RCAAP Repository

Para o presente trabalho utilizou-se 25 animais, fetos de búfalos da Raça Murrah, com idades variando entre 5 e 9 meses, sendo 15 fêmeas e 10 machos, com vistas à dissecação e sistematização dos vasos em estudo. Os animais foram coletados em abatedouro e fixados em solução aquosa de formol 10%. Obtiveramse para a Veia Cava Caudal os seguintes afluentes de origem: as veias ilíacas comuns direita e esquerda, e seus afluentes colaterais; veia sacral mediana; veias frênicas; veias lombares (1-5); veias circunflexas profunda do ílio direita e esquerda; 3-4 veias hepáticas; veia genital direita (testicular ou ovárica); veias adrenais e veias renais direita e esquerda.

Twenty-five animals, Buffaloes fetus, with 5 to 9 months of age (15 females and 10 males) was analyzed by dissection after injected with latex substance. The fetuses were collected in a slaughterhouse and fixed in aqueous formol solution 10%. In the Cranial Vena Cava the following origin tributaries were observed: External right and left jugular veins and their collateral tributaries; the internal right and left jugular veins; the mediastinals and pericardials veins; the internal right and left thoracic; thymic vein; the right and left subclavian vein, the right and left costocervicalvertebral venous trunk, and occasionally the thoracic duct.

Folículos pré-antrais de 41 vacas da raça Nelore foram quantitativa e ultraestruturalmente descritos neste estudo. Uma média de 35.539,20 folículos pré-antrais foram isolados mecanicamente ("Tissue Chopper") por animal. Os folículos foram processados para microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Os folículos primordiais apresentaram um oócito rodeado por uma camada de células granulosas (CGs) achatadas, com algumas tendendo à forma cuboidal. As demais fases de desenvolvimento foram classificadas como folículos primários, com uma camada de CGs cuboidais, e secundários, com mais de duas camadas de CGs cuboidais. Os folículos primordiais apresentaram oócito evidente, com núcleo excêntrico e nucléolo bem definido, cercado por regiões de cromatina condensada. As organelas ao redor do núcleo eram, predominantemente, mitocôndrias arredondadas. Folículos em desenvolvimento apresentavam organelas mais dispersas e numerosas, com mitocôndrias alongadas. As comunicações entre o oócito e as CGs mantinham-se por zonas de aderência, "coated pits" e vesículas de endocitose. A zona pelúcida (ZP) começava a aparecer em folículos primários, mostrando microvilos pequenos e vesículas penetrando na ZP. Os folículos secundários apresentavam aglomerados de grânulos corticais em associação a complexos de Golgi. Concluímos que o método mecânico de isolamento fornece quantidades suficientes de folículos pré-antrais de ovários de vacas da raça Nelore e, pela semelhança ultraestrutural com os folículos de outras raças, é possível a utilização dos mesmos protocolos de cultivo que vêm sendo estudados, desde que possibilitem a maturação meiótica dos oócitos.

Dairy cows exposition to an adequate environment may lead to a good result in the milk production, for permitting a better use of cooling equipment and reducing the thermal stress in the animals, as well as improving level of productivity. This research work evaluated the effect of environmental dry bulb and black globe temperatures in dairy cows lodged in a freestall building, separated in two groups: the most productive ones with milk yield above 29 kgday-1 and the less productive, with milk yield below 14 kg/day. Results showed the effect of the environmental variables and the temperature and humidity index in the decrease in milk yield. No high correlation was found between the index and the milk yield for both studied groups.

