RCAAP Repository

Environmental education is an essential tool nowadays, as it aims by raising public awareness, a significant change of values in relation to the production of solid waste. In general, customers circulating in the hallways (Mall) in Shopping, discard dumps invarious types of recyclable waste, without due concern for the proper way to final disposal and environmental problems arising from this type of disposal. Thus, this study was diagnosed with the generation of solid waste from a midesize Mall of the State of Minas Gerais, and also suggest alternatives for improving management. The research allowed to draw a profile of the generation of waste at the mall in three days of sampling as well as the food court allowing the construction of a monthly profile of waste generation and especially the allocation to each type of waste gets. It turned out that the destination of the waste generated by the shopping is done incorrectly, confirmed leakage of slurry in the waste disposed at the docks which indicates that the waste is disposed in a local considerable time. As mitigation measures and control of environmental problems checked, it was proposed alternatives such as selective collection, sorting and selling recyclable materials, containers with lids to the docks, containers suitable for lamps, screening materials and carton in an appropriate use of dryer for organic waste with a potential market for animal feed production plants.

One of the most critical issues in terms of urban drainage is related to channels overflow that drain urbanized sub-basins. Under these conditions, the flows induced by rainfall are amplified by the effect of urbanization, with anticipation of the peak times and increase in flow. When these flows to reach the talwegs from sub-basin, there is a transient effect of propagation of floods in channels macrodrainage. The overflow occurs when the depth exceeds the height of the chute. In such cases, the water invades the floodplain, creating areas of flooding that, as a rule, are defined after the occurrence of floods, for stains left on walls of surrounding buildings. The purpose of this dissertation is to present a numerical methodology to make predictions of areas affected by flooding in urban sub-basins. The proposed method is based on three fundamental types of models: hydrological, which establishes the relationship between precipitation and flow, the hydraulic, which calculates the flow inside the channel; and the terrain model used to estimate the flooded areas. The proposed methodology requires the characterization of the basin, the use and occupancy, the equation of rain and temporal distribution of the storm. The geometric characteristics of the channel should also be raised as well as the contour surrounding the channel. In applying, we used a sub-basin of the town of Rio Verde, GO. The methodology has utility in the preparation of Urban Drainage Master Plans, because it is possible to estimate flooded areas generated by several scenarios, such as urbanization intensification with occupancy of permeable areas, the reduction of time of concentration of basins, or the analysis of different return periods of rainfall. Changes in the characteristics of channels, such as height increase of the chute or the transversal section expansion with the construction of reservoir, and the effects of these changes in the reduction of flooded areas, can also be tested with this methodology.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The home detention reservoirs for temporary storage of rain water have been proposed as a new control measure discharges in urban runoff. This work studied the effect of implementing these reservoirs damping in a neighborhood of the city of Uberlândia (MG), located in the Córrego da Lagoinha basin with the scenario of urbanization through hydrological simulation program developed in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Were designed and used home three reservoirs: the first and largest, has been designed with full insertion of the precipitation to rain initial return period of 10 years and tested for rain maximum design of 100 and 200 years, having a damping volume to 5.015 m3, while the other two were rated partial insertion of precipitation, by using a box server, to a rain initial return period of 05 years and tested for maximum rains design of 100 and 20 years, respectively where their damping volumes were 3.25 and 1.50 m3. The results for the three reservoirs hydrologic simulation showed that the attenuation of the peak flows to their maximum rains, the efficiencies were 32.23%, 24.27% and 15.47% for the reservoirs 5.015 m3, 3.25 m3 e 1.50 m3, respectively, and delayed the peak time of 50.81%, 34.0% and 19.61%.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The present work aims to study the waffle slabs taking into account the simplifications in the analysis of their behavior. The simplifications used concern the analysis of waffle slab by the equivalent solid slab, the considerations on the flexibility of the support beams, and the treatment of continuity between adjacent panels of slabs. The research supports in the experimental analysis, in the results of studies published, in the standard codes for design of reinforced concrete to base the simplifications adopted. One waffle slab in actual size and its equivalent solid slab are tested. The test results for the waffle slab are compared with the processing of the slab through computer programs for structural design. The costs of slabs in two buildings are compared when it adopts the simplified analysis method or grillage model.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

