RCAAP Repository

The industrialized solar hot water systems are produced with high cost materials for the acquisition of low income population, because of that, many alternative systems, that aims a reduction of cost of the product for the user, have been proposed. The present work compares the environmental impacts caused by industrialized and alternative solar hot water systems, used in social interest habitations, by means of life cycle assessment evaluated according to Eco-indicator 99 methodology. The low cost solar heater (ASBC) developed by Sociedade do Sol, the solar heater composed of dismissible packings developed by José Alcino Alano and his family and the compact solar heater produced by Soletrol company, have been studied. For the study, three hypotheses have been taken into account, varying the ways of disposition of the materials that compose the systems at the end of their useful lives. For the three systems, the Eco-indicators have been determinated for the three hypotheses, possibiliting the knowledge and comparison of the environmental impacts of the three systems on each hypothesis. Two considerations have been made for the solar heater composed of dismissible packings. One of them hasn t taken into account, in the calculation of the Eco-indicators values, the materials that are being reused. The results have revealed that when the dismissible packings are taken into account, this system contributes much more to the environment degradation due to the impact caused by PET packings. Furthermore, the study has shown that alternative systems reach Eco-indicators values approximate and even lower than those of the industrialized system, when the final disposal varies. However, amongst the considered hypotheses the one that supposes the recycling of only the materials of the industrialized systems (most likely to occur) revealed this system as the one with the least environmental impact.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

This work presents the case study of the domestic waste collection from Monday to Saturday done by City Hall in downtown of Ituiutaba City (MG) which has almost 90.000 inhabitants. To characterize this problem, mapping of the sectors and routes were done in this area with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and the software GPS TrackMaker was used for data support to calculate distances, times and speeds. Afterwards, the Geographical Information System (GIS) was used as tool for vehicle routing in waste collection service. The TransCAD release 4.5 which is a transportation GIS, known GIS-T, was running for arc routing procedures. The use of GPS receivers showed itself as an important and efficay tool for data collection and mapping the routes travelled by the vehicles. The results of TransCAD running showed 44 % reduction in link overpass, 71 %reduction in labor and 68 % reduction in distances travelled comparing the current situation.

In this work was carried out a qualitative-quantitative research which is characterized as a case study, it was done at an institution of Basic Education, the State School Professor José Ignácio de Sousa (EEPJIS), located in Uberlândia MG. As it is an area of social relations, cultural, personal and environmental, the school is the place to obtain, through examples, changes in behavior so desired by our society. We wish to establish a precedent from this work proposal, carrying out the diagnosis of school environmental and their preparation to obtain the ISO 14001 certification, since there is not any accreditation by this standard in schools of Basic Education. Another intention of this research is the implementation of an Environmental Management System (EMS) for an environmental policy and the establishment of objectives and goals for future improvement, thereby improving the overall environmental performance. The diagnoses made in EEPJIS weight up the water consumption, energy consumption, food consumed, the solid waste produced and the quantity of this, the final destination of this waste, or the wooded or not areas and the impervious and permeability areas. Several programs were presented which will optimize the use of the natural resources of school as the programs are introduced. As the EMS was proposed, the Environmental Policy with physical and temporal targets will show actions and inspections to be taken by the own members of the community.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The present work searchs to trace a diagnosis of the main irregularities practised in the transport of dangerous products through an analysis of the main irregularities practised in the federal highways, using as tool the statistical data raised together to the Federal Road Policy and the depositions of a sampling of Policemen who had contributed with its practical experiences. Aiming at to interact the three involved segments, or either, dispatcher, transporter and fiscalization, workshops still searched the manifestations presented in two that they had counted on the participation of the legislators of the ANTT, technician and entrepreneurs of the transport sector. Statisticians prove that the road transport of dangerous products has generated diverse risks to the man and the environment, having caused material damages, as well as the a health and to the life. Being common to identify the practical one of the transport of these products without the fulfilment of the effective legal requirements. Although the legal devices that regulate the subject in question are complex and of matrix strict technician, making it difficult its interpretation on the part of the operational user, the results had demonstrated that the practised irregularities more are related the operational deficiencies, being distinguished with bigger amount of cultivated fines, representing 38%, the applied ones to kits of emergency and identified EPI's being as more frequent irregularity the lack of some itens that they integrate kits and 26% for the emergency fiches, being more common to find them it are of the standard established for the inadequate norm Brazilian or the carried product.