The present study investigated the efficiency of saline solution and coconut water solution in the preservation of goat preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian tissue, at different temperatures and for different incubation periods. At the slaughterhouse, the ovarian pair was divided into 19 fragments; one ovarian fragment was immediately fixed for histology (control-time zero). The other 18 ovarian fragments were preserved in both solutions at 4ºC, 20ºC or 39ºC for 4 h, 12 h or 24 h. The histological analysis showed that the storage of ovarian fragments in both solutions at 4ºC for up to 24 h kept the percentage of normal preantral follicles similar to the control values. In contrast, preservation at 20°C or 39ºC, in either solution, reduced significantly the percentage of normal preantral follicles compared to the control values, except in saline solution at 20ºC for 4 h or in coconut water solution at 20ºC for 4 h and 12 h. In conclusion, this study shows that both solutions can be used with the same efficiency to preserve goat preantral follicles at 4°C, irrespective of the incubation time. However, to preserve goat preantral follicles at higher temperatures, coconut water solution is recommended.

Nine adult males of capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) were electro-ejaculated with a rectal bipolar probe under general anaesthesia with tiletamine -zolazepan association. From the obtained ejaculate, we only analysed the liquid fraction in order to avoid any kind of chemical treatment to attain dissolution of the seminal coagulum. The mean obtained volume was 0,2ml with the sperm concentration of 56.169 x 10(6) sperm/ml and mean motility 68,4% and vigor 2,6. The mean percentage of morphologic normal spermatozoa was 39%. The technique was efficient for semen collection in Cebus apella and allowed seminal evaluation without possible sperm lesions caused by chemical treatment for coagulum dissolution.

The sensory nerve endings of the rat cheek mucosa were studied using the transmission electron microscopy. The specimens were fixed in modified Karnovsky solution and embedded in Epon resin. The sensory nerve endings showed a central terminal axon containing numerous mitochondria, neurofilaments, microtubules and clear vesicles. The proximal part of corpuscle revealed the cytoplasmic extensions of lamellar cells and the perineural cells. The fine bundles of collagen fibers are identified in the interlamellar spaces and the external part of corpuscle. Numerous concentric lamellae showed caveolae, interlamelar spaces filled with amorphous material, desmosome-type junctions between adjacent lamellae and the inner lamellar cells and the axoplasmic membrane. These fine structures are important to recognise and understand the morphological characteristics in the oral mucosa.

Twenty, 2-3-month-old worm free male Holstein calves, were assigned to two groups each containing ten animals. Each group was offered one of two diets: High (HP) and Low (LP) protein with 257 and 91 gkg-1 dry matter respectively, balanced for energy and minerals. After an initial period of 4 weeks on the diets, the calves from each group were subdivided into two groups of four and six calves. A trickle infection of 5,000 Haemonchus placei L3 was given twice a week for nine weeks to the sub group of six calves (I). The remaining four calves from each dietary group were used as non-infected control (C). Four weeks after the last infection, all calves were slaughtered and worm burdens counts. Carried out Biochemical determinations, faecal egg counts and body weights were carried out once a week. The HP group had significantly higher mean adult worm burdens (11,900 ± 7,660) when compared with BP (5,450 ± 7,895). Faecal egg counts were higher in the HP than LP group. Despite higher worm burdens, resilience was increased in the HP calves, with higher packed cell volume values as well as body weight when compared with the LP group.

The current experiment was carried out to evaluate the nutritive value (dry matter and crude protein) of six sorghum silage genotypes, with or without tannin on grain, harvested in the hard dough stage, by in situ degradability technique. Six sorghum silage genotypes (BR 303, BR 304, BR 601, and AG 2006 without tannin on grain, and BR 700 and BR 701 with tannin on grain) were used. Four crossbred steers, canulated in the rumen, were used for incubation tests. Incubation times were: 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. The time zero (t0) were used to evaluate the soluble fraction. The BR 304 sorghum silage was better than others to mean disappearance of the dry matter and crude protein, at 96 hours of incubation. The tannin on grain, of the BR 700 and BR 701 sorghum silages (harvested at hard dough stage), didn't influence degradability parameters of the neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber.

