RCAAP Repository

Les organisations ne peuvent plus se permettre de lourdes structures pyramidales. On constate aujourd'hui un mouvement de balancier vers les structures plates et matricielles. Ces changements rapides ont obligé les personnels, par-delà les cultures et les frontières, à changer profondément leur façon de travailler, leurs relations à l'autorité et au projet, enfin, leur propre relation à l'Entreprise. La capacité à développer de nouvelles compétences, à travailler dans un environnement changeant, à prendre des risques, à travailler dans un cadre flou, de même que la capacité à créer de nouvelles formes d'organisations, à la fois globales et locales, sont les enjeux des entreprises devenues transculturelles pour survivre et se développer dans un environnement aujourd'hui métissé, mais ou en même temps les particularismes locaux n'ont jamais été aussi forts. La spécificité de l'Europe apparait alors pleinement, mosaique de cultures qui devront faire leur des principes qui ont été pensés et mis en oeuvre dans des cultures anglo-saxonnes. La remise en cause des modes d'organisations créés aux Etats-Unis par une culture américaine telle est souvent l'enjeu d'organisations confrontées à la mondialisation des acteurs économiques.

Num domingo de Setembro de 1850, pelas 17 horas, deu entrada no Real Colégio Ursulino das Chagas de Coimbra, ao tempo sediado no convento de Santa Ana, a "Sra. D. Luísa Augusta da Rocha", como referia o jornal O Observador, de sete anos de idade, sobrinha do lente da Faculdade de Direito, Manuel António Coelho da Rocha, recentemente falecido'. Acompanhavam-na um numeroso séquito composto pelo Conselheiro Basílio Alberto de Sousa Pinto2, seu tutor, e respectivo irmão, Doutor Rodrigo Ribeiro de Sousa Pinto, lente de matemática, esposa e filhas, o reitor da Universidade de Coimbra e família, o secretário da Universidade, vários lentes, além de muitas outras pessoas. À chegada - prosseguia aquele periódico - esperavam a jovem educanda e tão "lusidia" companhia, toda a comunidade docente e discente do colégio, a quem a superiora, num gesto de deferência e de boas-vindas, obsequiou com uma recepção musical, seguida por "um chá esplêndido".

Antes de entrar no espaço mais envolvente do tema em análise penso não ser despropositado tecer algumas breves considerações sobre mudanças importantes que se foram verificando ao longo dos dois últimos séculos e que tiveram repercussões no modo de encarar a doença - e o doente - no mundo ocidental. Na verdade, a história das doenças funde-se - e confunde-se - na história geral da Humanidade: dos seus medos, das suas crenças, dos seus rituais ... e das vitórias sobre os medos e das ousadias de querer conhecer os segredos do mundo e da vida. História da luta contra a doença e contra a morte ou, utilizando a terminologia de Philippe Aries, "une révolution de la vie et une révolution de la mort" (P. Aries, 1993:304), conflui na história da ciência, a grande libertadora, aquela que, sobretudo desde o século XVIII, vinha prometendo ao homem a resposta a todas as questões e o fim de todas as angústias. O homem emancipava-se e emancipava o universo de qualquer poder exterior a si e, crente nas virtudes do cientismo, pensava estar a assistir ao nascer de um tempo novo, materialização do velho sonho de um paraíso, agora transposto do Céu para a Terra. A ciência traria a riqueza, o domínio sobre a doença, a vitória sobre a morte.

O termo rural tem significados diferentes para diferentes pessoas. Desde uma paisagem bucólica até zonas remotas, atrasadas e com tradições ancestrais, passando por lugares onde se produzem alimentos e matérias-primas para o sector secundário, tudo cabe na definição do termo rural. A confusão fica a dever-se a algumas das características que, tradicionalmente, definem o mundo rural, tais como: actividade agrícola dos seus habitantes, forte dependência dos recursos naturais e extracção de matérias-primas, características que não esgotam as especificidades do mundo rural.

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Based on the economic transition taking place in Eastern Europe, the recent study of the World Bank concludes that the ideal strategy of liberalization consists in the shock-therapy. This work also rejects gradualist policies followed by some countries. ln this article, I base myself on a previous theoretical work in which I have discussed this topic in view of an alternative model of behaviour called "Prospect Theory". This article aims to show how the empirical study of the World Bank is inaccurate. ln it I present preliminary data which support the conclusions of that theoretical work as well as suggest that economic efficiency reasons may explain why some countries have been preferring gradual reforms.

It seems unquestionable that we are now in the paradigm of inclusion. However, its operation is controversial. The authors are differently located in face of the great challenge, which is to build an inclusive education, into a society that is also intended to be that way. So a relevant role is assigned to the teachers and the parents, since they are in permanent contact with the obstacles and difficulties, which the inclusive model represents. This study aims to know and reflect about the prospects of special education, regular education teachers and parents for the inclusive practices of their schools. The methodology frames under the paradigm of a triangulated study, in which are covered both the qualitative and quantitative approaches. Through the interviews, and their analysis of content, the teachers revealed their perception about the school’s inclusive practices. It was also collected and analysed information set in the school’s guidance documents. Finally, the parent’s opinions about the school’s inclusive practices were collected through questionnaires and this data processed statistically. The results of this study reveal that the positions of special education and regular education teachers are generally equivalent. The issues that show the most significant differences are related to the knowledge about laws, the participation of students with Special Needs, the support provided by school and the collaboration between teachers. At last, it was observed that the parent’s participation in school is still very little active.