In recent years the number of the constructed concrete marquees with pathological manifestations has grow in Brazil, and consequences have caused them to be structurally weak, which has generally lead to fatalities. As preventive action, it becomes necessary that the projects and construction thereof be improved in quality, that found pathological causes be corrected to prevent the repetition of the same errors, making sure that there is always a feedback of the system and all necessary maintenance is provided. By project analysis of geometric characteristics of the structure, visual inspection and detailed inspection with appropriate equipments, it can be detected existed anomalies and to made repairs and reinforcement of the structure, or even to indicate it demolition. This work represents the results obtained with the methodological implementation of the use of techniques inspection, norms and regulations that deal with constructed concrete skyways, with concern to guarantee their durability and, consequently, enhanced security for pedestrians. The studies had been carried through in the cities of Bambuí and Uberlândia. In the city of Uberlândia visual inspections of 54 marquees had been made, whereas in the city of Bambuí it became fulfilled visual inspection and inspection detailed in 10 of these structures, being used equipment of rebar locator, ultrasonic testing, measurer of corrosion potential of reinforcing bars and resistivity meter.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The objective of this paper is to present the results of the connection between a substrate and self-compacting concrete with underwater launch simulating the repairs to concrete structures submerged in various applications. Therefore, we used samples of "old" concrete structures extracted from the Power Plant Itumbiara the state of Goiás, which was considered substrates. The concrete used in this work follows the parameters established strengths in the research completed in 2003 by the laboratory of Furnas Centrais Elétricas and has been adjusted to the materials (gravel and sand) found in the city of the Minas Gerais. The results are from the sample concrete of vertical and horizontal joints of the bodyspecimens prismatic concrete substrates and kept submerged and extracted after a year, so almost complete hydration. The analysis relating to the launch of concrete indicate that it is entirely feasible production for small applications. Visibility during the concreting was hampered by increased turbidity of the water produced by the concrete, so you must reduce the presence of a direct flow of water in concrete. The analysis was by comparing the results of the testimonies and bodies-of-proof. We observed an increase in strength in direct relation to the diameter of the testimony. In the samples concrete of 50 mm x 100 mm was obtained a coefficient of variation of 9.00% giving the concrete a low variability. The testimonies of concrete compounds and submerged concrete substrate (with seal inclined) had a resistance value 84% over the bodies-of-proof. The tensile strength by diametrical compression of the testimony amounted to 54% of the reference value. Can also check the interface between substrate concrete and after the break.

This work presents a study on a network of environmental monitoring of the element fluorine in the municipality of Araxá, MG. We used two methods: through active biomonitoring Lollium multiflorum cv: Lema and alkaline plates, a physical-chemical monitoring. The network is monitored 21 points, each point with three pots with three plants and alkaline plates. Every 14 days of exposure, consecutively and continuously, were collected plants and alkaline plates to obtain the results. The results of alkaline plates but also of plants were arbitrarily classified: very low, low, medium, high and very high. For the subsequent data processing was done for the two statistical methods used. Both methods have tracking statistical comparisons taking into account the whole network on the classification used, and then all points of the network against the other. This last application statistics led us to find the equality of responses: 49 in biomonitoring and 79 in plate alkaline. Although more detailed evaluations in the monitoring network was ranked side in their positions: NW, NE, SW, SE, and avoiding injury recomparada comparisons between the different classifications of points in different positions. Therefore, 5 points were able to be subtracted from the network without prejudice to the monitoring application: Currency (DIV), Eucalyptus 7 (EP7), Dam B5 (BB5), the Massif B2 (MB2), reducing the network by 5 points. The database assembled with weather information and production was able to explain the results of the behavior of F in plant tissue (mg/kg): CB4 (R2 = 0.87), CEA (R2 = 0.60), BRS (R2 = 0.80), PRE (R2 = 0.84). The biomonitoring system shows, as the main environmental variables can interfere in the presence of F in the atmosphere: air humidity, rainfall and wind.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The Southwest of the Brazilian State of Minas Gerais is nationally known by the production of quartzite used as floor and wall covering. The extraction of the quartzite in the region, even when obey the determinations of the ambient agencies, generates a great amount of waste. The waste generated in the extraction and processing of the slates is an enormous problem for the society. The objective of this research is to characterize the quartzite waste to verify the possibility of its use as concrete coarse aggregate. The work concerned the definition of the places and the collect of the samples, samples petrographic appreciation, production of aggregates, samples technological characterization and confection of the concrete in laboratory. The results obtained in the technological characterization of the quartzite samples and of the concrete had been satisfactory, with exceptions in the elongated and flaky fragments by use of the jaw crusher for processing and of the potential deleterious reactivity of the quartzite with the alkalies in the cement CP II-Z-32 and CP V.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The objective of this work is to study the external reinforcement of concrete slabs, using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP), through numerical simulations and topology optimization. The topology optimization enters as a tool for determining the optimal distribution of the reinforcement. Due to the high ratio strength / specific weight of CFRP, we can increase the strength and stiffness of structural elements without significant increase in the weight. The simulations were performed by using Finite Element Method. Several geometric configurations, boundary conditions and loading were analyzed. The cracking of the concrete was considered in the analysis, because this effect influences the structural behavior of the slab. For some cases of concrete slabs, the reinforcement was calculated in the Ultimate Limit State, in order to compare the conventional and optimized distributions. Gains in terms of stiffness and strength of the reinforced piece have been verified. Comparison with conventional method shows that the use of topology optimization can lead to an economy of reinforcement material, with the same structural performance.