Dermatophytosis is a zoonosis in whose etiology the dermatophyte Microsporum canis is frequently involved. The fungus can be transmitted to man by dogs and cats. In the present study, guinea pigs were experimentally inoculated with M. canis and the course of the lesions was evaluated. Inoculation resulted in lesions in 100% of the animals, with a clinical course consisting of an incubation period, an inflammatory and a phase of lesion resolution. The histopathologic evaluation of the skin biopsies revealed the presence of acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, spongiosis and marked dermal edema. M. canis spores and hyphae were detected in histologic sections stained with periodic acid-Schiff. The combination of the fluorescent dyes FD and EB permitted the adequate visualization of viable and dead fungal cells in skin fragments of guinea pigs inoculated with M. canis and the identification of the morphologic characteristics of the cells. This experimental model represents a valuable instrument for the study of the pathogenesis of dermatophytic infection with respect to the evaluation of the efficacy of antifungal drugs, and may also be used for the study of the immunology of dermatophytoses and of dermatophyte morphogenes

Fecal samples were collected from 138 cats with different sex and breeds captured from the streets of São Paulo and Guarulhos for the determination of gastrointestinal parasites infection. The animals were kept individually at Zoonosis Control Center at the cities of São Paulo (107 cats) and Guarulhos (31 cats). The feces were individually collected and examined by using sacarose solution flotation technique (d=1.203g/cm³). From the 138 samples, 80 (57.97%) were positive. Among the protozoa the most frequent agent was Cystoisospora felis in 36 cats (26.09%) followed by Cystoisospora rivolta in 34 cats (24.64%), Cryptosporidium parvum (1.45%) in two cats and Sarcocystis spp, in one cat (0.72%). Among the helminthes, Toxocara cati presented the high occurrence with 43 positive cats (31.16%), followed by Ancylostoma spp with 12 positive cats (8.70%) and Platynosomum fastosum in two cats (1.45%). Mixed infection were observed in 25 cats (18.12%) with T.cati and Cystoisospora spp. and T.cati and Ancylostoma spp, been the most common occurrence, both with 7.97% (11 samples) of occurrence.

Biocide action of Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus staigeriana were studied against Boophilus microplus tick, aiming the production of an environmentally and ecologically conect and len harmpol acaricide. Essential oil emulsion of three Eucaliptus species were tested in five different concentrations against larvae and engorged female of B. microplus. Oils were submitted to gas chromatograph coupled to mass spectrometer (GC/MS) analysis looking for its composition. Citronelal is the major component of E. citriodora essential oil, being responsible for its acaricide action. The same happens with 1.8-cineole in E. globulus. In E. staigeriana, there are many substances involved in a synergic action against B. microplus. E. citriodora essential oil killed all ticks in an average concentration of 17.5% as compared to E. globulus with 15% and E. staigeriana with 12.5%. E. globulus concentrated emulsion killed all ticks in an average concentration of 9.9% and E. staigeriana in a concentration of 3.9%. Further steps will be pursued to make those essential oils to be tested under field conditions and available to the farmers, since bioacaricides has commercial appeal, allowing B. microplus control in a less aggressive way to the environment.

The present work investigated the efficiency of 0.9% saline solution and Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) in the preservation of goat preantral follicles in situ at different temperatures and incubation times. The ovarian pair of each animal was divided into 19 fragments. One ovarian fragment was taken randomly and fixed (control). The other 18 fragments were randomly distributed in tubes containing 0.9% saline solution or PBS at 4, 20 or 39 ºC for 4, 12 or 24 h. A total of 5,921 preantral follicles were examined. The quality of preantral follicles was evaluated by classical histology. The storage of ovarian fragments in 0.9% saline solution or PBS at 4 ºC did not reduce significantly the percentage of morphologically normal follicles when compared with the control, except after preservation in 0.9% saline solution for 24 h. The storage of ovarian fragments at 20 or 39°C reduced the percentage of normal preantral follicles when compared to the control, except after preservation in PBS at 20°C for 4 h. In conclusion, this study showed for the first time that goat preantral follicles can be stored in situ successfully at 4 ºC in 0.9% saline solution for 12 h and in PBS for 24 h, and at 20 ºC in PBS for 4 h.

Foi avaliada a influência da citocalasina B na vitrificação de oócitos e embriões bovinos produzidos in vitro. No Experimento I, 956 oócitos foram maturados por 22h, sendo imediatamente vitrificados (tratamento Vitri) ou expostos por 15 a 20 minutos, à solução com 7,5µg/mL (tratamento CB7,5Vitri) ou 45µg/mL (tratamento CB45Vitri) de citocalasina B, antes da vitrificação. Após 30 segundos de exposição à SV1 [400µl TCM-Hepes com 10% soro fetal (SF), 50µl etilenoglicol (EG) e 50µl DMSO], e 20 segundos à SV2 (300µl trealose 1,0M + 20% SF, 100µl EG e 100µl DMSO), os oócitos foram vitrificados em palhetas estiradas (OPS). O reaquecimento foi realizado a 37-38ºC em duas etapas de 5 minutos cada, em trealose 0,3M e 0,15M. Não houve diferenças (P>;0,05) nos percentuais de clivagem e desenvolvimento embrionário entre os tratamentos Vitri, Cito7,5Vitri e Cito45Vitri, os quais foram inferiores (P;0,05) no percentual de re-expansão e eclosão entre os grupos Vitri e CB45Vitri, os quais foram inferiores (P<0,05) ao grupo controle. Os resultados indicam que, independentemente da dose utilizada, a exposição a citocalasina B não produz efeito benéfico na vitrificação de oócitos ou blastocistos bovinos produzidos in vitro.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a cinética da maturação in vitro de oócitos bubalinos, foram cultivados 1.619 oócitos com cumulus oophorus compacto em quatro diferentes tratamentos: T1 - TCM 199 com 10% de Soro Fetal Bovino (SFB) (meio base); T2 - Meio base e células da granulosa (CG); T3 - Meio base, CG, 10 UI de gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) e 10 UI de gonadotrofina coriônica humana (hCG); T4 - Meio base, 10 UI de eCG, 10UI de hCG e 1 µg de 17b-estradiol / ml, em tempos de 14 a 17h, 20 a 22h, 23 a 25h, 26 a 28h, 29h e 32h de cultivo em estufa de CO2 a 5% e temperatura de 38,5ºC. No tratamento 1, observou-se que 81,83%, 69,61%, 65,88%, 60,28%, 64,98% e 67,67% dos ovócitos reiniciaram a meiose. No tratamento 2, as taxas de reinicio da meiose foram de 76,06%, 72,06%, 69,78%, 68,12%,74,97% e 89,96%, no tratamento 3 estes percentuais foram de 83,59%, 78,86%, 77,49%, 82,4%, 72,92% e 81,06% e com o tratamento 4 os índices foram de 95,0%, 91,82%, 93, 17%, 91,65%, 92,09% e 74,99% nos tempos de 14 a 17h, 20 a 22h, 23 a 25h, 26 a 28h, 29h e 32h de cultivo, respectivamente, podendo-se concluir que o meio com maior suplementação proporciona maior taxa de reinício da meiose em menor tempo, assim como o aumento no tempo de cultivo pode levar a maiores índices de degeneração.

The autors refer to recent information on the alternate life cycle of myxosporeans (Myxozoa) approved in the last years in Oligochaete worms, stimulating efforts to study the developement of numerous known and unknown species from Myxosporean fish parasites in Brazil. At the same time Actinospore, Raabeia forms shed by Oligochaets of the Ocnerodrilidae family were reported for the first time in Brazil.

An inquiry about the cases of myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae in cats presented to 227 veterinary establishments of the Northern, Southern, and Western Zones of Rio de Janeiro municipality in 2000 was performed, to identify predisposing factors and to contribute to the comprehension of the epidemiological features of this parasitic disease. In one hundred and fifty two establishments, at least one case of myiasis by C. hominivorax larvae in cats was presented, and dogs were most infested than cats. Incidence was higher in hot weather months or periods of the year: January, February, November, and December. Adult, dark and short-haired, intact males, and mixed-breeding cats were the most affected. Because myiasis by C. hominivorax larvae are often in Rio de Janeiro City, as concluded in this inquiry, and it is not necessary to report the cases to authorities, a lot of clinicians did not consider it as a disease of great importance. Preventive programs against screwworm infestation should be developed according to identified predisposing factors, such as phenotypic features of infested animals (breed, hair color, hair size, sex, and age) and months of highest incidence, when programs should be intensified. Pet owners should be warned by veterinary clinicians about harm caused by myiasis and should receive directions about preventive rules, including maintenance of environment hygiene and avoidance of more common myiasis causes.