Research into Production Planning and Control Systems (PPCS) has shown serious concems about success not always being achieved. Current operational practices have f ailed to match intended strategic goals and have shown a lack of ability to support the business core-competencies. These practices have also ignored the assessment of implementations and cannot predict the future success of PPCS solutions. This article addresses the placement of PPCS within the strategic context, under a contingent, holistic, non-biased and reliable approach. As an outcome, a richer picture is drawn, which highlights the need for decision making consistency and knowledge triangulation, in the relationships between PPCS and business strategy, IS/IT strategy, manufacturing strategy and organisational structuring. This broader span provided a stronger basis to set up an analytical framework that held and addressed research propositions regarding the establishment of policies for the design or selection and implementation of PPCS.

Olive oil is a widely used product, mainly in cooking, being part of the Mediterranean culture, namely the Portuguese. ln this work, the process, from the culture of the olive tree, to the production of olive oil is characterised and the olive oil production market is analysed, at a national level, being disaggregated, essentially, by virgin olive oil type (based upon the quality) and by regions. Supercritical fluid extraction is a innovative process which allows the extraction, using an "ecological" method, of components from natural products, which can be applied to the refining of olive oil. An industrial unit scale-up study to this refining process, together with an economic feasibility study, allows to reach the conclusion that this process is, according to this analysis, feasible.

To think about rural development also means to take into account the emergence, consolidation and diversification of the entrepreneurial tissue, regardless of the production chain serving as the framework of SME. Bearing this in mind we have selected for our research Small and Medium-sized Enterprises which had been supported by Community Programme LEADER I, a programme intended for the revival of rural economies. Thus, and with all the limitations we were likely to encounter, we would like to get the answers to some, if not to all, of the following questions: Who have promoted these SME? Which regions and activity sectors benefited the most from these investments? Did the newly built and supported SME significantly contribute to diversify their rural economies and its entrepreneurial tissue? In social terms, how did they help to create jobs? Are these SME so innovating as to improve the standard of living of the local populations?

The Fundação Joaquim dos Santos is a Private Institution of Social Solidarity, located in Torredeita, one of the most important and progressive counties of Viseu. It was founded in 1967 by Joaquim dos Santos. Working as a development agent, soon it created mechanisms and infrastructures to support local and regional development. Helping the needy people, it provides a variety of social services such as: Nursery, Kindergarten, Free Time Activities, Old People Centre and Domestic Help, which satisfies the needs of a wide and diversified population. As this foundation is integrated in a wide culture it promotes cultural activities through protocol arrangements with the Rancho Folclórico de Torredeita (regionalfolk music group) and its Eco-museum. It also hosts and develops traditional craft activities in the Cooperativa de Artesanato da Renda de Bilros e Trajes Regionais "O Enleio". As regards education, it promotes the Professional School of Torredeita.

The entrepreneurial structure in Coimbra, between 1928 and 1936, was defined by heterogeneous commercial and industrial activities which confirm the "eclectic" vocation of this city. However, food and beverage sectors were the leading ones. In this period, the region began to develop providing the means to the transformation of the companies. These were gradually adopting more modem societarian forms in arder to optimise the answers demanded by a growing market which was at the same time suffering the competition from products coming out of the region and out of the country.

During the first years of Republic, the country faced a governmental intervention period which tended to improve the work techniques of the Portuguese farmers and also to increase their input. Toe use of fertilisers was increasing but at the same time people were being warned about the false products that were entering in the market. Throughout 1914, the press in Leiria made public this national problem that, particularly in the region, concerned very important people. We have followed the construction of an "Empire", at a local level, to which the production of compost has contributed. Mainly, we had the chance to acknowledge the evolution of a businessman.

This article justifies the government intervention in regional policy. However, bearing in mind this centralised policy has been failing, it is necessary to develop a more territorialized perspective of the different geographic spaces which promotes a more efficient organisation and a better profit from the local resources. On the other hand, the consequences of the globalisation of the economies demand more flexible answers as well as less dependent of the single authority. Promoting the creation of "Project-regions", regionalization will be able to answer the new challenges and to develop the competitiveness of each territory of the national space.

The Portuguese region Beira Interior strategically located in relation to Europe, in general, and to Spain, in particular, is one of the most varied regions in Portugal. Possessing a great diversity and richness concerning landscape, heritage, and culture, this region has abundant water and cynegetic resources. As potential tourism developers, these elements have to be combined in a integrated perspective within a local and regional strategy. In this context, this study aims to reassess tourism potentialities and hindrances in Beira Interior as well as to contribute, with some proposals, to its development in a sustained and integrated perspective of regional development.

The study aims to discursively identify similarities and differences in the training path of the accompanying pianist in high music education systems in Portugal and Lithuania. In order to answer the research goals, we took a qualitative, descriptive and interpretative approach. For the comparison of the parameters of the educational system of Portugal and Lithuania we used the four stages: (i) description; (2) interpretation; (iii) juxtaposition; (iv) comparison. The results reveal some differences between the two countries in training paths of the accompanying pianist.