RCAAP Repository

Morfologicamente foram identificados no sangue de Oreochromis niloticus sete tipos de células: eritrócitos, trombócitos, neutrófilos, eosinófilos, basófilos, linfócitos e monócitos. Em relação aos resultados citoquímicos foi contastada a presença de glicogênio em neutrófilos, trombócitos e em alguns linfócitos e monócitos. Os grânulos citoplasmáticos de neutrófilos e eosinófilos mostraram positividade para mieloperoxidade e Sudan black. O azul de bromofenol foi totalmente positivo em eritrócitos e eosinófilos.

In vitro, the sensitivity to different propolis extracts, at a concentration of 100 mg/ml, of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus sp. coagulase negative, Streptococcus agalactiae and bacteria of the coliform group, isolated from the milk of cows with mastitis, was evaluated using the technique of an agar disk diffusion with a medium doublelayer. The results showed that the commercial propolis, the ethanolic extract, and, in a minor proportion, the methanolic extract inhibited the growth of the Gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus sp. coagulase negative and Streptococcus agalactiae. The extracts obtained through water, etila acetate and chloroform did not inhibit any bacterial strains, nor did the pure ethanol and methanol vehicles that were utilized as controls. The Gram negative bacterium tested, from the coliform group, did not show sensitivity to any extract. Bacterial strains of the same species collected from different sources presented significant differences in sensitivity to the extracts (p < 0.05). In the Streptococcus agalactiae samples, the diameters of the zone of inhibition around the disks were bigger than those observed for samples of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus sp. coagulase negative. The results of this experiment stimulate the continuation of studies on the use of propolis extracts, by means of using the appropriate vehicles for the treatment of bovine mastitis.

This study was performed considering the public health hazards related to the elimination of mycobacteria through milk of dairy cows suspected or positive for tuberculosis presenting no clinical alterations. A total of 780 milk samples from 52 animals, positive or suspected for tuberculosis, according to Stormont's test, were analysed to detect Mycobacterium spp. The samples consisted of 300 ml/cow, collected in the first milking of the day, during 15 days. Frozen samples were sent to the laboratory, inoculated in Löwenstein-Jensen with reduced glicerol (0.5%) and Stonebrink media and kept under 37ºC for at least 90 days. The genus of each observed colony was initially confirmed by Ziehl-Neelsen and auramin staining methods. The isolation of Mycobacterium spps was confirmed in 78 (10%) samples collected from 19 (36.54%) animals. According to thin layer chromatography, time and temperature growth characteristics and colonies aspects, the 19 animals eliminated: M. avium (5.26%), M. fortuitum (10.52%), M. bovis (5.26%) and Mycobacterium spp. (78.95%).

The use of the "Christ's crown" latex (Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii) in the hepatic fascioliasis control was evaluated. The evaluation was made analyzing the metacercariae readiness in the grass, using tracer animals in a farm in Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil. The results, obtained examining feces of 60 animals with "Quatro Tamises" technique, showed significant fall in the infection prevalence during the experience, indicating one more subsidy in the control of the problem.

The lowland tapir is the biggest Brazilian terrestrial mammal, which belongs to the order Perissodactyla, suborder Hippomorpha, superfamily Tapiroidea and a member of the family Tapiridae. At tropical forest the tapir is involved with seed dispersal. The knowledge of this wild animal reproductive cycle is one way to help its preservation. The stress due to restrain of captive or free-ranging wild animal in order to sample collection limits endocrine study once it can be hazard for the estrous cycle. One possibility is to quantify gonadal hormones at the excreta. Progesterone milk levels were studied in a tapir housed at the Araçatuba Zoo, in São Paulo, Brazil. Milk samples, vaginal cytology and rectal temperature were collected during lactation. The progesterone was quantified by radioimmunoassay solid phase (Coat-a-Count, DPC®). The standard was supplied by CENA-FAO and the assay showed sensitivity of 1.25 nmol/L with intra-assay variation of 15.36%. During most of the lactation (November to June) the female showed no detectable levels of progesterone. After 158 days (from November to April) it was detected the first progesterone peak with 2.3 nmol/L that lasted for 5 days. The second progesterone peak of 3.54 nmol/L lasted for 23 days. The lactation ceased 74 days after the first milk progesterone surge. This animal showed a prolonged lactational anestrous period (nearly 5 months) and the return of gonadal cycle by fall suggested no positive photo-period influence. The milk progesterone quantification showed to be useful for reproductive cycle evaluation of this animal, although vaginal cytology and temperature fluctuation had no relationship with hormonal levels.

Baypamun® is an immunity modulator recommended as prophylactic and therapeutic use. In the present study, this product was used in the hamsters experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans serogroup canicola. The animals were divided in 5 groups, with 20 animals each. This product was used as a therapeutic, prophylactic and as adjuvant. As a therapeutic use all the animals died. Despite of eight (40.0%) survivors, the prophylactic use wasn't also totally favorable due to leptospire recovering from kidneys of those animals. Based on the analysis of antibodies levels among animals that received vaccine and vaccine with Baypamun® as adjuvante, this product didn't conferred superior humoral answer. However, other studies should be accomplished utilizing this product in a longer period as well as verify the cellular answer by Baypamun® use as adjuvant in the infectious disease.

O Bugio Ruivo (Alouatta fusca clamitans) é uma das três espécies de primatas encontradas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. É uma espécie animal herbívora, com dieta composta por frutos, folhas, sementes e flores. A literatura em histologia de animais selvagens, especialmente os da fauna brasileira, é muito escassa. Este trabalho visa caracterizar a composição histológica do lábio em Bugio Ruivo. Para a realização deste trabalho foi utilizado um Bugio Ruivo, macho, adulto que veio a óbito. Fragmentos de aproximadamente 1 cm³ do lábio superior foram colhidos e imersos em solução de formol tamponado a 10%. O material foi processado por métodos histológicos, a inclusão feita em parafina e as colorações em Hematoxilina-Eosina, Goldner e Mallory. O Bugio Ruivo apresenta o lábio superior semelhante as espécies de animais domésticos. A pele apresenta estruturas como glândulas e folículos pilosos típicos, com presença de folículos táteis. Na superfície livre a derme é ausente de qualquer tipo de glândula e folículos pilosos. A mucosa labial, assim como a superfície livre, apresenta epitélio estratificado pavimentoso queratinizado sendo a queratinização uma conseqüência da dieta composta por alimentos grosseiros. Glândulas do tipo mucosa são encontradas na submucosa labial, assemelhando-se as glândulas mucosas de carnívoros e pequenos ruminantes domésticos mas diferem das glândulas labiais do homem que são do tipo mista. Tanto na derme papilar da pele como na lâmina própria da mucosa labial predominam as fibras colágenas. Apesar do Bugio Ruivo ser um primata suas glândulas labiais diferem-se do homem e a queratinização do epitélio, ausente no homem, está presente no Bugio Ruivo.

Foram avaliados 25 amostras da camada muscular do intestino delgado de cães, conservados em solução supersaturada de açúcar a 300%, glicerina a 98%, polivinil-pirrolidona a 5% e tintura de tiomersal 1:1000. As amostras foram mantidas conservadas por 45 dias e submetidas a análise ultra-estrutural por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Os meios não preservaram totalmente a integridade celular, sendo as soluções de açúcar a 300% e glicerina 98% as que melhor mantiveram as ultra-estruturas celulares.

Rotavirus is a worldwide etiologic agent of diarrhea, responsible for large economic losses. We studied the seroprevalence of antibodies to group A rotavirus in cattle in 67 smallholder farms from Uruará municipality, using counterimmunoelectroosmophoresis with the NCDV strain as a standard antigen. Prevalence of positive smallholder farms was 95.6-100%. Significant differences were seen between age groups when the seropositivity rose from the youngest to the oldest groups and between females and males older than 1 year, when the seropositivity was higher in the first group.

Com o objetivo de estudar um modelo biológico de sepsis intra-abdominal aguda para estudos experimentais, foram infectados ratos isogênicos F344, convencionais, com a bactéria Escherichia coli (E.coli), cepa ATCC 11775, sorotipo H7:O1:K1. Os animais inoculados, machos e fêmeas, apresentaram 6 horas após a inoculação por E.coli os seguintes sintomas: arqueamento do dorso, piloereção, hiperpnéia e diminuição das atividades motoras. A dose que produziu 50% de mortalidade (DL50) após 7 dias, determinada pelo método Reed & Muench, foi de 6 x 10(5) CFU/ml (analisado em 32 machos e 32 fêmeas). A maior concentração de mortalidade foi observada nas primeiras 24 horas. A disfunção hepática, comum em sepsis intra-abdominal, foi avaliada por provas enzimáticas, em 0, 24, 48 e 168 horas após a inoculação. O estudo da migração de células polimorfonucleares-neutrófilos (PMN) e mononucleares-macrófagos (MN) apontou um aumento significante de PMN entre o grupos de machos (z ³ 4,7; p < 0,003) e de fêmeas (z ³ 6,2; p < 0,0003) inoculados E.coli, quando comparados ao grupos controles. Quanto às células MN, não houve diferença entre os grupos inoculados e os controles, tanto para os machos (z=2,3; p = 0,0107), como para as fêmeas (z=1,8; p =0,0359). Em conclusão, estes resultados demonstram que os ratos isogênicos F344 são modelos biológicos adequados para estudos de sepsis intra-abdominal aguda.

Um reprodutor bovino, Bos indicus, com varicocele bilateral detectado por palpação e ultra-sonografia foi acompanhado por um período de 24 meses quanto à biometria testicular, valores espermáticos e concentração de testosterona comparados entre as estações do ano e outros animais da mesma espécie. As alterações morfológicas dos defeitos maiores e menores não variaram entre o touro com a patologia e os demais touros, no entanto, durante o verão o touro com varicocele apresentou maior percentual de defeitos totais se comparado aos demais touros da mesma espécie (49,86%±6,9 e 27,91%±2,9). O animal apresentou maior percentual de defeitos maiores no verão se comparado às outras estações do ano. Os achados de necrópsia confirmaram o diagnóstico clínico. Pode-se concluir que esta patologia, caracterizada por trombose nos vasos do cordão espermático, comprometeu a termoregulação determinando degeneração testicular severa. O aumento das concentrações de testosterona sérica sugerem a diminuição da retenção de esteroides nos testículos pelo plexo pampiniforme, a produção espermática estava anormal.

Two experiments were carried out to study the changes in the nematode faecal egg counts (EPG) in cows, during the periparturient period. In the first experiment, faeces from Holstein (dairy) and Zebu (beef) cows, were examined from the 6th week before birth up to the 6th week after birth. It was observed a significant difference (p<0,05) with a higher number of cows, from the Holstein group, with nematode eggs in faeces. In the dairy animals a significant rise in the EPG was observed at the moment of birth and on week four post parturition, when compared to pre parturition period. A negative association was found between the time of parturition and EPG, with the younger cows presenting higher EPG (p<0.05). Based on these results a second experiment was conducted to compare the EPG variations from the 4th week before birth up to the 10th week post parturition, in Holsteins cows, including primary and second gestation (group 1), and 3rd or more gestation (group 2). It was observed a significant difference with cows from the 1st and 2nd gestation showing higher EPG than group 2, at week 2, 3 and 4 after birth (p<0,05). The EPG from group 1 ranged from 0 to 1800, and from group 2 from 0 to 150 EPG. The results suggest that an anthelminthic treatment around the 2nd week before birth, in cows at the 1st and 2nd gestation, will decrease pasture contamination and nematode infection.

The aim of the present study was to perform a retrospective review, from 1932 to 1999, in order to establish the number of cases of mammary tumors in dogs in the records at the Pathology Department of Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - USP, as well as the presence of desmoplasia and cartilaginous and bone metaplasia in 578 of these tumors. Among the 537 malignant tumors, 13.05% were simple tubular adenocarcinomas, 3.91% were complex tubular adenocarcinomas, 7.26% simple papillary adenocarcinomas, 4.28% complex papillary adenocarcinomas , 23.27% simple papillary cystadenocarcinomas ,8.37% complex papillary cystadenocarcinomas,16.38% simple solid adenocarcinomas ,6.70% complex solid adenocarcinomas, 2.04% simple spindle cell carcinomas, 1.11% simple spindle cell carcinomas ,2.79% mucinous carcinomas ,8.19% anaplastic carcinomas ,0.93% squamous carcinomas, 1.30% fibrosarcomas,.0.18% chondrosarcoma, 0.18% osteosarcoma and among the 41 benign tumors ,51.21% were adenoma, 12.19% papillary cystadenoma,7.31% papilloma, 4.87% cystic fibroadenoma and 24.39% were fibroadenoma. Both desmoplasia and metaplasia were frequent findings in benign and malignant neoplasms, but they were more frequent among complex tubular adenocarcinomas: 38% presented desmoplasia, 57% cartilaginous metaplasia and 28% bone metaplasia. Among the benign neoplasms, adenoma presented the more frequency: 14 % presented desmoplasia, 29% cartilaginous metaplasia and 24% bone metaplasia. Results of this study emphasize the complexity of the inter-relationship between the macromolecules in the extracellular matrix and tumoral cells.