An inquiry about the cases of myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae in dogs presented to 34 veterinary establishments of the Southern Zone of Rio de Janeiro municipality in 2000 was performed, to identify predisposing factors and to contribute to the comprehension of the epidemiological features and prevention of this disease. In 31 establishments, at least one case of myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae in dogs was presented. Adult, dark and short-haired, and pure breed dogs, living in houses, were the most infested, but no predilection for sex was noticed. Ears were the most affected, due to otitis. Occurrence was higher in warmer weather months of the year. Most owners did not try to treat their pets by themselves, and adequate treatment of the wound, prescribed by the clinician, led to short healing period and absence of complications during and after the treatment. Myiasis is seen as a consequence of owner's negligence, but some dogs had already presented this disease before. It is necessary to develop prevention programs against screwworm infestation based on identified predisposing factors, such as phenotypical features of infested animals and body regions more affected. Causes that lead to larvae infestation, such as otitis and wounds, should be avoided and environment hygiene must be maintained. Besides, prevention programs should be intensified during the months of the highest incidence of the disease.

In the Southern Zone of Rio de Janeiro municipality, it was performed an inquiry about myiasis by Dermatobia hominis larvae in dogs presented to 34 veterinary establishments during 2000, to identify predisposing factors, and to contribute to the comprehension of epidemiological features and prevention of this disease. At least one case was presented to 24 establishments, and adult, male, light and short-haired, and pure breed dogs were most infected. Most affected body regions were those that flies can easily access: limbs, dorsal region, lumbar region, head, and neck. In most cases, no complications were observed during and after the treatment, and healing time was less than five days. As no month of the year presented higher occurrence of cases, prevention programs should be developed during all the year, based on epidemiological data as phenotypical features (breed, hair color, hair size, age, and sex) of infested animals. Pet owners should be encouraged to look for veterinary assistance when larvae are found on the animals, and to maintain environmental hygiene. Prevention programs should be developed specially in areas where D. hominis and flies that play the role of D. hominis egg vectors are found, because most dogs have became infected when traveling to small farms outside the studied area, and, then, cases of myiasis were found in a predominantly urban area as the Southern Zone.

Twenty-six capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) were intramuscularly immunized with 1.0 ml dose of a veterinary inactivated suckling mouse brain rabies vaccine (SMBV) employed in campaigns for rabies prevention in dogs and cats. The animals belonged to three experimental groups previously vaccinated with SMBV and different schemes, were kept in captivity from June, 1996 to June, 1997. All animals received a booster dose. Serum samples were obtained at the 0th, 30 th, 180th and 365 th days and kept stored at -20ºC. The antibodies dosage was carried out through the simplified inhibition fluorescent test. After a booster dose 17/25 (68%) of animals belonged to groups I, II and III, that had neutralizing antibodies above 0.5 IU/ml produced a humoral immune response equal or higher than 0.5 IU/ml, and another five animals that had neutralizing antibodies higher than 0.5 IU/ml kept in these levels. In relationship to longer humoral immune response there is no statistical difference between all groups, G-I x G-II, G-I x GIII, G-II x G-III (p>;0,05). The SMBV induced humoral immune response in capuchin monkeys after a booster dose, producing neutralizing antibodies equal to or higher than 0.5 IU/ml; however, they were short-lasting, being therefore not appropriate as an immunogen to be used routinely in the immunization of these animals which are difficult both to be dealed with and to be kept in captivity.