In the mid-sixties there was a boom in civil construction and at that moment it was possible to observe a considerable increase in the activities in this area. Similarly, we currently witness an important period in civil construction in Brazil, in which a great amount of investment was made by the Federal Government, allowing the construction of large-scale in all the national territory, principally of the Social Interest Dwellings (SID). This overview demonstrated that the constructive methods have to be developed for the completion of the chronograms, the improving of the quality and the reduction of environmental impact. However, as well as in previous decades, great part of the systems adopted in Brazil still refer to traditional construction processes and, according to what was determined by CAIXA, they are called conventional processes, that is, performed with constructive systems that have already been regulated. In the Triangulo Mineiro region is not different, great part of the constructions of the SID refer to the conventional way, executed with structures and foundations in reinforced concrete, ceramic blocks of masonry sealing, mortared coating in a single layer and wood covering structures with ceramic tiles. The point is that the conventional systems normally have a series of deficiencies related to the conception of the product, the insufficient project detailing and the enormous dependency on the knowledge of the labor execution workers. The pattern establishing is clearly difficult, together with the high level of labor using and the consequent low level of mechanization; the bad quality of some materials, principally the ones resulted from the direct nature extraction; and mostly, the incomplete projects and the inexistence of planning, do not permit the civil construction to be executed, practically speaking, in a rational way. Therefore, the reason why so many companies that construct the SID choose the traditional processes is questioned, even knowing that it is necessary to reach a more sustainable production in terms of the environment, increase the quality and the productivity in construction. This way, it is necessary to turn the attention to the improvement of quality and the rising of the industrialization level of the traditional constructive processes, which still represent a great part of the market, as well as the search of implementation of non-conventional constructive processes. Due to this demand, this work presents the analysis of the implications of adopting such processes in the execution of the SID in large scale, through the analysis of projects, procedures and losses in the productive process of a one-story-dwellings enterprise, executed in the city of Uberlandia, aiming the rationalization to obtain better results in quality and less generation of waste.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The increasing demand for raw materials in construction, especially those drawn from nature, is of great concern due to harmful impacts it produces. The use of recycled aggregates can be a sustainable and contribute to the preservation of natural resources, contributing to the sustainable development of the construction industry. The residue from the ceramic tile has been studied for various applications, attracting great interest from researchers due to the need for innovation in materials and methods. Published works have identified the generation of waste from the manufacture of tiles, the ceramic industry in considerable amount thus justifying the need for its use. The self-compacting concrete - CAA is a material that has been used increasingly in construction, hence the interest in producing this type of recycled aggregate concrete with tile - ART. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability to produce recycled aggregate concrete tile (ART) with moderate resistance. This study aimed to evaluate properties in fresh and hardened state in a CAA produced with a fraction of thick ART and bystanders in thin 0.15 mm sieve opening of this same material, by the use of superplasticizer last generation as a way of adding value to this waste and contribute to the sustainability of the sector. The measurement was performed by a method developed for this type of aggregate based on existing methods. In the fresh state tests were performed density, air content embedded scattering, Box U test and test tube U. In the hardened condition assays were performed velocity of ultrasonic wave propagation, resistance to axial compression, static modulus of elasticity in compression, density, water absorption and void index. The results indicate that it is feasible to use in ART CAA for certain purposes.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The presents study results of the addition of sulfonated polystyrene, derived from discarded plastic cups as additive in mortars. The mortar were studied with polystyrene content of 0.0, 0.2, 0.6, 1.0 and 1.4% (relative to the mass of cement). CPV - ARI Portland cement and sand washed were used at rate 1:4 by weight. It was determined consistency index, water retention, water absorption, void index, static modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, tensile strength in bending and adhesion. The mortar modified with the additive showed increase in the porosity, tensile strength in bending, adhesion, plastic capacity and water retention. Furthermore the use of polystyrene leads to decrease in the density, the modulus of elasticity and in the capillary water absorption with increasing content of sulfonated polystyrene, which may indicate that even by increasing the number pores in the mortar, the pores are not communicated among themselves and the polymeric film had contributed for the mechanical properties.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

As the use of public transportation in medium and large cities becomes more and more popular, the number of urban bus stations connecting transport systems increases dramatically. As a result, the continuous traffic of heavy vehicles has produced disturbing noise levels inside the stations. Hence, the main goal of this research is to develop and implement statistical models for the prediction of the overall noise levels inside the bus stations. They are multiple regression models based on experimental data obtained from acoustic field measurements. In addition, some parameters are related to the noise generation and to the limits of acceptable community noise levels. It is also suggested an alternative solution to the problem by using noise control techniques at the source. The statistical models were then validated by comparing the results with those found in the literature. The main assumptions and limitations of the models are also discussed. This research was undertaken as a result of the need to improve the available analytical tools for the prediction of traffic noise inside buildings. There are significant opportunities for further development and implementation of the models derived in this study.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais