 0.05) for the pregnancy rates (F.P.1, 76.2%; F.P.2, 83.3% and F.P.3, 78.6%). There was statistically tendency (p = 0.051) in the number of recovered embryos (37.5 and 62.8%) in the D7 or D8, respectively. However, there was no difference (p >; 0.05) in the pregnancy rates (66.7 and 78.3%), when the embryos were recovered in the D7 or D8. It could be observed statistically differences (p < 0.05) in the embryos size, which were collected at D7 (0.230 mm ± 0.035 mm) and D8 (0.896 mm ± 0.063 mm). It's appropriate to emphasize that the pregnancy rates did not suffer any influence. Considering the age of the recipient corpus luteus at 5, 6, 7 and 8 days after the ovulation, there were no differences in pregnancy rates 71.4, 88.9, 65.4 and 88.6%, respectively, during the breeding season 96/97. There were not found relevant differences (p >; 0.05) in the recovered embryos (50.9 and 59.5%) and pregnancy rates (77.2 and 77.7%), during the breeding season of 95/96 and 96/97, with inovulated embryos by the transcervical technique.

Many factors can affect pregnancy rates after equine embryo transfer. This study had the objective of evaluating the influence of stallion and of three different insemination techniques (natural breed, artificial insemination with fresh or cold semen), on pregnancy and on embryos recovery rates. In the first year, differences were observed (p < 0.05) in embryo recovery rates among the five stallions studied (28.6, 65.0, 62.9, 66.7 and 84.2%), but no statistical differences (p >; 0.05) were detected in pregnancy rates (50.0, 80.7, 70.6, 70.0 and 62.5%). In the second year, it was observed a tendency to statistical significance (p = 0.057) in embryos recovery rates between the stallions (44.4, 56.2, 71.4 and 73.7%), and no statistical differences (p >; 0.05) were detected in pregnancy rates (75.0, 55.6, 86.7 and 71.4%). There were no statistical difference (p >; 0.05) in the number of embryos transferred and in pregnancy rates comparing natural breed (50.0 and 87.5%) and artificial insemination with fresh (60.6 and 73.7%) or cold semen (63.8 and 80.3%).

Cytologic and histologic examination of 35 canine mammary masses was performed over a year period, from dogs that underwent mastectomy for mammary neoplasms at the UNESP Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital -- Jaboticabal (SP) Brazil. The mastectomy specimens were evaluated according to structural parameters found to be prognostically significant in human mammary tumors, such as grade of atypia, nuclear criteria (shape, size, form, abnormal mitotic figures), chromatin and nucleolar patterns, high cellularity and poor intercellular cohesions. These criteria were used for differentiation of benign from malignant mammary tumors with 63% of a concordant diagnosis and sensibility of 73% and specificity of 83%. The "fine needle aspiration" technique is discussed as a tool to perform early diagnosis. Our data were found to have a positive correlation to the prognosis indicating that we can recognize structural variables of malignancy by citopathology. Application of the described parameters should facilitate comparative studies of histopathologic diagnosis with biologic behavior of canine mammary tumors using this technique to obtain early diagnosis and a secure prognosis.

Through the fecal analysis done by the "Quatro tamises" technique, the presence of Fasciola hepatica eggs was demonstrated in young and adult buffaloes coming from Maricá, Rio de Janeiro. The result marks the first report of this parasite in bubaline specie in the State, with occurrence of 2.5%, in the appraised sample.

The occurrence of salmonellosis in dogs maintained in kennels destinated to scientific experiments was described. The isolates were characterized as Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Agona and Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica. The public health aspect and epidemiology were evaluated.

The relationship between the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and the somatic cells count (SCC) was studied in milk samples of 68 dairy goats of Anglo Nubian, Brown Alpine and Saanen breeds. The samples were collected twice a month, during seven months and tested by CMT, microbiological culture and SCC. Only milk samples negative in the microbiological examination were considered in the analysis. The results showed a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between CMT and SCC (r = 0.63), and a negative correlation (p < 0.05) between CMT, SCC and daily milk production (r = -0.27 and r = -0.28). In the association between the CMT and SCC it was obtained a mean of 0.78 x 10(6) cell/ml for the negatives reactions (N, T and 1+) and 5.32 x 10(6) cell/ml for the positive reactions (2+ and 3+). The results showed that in order to avoid the false positives results, other diagnostic test must be done together with CMT test to evaluate the goat milk to detect subclinical infections.

The aim of this research was to establish the anatomicosurgical segments through lobation and arterial intralobar branching in cats lungs. After dissection of twenty lungs, it was noted that the right pulmonary artery, usually, emits a branch to the cranial lobe and a branch to the middle lobe, arising together from a trunk. A large branch irrigates the caudal lobe in most of the cases. Two branches arising in common origin from the caudal lobe branch irrigate the accessory lobe. The left pulmonary artery originates a trunk that, in most of the cases, emits a branch to the cranial and a branch to the caudal part of the left cranial lobe. It can be concluded that the right lung is formed by four and the left by two lobes, and variations occur in the pulmonary arterial branching.