The aim of the present study was to study some of the proteins that form the extracellular matrix of 54 benign and malignant mammary neoplasms in dogs, using histochemical methods: Picrosirius and polarization microscopy for collagenous fibers, Gordon -Sweats's method for reticular fibers and Weigert's fucsine-resorcine method for elastic fibers. A large variability in quantity, distribution and characteristics of the matrix components was observed in the different types of neoplasms. Collagen type I, III and elements of the elastic system had different distribution in benign and malignant neoplasms. The simple Picrossirius method and under polarization enabled visualization of collagen as thick fibers irregularly distributed in the stroma of carcinomas and in a more orderly and regular fashion in benign neoplasms. A smaller amount of thin fibers was observed in an irregular and random disposition in carcinomas and in a regular disposition in benign neoplasms . Under polarization, the fibers present different lengths, were yellowish or reddish and strongly birefringent, what suggested that they were collagen type I and in the middle of these fibers, other ones, pale, greenish and weakly birefringent, some of them thinner, possibly collagen type III were observed. In the stroma of carcinoma, fibers were mostly thick, strongly birefringent, yellowish or reddish, disposed in an irregular and random fashion, mainly in the central areas. In condrometaplasic areas, both in malignant and benign neoplasms, there was a collagen population composed by thin fibers in a parallel disposition, limiting narrow regions where condrocytes were aligned. Around this area, there was a collagen population formed by bundles of thick anastomosed fibers, irregularly disposed in carcinomas and orderly, in a parallel fashion in benign neoplasms. Under polarization demonstrated that this population, among condrocytes, was formed by weakly birefringent fibers, pale and yellowish, what suggested a collagen type II pattern. The use of reticular fibers staining by Gordon & Sweats, enabled a visualization of collagen as thin fibers disposed not only in the dense stromas but also in the loose ones. These fibers presented variable density, but were found mainly around acini and tubules. In relation to the presence elements of the elastic system in benign and malignant tumors, it may be observed that they predominate in the malignant ones, mainly in the pseudocapsule and around acini and tubules. Elements of the elastic system were not observed in the specimens when they were submitted to Weigert's staining without oxidation. When the same material was submitted to Weigert's staining with oxidation , oxytalan fibers were more evidently around acini and tubules, as well as in the pseudocapsule. Elements of the elastic system were in the ECM, both in samples submitted to staining with oxidation and without it and this was similar for benign and malignant tumors. Results of this study emphasize the profound structural changes in collagenous and fibrous components of the extracellular matrix elastic system of mammary neoplasms in dogs.

Os vírus da anemia infecciosa eqüina (VAIE), da arterite viral dos eqüinos (VAVE) e do aborto viral eqüino (Herpesvírus eqüino tipo 1, HVE-1) são agentes causadores de enfermidades nos eqüídeos que podem causar graves prejuízos econômicos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estimar a soroprevalência de anticorpos contra os vírus VAIE, VAVE e HVE-1, utilizando como unidades de análise os eqüídeos e as propriedades rurais do tipo familiar do município de Uruará, PA. Os anticorpos contra o VAIE foram pesquisados pela prova de imunodifusão em gel de ágar e os anticorpos contra o VAVE e o HVE-1 pela prova de soroneutralização. O tamanho da amostra foi estimado a partir de um total de 2069 propriedades, caracterizadas por agricultura familiar e ausência de vacinações contra o VAVE e o HVE-1. Foi adotado um nível de confiança de 90%, com uma precisão de 15% e prevalência estimada de 50%. As seguintes prevalências de animais soro reatores para os diferentes vírus foram observadas: VAIE: 17,71% (IC 10,67 - 26,83%); HVE-1: 17,71% (IC 10,67 - 26,83%) e VAVE: 0,00% (IC 0,00 - 3,77%). As seguintes prevalências de propriedades com pelo menos um animal soro reator para os diferentes vírus foram observadas: VAIE: 53% (IC 38,12 - 68,12%); HVE-1: 40.62% (IC 25.96 - 56.65%) e VAVE: 0% (IC 0 - 6.94%).