It was aimed in this study to verify anatomically and radiographically the communication existence between the bursa of the bone navicular (BN) and the distal interphalangeal joint (AID), establishing its frequency, and form and identifying the anatomical structures involved in the process. In this way, 140 anatomical pieces of thoracic and pelvic equines members were used; with the fluoroscope aid, a mixture of iodized contrast, Neoprene latex was injected and coloring in the BN of the right members and in the AID of the left members, with subsequent radiographic expositions. Verified communications, the structures and the involved places, are identified by dissection technique. It was verified, in two observations, communication between BN and AID, after injection of iodized contrast, latex and coloring in the bag of the bone navicular, being one in the right thoracic member (MTD) and the other in the right pelvic member (MPD). Communication between AID and the hem of the tendon of the deep flexor muscle of the finger (BTMFPD) happened in a piece, belonging to the left thoracic member (MTE). Communication between BN and BTMFPD was observed in the piece of a right thoracic member. Morphologic variations in the lateral extremities of BN, constituting projections that extended until the third proximal of the medium phalange, being more pronounced in the lateral face than in the medial, happened in five members. By the administration of iodized contrast, latex and coloring ink in AID, no communication was observed between AID and BN.

The study of portal vein concerning the confluent vessels to its formation and its tributaries was carried out in adult agouties (3 females and 7 males), the venous system of which was infected with colored latex and fixed in 10% formol. After dissection, it was noted that the trunk of the portal vein has its origin in the confluence of two roots, represented in 90% of the cases, by the lienal vein and by the common mesenteric trunk, composed by cranial and caudal mesenteric veins and, in 10%, by lienal vein and by cranial mesenteric vein. The trunk of the portal vein has as its tributaries the cranial pancreaticoduodenal vein (100%), the right gastric vein (90%), and the right gastroepiploic vein (40%).

21 éguas da raça Crioula em idade reprodutiva foram divididas em 3 grupos (I, II e III) de 7 animais; animais do grupo I receberam injeção intramuscular única de 3 mg de norgestomet e 5 mg de valerato de estradiol e implante subcutâneo de norgestomet na tábua do pescoço por 9 dias; animais do grupo II receberam injeção intramuscular única de 5 mg de estradiol 17-beta e 0,5 mg de acetato de melengestrol via oral/animal durante 9 dias; éguas do grupo III receberam 0,045 mg/kg PV de altrenogest via oral por 9 dias. À suspensão do tratamento com progestágenos, todas as éguas dos 3 grupos receberam dose luteolítica de luprosteol e 3.000 UI de hCG quando seus folículos dominantes apresentaram características pré-ovulatórias detectadas ultra-sonograficamente. Todas as éguas foram submetidas à avaliação ultra-sonográfica diária objetivando-se a análise retrospectiva do maior folículo e do segundo maior folículo, sendo cobertas próximo ao momento da ovulação por garanhões andrologicamente testados. Não houve supressão do desenvolvimento folicular para o grupo II (MGA). O maior grau de sincronização observado nos grupos I e III foi, respectivamente, de 85,71% e 66,70% no 5º dia após a administração do luprosteol (p >; 0,05). A porcentagem de supressão de manifestação de estro nos grupos I e III foi, respectivamente, de 85,71% e 100% (p >; 0,05), com porcentagem de respostas em estro pós PG de 85,71% para o grupo I e 85,71% para o grupo III (p >; 0,05). As taxas de prenhez observadas foram de 100% (I) e 85,71% (III) (p >; 0,05). Os resultados foram baseados no número de éguas que responderam à sincronização. Os intervalos PGF2alfa-estro, PGF2alfa7-hCG, hCG-ovulação e PGF2alfa-ovulação para os grupos I e III foram de 4,5 ± 0,80 e 4,2 ± 0,8 (p >; 0,05), 8,0 ± 1,41 e 6,17 ± 0,6 (p >; 0,05), 1,5 ± 0,22 e 2,28 ± 0,28 (p >; 0,05) e 9,8 ± 1,02 e 8,6 ± 1,32 dias (p >; 0,05) respectivamente. Os resultados indicam a comprovação da eficiência dos sistemas de sincronização de estros com implante de norgestomet e administração oral de altrenogest, havendo tendência de maior grau de sincronização para o sistema norgestomet, sem diferenças significativas no tocante aos índices reprodutivos e dados de dinâmica folicular, com exceção do menor diâmetro dos folículos dominantes observados e da ocorrência de apenas uma onda folicular maior para ciclos suprimidos pelo regime progestágeno-estradiol.