Exercise can be defined as "normal stress" stimulating body functions. Some reports suggest lactate as a stimulator of cortisol levels, while creatinine varies according to the amount of muscle tissue. In the present study we investigated the relationship between creatinine, serum lactate concentration and cortisol levels in training horses. Twenty-three Thoroughbred fillies were used, divided into 3 groups according to age and training protocol: G1, 1-2 years of age (N=7) on pasture, G2, 2-3 years (N=9) starting to be mounted, and G3, 3-4 years (N=7) racing at the Jockey Club. Blood samples were collected weekly during a six-month period at about 1:00 p.m. while the animals were resting. Cortisol was quantified with a commercial kit (Coat-a Count®) and serum creatinine and lactate were evaluated with an autoanalyzer with commercial reagents. Data were evaluated using non-parametric statistical tests, with the level of significance set at P< 0.05. Cortisol concentrations were 149ª + 7, 126b + 6, and 101c + 5 nmol/l, lactate concentrations were 2.1ª + 0.1, 2.0ª + 0.1, and 1.75b + 0.1 mmol/l, and creatinine concentrations were 125ª + 2, 132ª + 2 145b + 3 mumol/l in G1, G2 and G3, respectively. Only G2 showed a low but significant positive correlation of cortisol with lactate and a negative correlation of cortisol with creatinine levels. It was possible to conclude that cortisol, lactate and creatinine varied during horse aging and physical conditioning. The decrease of cortisol concentration (G2) suggests that the better physical condition acquired during training led to the increase of creatinine concentration, possibly related to muscle mass. The lower cortisol and lactate concentrations observed in G3 animals may have been due to greater muscle mass inducing an increase in creatinine concentrations or changes in muscle fiber type during training.

This research is descriptive, qualitative tends as study object na analysis historical -organizational of the Surgery Department of the Veterinary Medicin College and Zootecny of São Paulo University, about unit of responsible teaching of the offer of the discipline of Topographical Anatomy in the graduation course in Veterinary Medicine. The evidence sources we make use of (documentation, register on file, researches, direct observations, integrated observations and physique workmanship) denoted a human recourse structure and qualification on a high level and a teaching program which the pedagogic proposal is not entailed to the clinic and cirurgic attendance realized at the college- hospital. The theoretical reference allowed to arrive us to na appropriate program the realities of this instituition whose characteristic will be the flexibility, the related discipline and the university extension.

O trajeto das artérias coronárias foi estudado no cervo-do-pantanal para comparação com os ruminantes domésticos. A artéria coronária esquerda se origina na aorta, na superfície auricular cardíaca e divide-se em ramos paraconal e circunflexo, os quais preenchem o sulco paraconal interventricular e sulco subsinuoso, respectivamente; esta artéria também origina um ramo para o conus arteriosus imediatamente antes de entrar no miocárdio. A artéria coronária direita surge da aorta, na borda cranial cardíaca e termina nesta borda, próximo ao sulco subsinuoso interventricular, entretanto, sem preenche-lo.

Foram estabelecidos segmentos anatomocirúrgicos em pulmões de ovinos da raça Ideal (dezessete segmentos no pulmão direito e doze no esquerdo), mediante dissecação de peças coradas com látex colorido e fixadas em formol. Na maioria dos casos, a artéria pulmonar direita emite, a partir de um tronco, o ramo ascendente e descendente para as partes cranial e caudal do lobo cranial respectivamente; o ramo do lobo médio; o ramo do lobo caudal e o ramo do lobo acessório. Invariavelmente, a artéria pulmonar esquerda emite o ramo do lobo cranial e o ramo do lobo caudal.

We studied the cerebellar arteries of the "macaco-prego" (Cebus apella). Fifty-seven cerebellar hemispheres were obtained from animals used in previous investigations, so that animals were not killed for this research. The method included microdissections under light mesoscopy after injection of the arterial system with stained latex (neoprene 450 and sulvinil stain). The analysis of the samples revealed that the blood supply to the cerebellum is dependent upon the vertebral basilar system, which gave off vessels, often in pairs, to the different cerebellar regions and ventral portion of the brain stem. We identified the following arterial cerebellar trunks: caudal inferior, rostral inferior, anterior, superior and pontine. The first trunk is dependent upon the vertebral artery (100%), the second upon the basilar artery (63,15%), and the last three upon the basilar artery. The nomination of these arteries is not completely established, to our belief because of the tendency of comparing primates in general with humans, agreeing the Oficial Veterinary Nomenclature.