RCAAP Repository

This research seeks to analyze the process of urbanization of precarious settlements, which involve policies, plans and projects, in the face of the dynamics of irregular occupations in watershed areas. The research contributes to the understanding of the urban and environmental policies that affect the Billings basin in its stretch located in the city of São Paulo, highlighting the Billings Specific Law (State Law No. 13.579/2009), Mananciais Program, Strategic Master Plan (Municipal Law No. 16.050/2014) and Land Installment Use and Occupation Law (Municipal Law No. 16.402/2016). In addition, we seek to analyze the convergence of municipal and state urban instruments, as well as the sanitation and urbanization program of this area for the establishment of an urban and environmental requalification for the precarious settlements. Based on the case study of Cidade Júlia, a region defined as an Environmental Recovery Area 1 (ARA 1) and that was the object of an urbanization project by the Mananciais Program, we seek to understand the advances and challenges facing the urban dynamics of this place, especially considering the fact that the actions taken in these spaces minimize the progress of irregular occupations in search of more sustainable ways of living with the environment.

The present thesis aimed to analyze how environmental citizenship models the State, notably a State of Environmental Law that emerged in Brazil, with emphasis on citizen participation in the management of conservation units. This may resignify the very relationship of humans to nature. In this context, the study of extractive reserves, a unit of conservation of sustainable use, was taken as a reference, when analyzing its management, to demonstrate the challenges of consolidating democratic practices identified in its deliberative councils. The analysis of the evolution of the relation between the human being and the nature is fundamental to understand a paradigm change in the appropriation of the nature resulting from an irreparable fault in the form of its exploration. In contextualizing this discussion, it was initially observed the formation of the State and its development, considering the very evolution of citizenship, from the perspective of the colonization of Brazil. The study of the development and trajectory of citizenship was carried out in order to understand the issue of social participation, the struggle and conquest for rights throughout history, including considering the evolution of citizenship from the Brazilian reality. The study made it possible to verify the importance of environmental education in citizen training and awareness of environmental duties and rights, including the historical formation of an environmental justice understanding through the participation of social groups, creation and formation of public policies to better involve civil society and the need for historical analysis of traditional populations and communities, considering their cultural identity, relations with nature, their own economy and specific relations regarding the territory they occupy and with society in general. Thus, it was important to verify the evolution of the legislation regarding policies to protect traditional communities, guarantee their rights and strengthen their participation in environmental issues, analyzing the difficulties specifically faced by extractive reserves, participation in their management and deliberative councils, considering its historical constitution, involvement of traditional communities, understanding of its legal process of creation. The research methodology considered consultation with the ICMBio through electronic means, which was frustrated by the lack of response, against the principle of information, with prediction in both constitutional, infraconstitutional and international agreements. In the absence of information, another analysis is carried out in graphs available in the reports of institutes regularly created to regulate extractive reserves, allowing the evaluation of citizen participation, from the processes of creation of extractive reserves to the implementation of the co-management through its deliberative councils and execution of management plans, identifying democratic practices that comply with the principles and objectives of a State of Environmental Law based on citizen participation. Even though deliberative councils and management plans are highlighted, their implementation does not occur in the same proportion, making it difficult to identify advances in the implementation of extractive reserves, although the participation of the traditional population in the extractive reserves has followed a path of relation between human beings and nature and affirmation of environmental citizenship, especially regarding the management of the conservation unit.

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível

This research is dedicated to study the interventions of the different municipal Governments in Nova Jaguaré slum area, understanding the relationships between public politics in the area of social housing and the structuring of Nova Jaguaré slum and seeking to understand how the informal occupation of the territory, closely related to the relief morphology, and the actions and institutional proposals for the area, constituted the urban space in question. The beginning of this work seeks to understand the emergence of slums in Sao Paulo, their origins, transformations, and its consolidation as an integral element of urban morphology. It traced the historical path of the case study presented in this work, the Nova Jaguaré slum. We highlight the Jaguaré Industrial Center, an entirely planned neighborhood that by having an unused public park area. Allowed intrusions on site beginning the process of slums. It is analyzed the urban structure resulting from the slum process of the area, highlighting its shortcomings, conflicts and potentialities, indicating elements, relationships and operations established by the slum population on the physical natural environment and built elements. The results of this research have a social and environmental significance, because the findings will serve to nurture new design processes slum upgrading and social housing.

The ephemeral condition of contemporaneity, the fluidity of interpersonal relations, the emphasis on urban design and the presence of gaps in urban planning contributed to the suppression of the human scale of the urban context, thus providing a scenario of physical and social transformations. The degradation, underutilization and abandonment of urban areas make it impossible for public spaces to exercise their primary function of inducing vitality, exchanges of experience and social interaction among people. The main objective of the research is to explore and consider the relevance of the application of creative urban practices in the current urban context, through the study of the impacts of these interventions in public spaces, mainly through collective engagement. In order to prove the real benefits and positive impacts of creative practices in public spaces, three programs were implemented in the metropolitan area of São Paulo (Centro Aberto, “A Batata precisa de Você” and Inova Cajamar), which enabled the transformation and activation of the where they were inserted, improving social indexes and creating new forms of use. Tactical actions appear as a mitigating tool for this process of urban deterioration, based on a more inclusive and dialectical approach to urban planning. This concept is challenged to promote new urban dynamics through, in principle, ephemeral, low-cost and highly flexible initiatives, which can then be transformed into concrete actions. Therefore, encouraging the implementation of certain initiatives, practices and interventions in urban space is an essential tool to combat the extinction of urban life and the gradual decay of public spaces.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie

In the last decade, innovation has been regarded as one of the main strategies of enterprises to obtain competitive advantage, becoming a strategic issue in management. Thus, the term culture of innovation has long been employed in academic and business circles, especially in the sense of being a means propitiate of innovation development. However, a literature search showed that culture of innovation is a complex and recent topic that needs more research, and also identified that there is no specific studies on Brazilian companies small and medium sized businesses. Thus, this research aims to identify the cultural manifestations of industrial innovative small and medium size, it is possible to infer a culture of innovation, which provides product innovation in such firms. We conducted a survey of organizational culture by identifying cultural events proposed by Martin (2002): "cultural forms", "formal practices", "informal practices" and "content themes". These manifestations inferred from innovation culture. Therefore, we carried out a qualitative research, and study method multicase applied in three considered innovative companies that develop and manufacture innovative products, winners of FINEP Innovation Award. We used multiple sources of inferences for data collection: semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation and document analysis. 25 interviews were conducted. The analysis was performed according to the categorization process proposed by Flores (1994), opting for a open categorization, so that the analyzed data revealed manifestations more freely as possible. The results showed that the elements of common culture of innovation and the three companies surveyed that are providing innovation were, especially a "formal and informal learning", formal practices of human resources training and education and "selection and hiring , followed by "employee participation" and "market orientation". Although it is common for the three companies, the survey identified that each company has come a different way to build such elements, i.e. each company has its "ingredient" specific to innovate. Furthermore, research has shown that the performance of the founding leaders was one of the factors that contributed to the development of a culture of innovation.

Wear is the factor that causes most faults and reduces the life of forming tools, as well as resulting in products with intolerable surface conditions. The increasing demand of the industry for lower costs, higher productivity and better quality are among the justifications for finding ways to increase performance in forming tools (punches, dies, reliefs and extractors). In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate surfaces designed for wear resistance, observing characteristics necessary for their use in cold forming tools. The focus on wear resistance is due to the fact that when making grooves in the tool, it must be removed for polishing, edging and radius correction, reducing its life. For this, a comparative characterization and behavior study was performed on the abrasive wear of two types of steel: AISI D6 and S790 Microclean®. AISI D6 steel is produced by conventional metallurgy, having been tempered and tempered to HRC 60-62 hardness range, receiving no further treatment. The S790 Microclean® alloy is sintered and produced by HIP (hot isostatic pressing), with initial microstructure tempered and annealed for hardness in the range of HRC 61-63. This alloy received surface treatment in two stages, initially low pressure gaseous nitriding, followed by the application of a coating of AlCrN (chromium and aluminum nitride) by the process of physical deposition of plasma assisted steam. This technology is called the Duplex process. The stamping process used as a raw material the chromium foil used in the manufacture of caps for glass packaging. The chromium sheet consists of a laminated "sheet" of low carbon steel, with chromium deposition by the electrolytic process. This surface does not have a high resistance to corrosion, but is very resistant to sulphuration with excellent adherence to certain varnishes and compared to tinplate is lower cost for products of low acidity such as metal caps for glass pots for peas and vegetables in general. Initially the VF800AT steel supplied in annealed state was tested for comparison to AISI D6 steel. The VF800AT steel is applied in tools for stamping, pressing, extrusion, cutting, thread rolling rolls, cold forming and all material processing applications below 250°c, especially at room temperature, where they are High tensions are involved. The VF800AT Steel has a chemical composition specially developed to provide good wear resistance associated with high toughness. It has high temperability and can be tempered in air or in oil, including heating in a vacuum furnace. Compared to the D-series steels, the VF800AT is less prone to cracks induced by machining or EDM process, because thanks to its lower carbon and chromium content, it has smaller primary carbides and a lower volumetric fraction. This alloy was subjected to heat treatment of tempering within the range 1,020 º C to 1,040 º C, followed by two tempers of 1 hour at the temperature of 520 º C. Subsequently, a new machining was performed for dimensional corrections, followed by coating application through the PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) process. In this stage of manufacture it was found that the VF800AT steel did not present good dimensional stability varying around 0, 015mm, after the heat treatment and after a period of one week in operation the coating presented cracks and began to yield and Unfeasible to use this alloy in this application. To achieve the objective in terms of the performance of the tools, it was necessary a material in which there was good adhesion of the chosen coating, in addition to a high dimensional stability, because with each sharpening the material is subjected to 450 ℃ for new application of the PVD coating. The option was the steel S790 Microclean®, steel manufactured by sintering, with high resistance to wear and toughness, compressive strength and that had good dimensional stability, achieved with the thermal cycle of quench and tempering employed in this Study. The choice of this material also took into account operational problems such as the presence of black soots or foreign bodies adhered to the sheet metal, with great potential for the generation of risks in the finished product. The increased surface hardness of the tool was achieved by applying coating by the PVD process well adhered to the nitreted surface. The nitriding followed by deposition by the PVD process, carries the duplex name, and the higher hardness of the nitreted layer in relation to the base metal makes it decrease the hardness difference between the deposited layer and its substrate. The puncture of S790 Microclean® proved to be effective for the intended purpose, reducing the production waste that was ± 10 hours in a period of 24 hours, for ± 1 hour in a period of 16 hours and the number of defective parts that was 0.3% of the production (± 1,600) to 0 1% (± 620), preventive maintenance of punctures went from bimonthly to semiannual and the labor for classification of non-conforming products was also reduced by around 38%.

Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

This paper aims to identify how does regulation affect comercial banks profitability and market structure, from the perspective of the Structure-Conduct-Performance paradigm and Theory of Economic Regulation. Panel data analysis were used containing all banks that operated with commercial portfolio between 2000 and 2017. To treat banking performance, it was used as dependent variable the return on equity (ROE). The Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) was used as proxy to analyse market structure. As independent variables, in addition to those related to bank efficiency and macroeconomic environment, traditionally addressed by the empirical economic literature, variables related to government regulation were included. The results point out that Targeted Credit negatively affects bank’s profitability. Despite of this, variables related to regulation, such as Compulsory Deposit, Targeted Credit and relevant regulations with potential to create barriers to entry (treated in models as dummy variables), were statistically significant, positively impacting market’s concentration levels. Data also suggest that although it does not directly affect market’s profitability, regulation indirectly influences it by contributing to a greater market concentration.

Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

Brazil has a deficit of transport infrastructure that needs to be solved by the State through public planning and investments. Private initiative, even after the adoption of neoliberal measures since the 1990s, has not invested in infrastructure because of the high interest paid on public debt securities, thus not making long-term investments. The implantation in Brazil of a mistaken economic policy of high interest and primary surpluses removed the capacity of planning and investment from the State. Neoliberal governments dismantled the Brazilian state. Without state investment and without private investment, there was the chaos of national infrastructure. There was also a marked asymmetry of information in the relations between the public sector and the private sector, the capture of the state by economic power and the emergence of a new patrimonial state. Insufficient transport infrastructure has resulted in a bottleneck that impedes Brazil's economic and social development and the consequent noncompliance with the fundamental objectives of guaranteeing national development, eradicating poverty and marginalization, as well as reducing social and regional inequalities, as provided for in art. 3 of the Federal Constitution. Investment in transport infrastructure not only promotes economic development, but above all social development, with repercussions on employment, health and education. The positive externalities resulting from the investment in an adequate transport infrastructure justify the formulation of a public policy to build, modernize and expand highways, railways, waterways, ports and pipelines as a national priority. The factors impeding the investment, planning and execution of an efficient public transport infrastructure policy were verified, and from this, the solutions were formulated. The result obtained points to the need for institutionalization of transportation infrastructure planning, changes in economic policy and obtaining resources to enable state investment. Among the solutions proposed, it is worth mentioning the creation of a fund to finance public investment in transport infrastructure, funded by the resources derived from fuel taxation.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The propagation model to be chosen in the design of a digital terrestrial broadcast station is a critical point for predicting the coverage area. There are several models, with specific characteristics that may be better than others in certain situations. This dissertation presents a study of the choice of propagation model, through the use of artificial intelligence (AI). A brief review of the SBTVD (Brazilian System of Digital Television), the complexity operation in SFN (Single Frequency Network) and the most widely used propagation models in the literature. The comparison of propagation models was elaborated with the field measurements and simulations by the Progira coverage prediction software, which works on an ArcGis geoprocessing platform that considered the criterion of smallest average error (absolute mean deviation, standard deviation and root mean square error) between the field measurement and the software simulation. The propagation model ITUR P. 1812-3 had the best average performance. To optimize the analysis of choice of propagation models, an AI method was developed by machine learning, classification learning, so that the computer can formulate aspects of human intelligence and have the ability to choose the best propagation model for each study area, not restricted to sites measured in the field. The Support Vectors Machines and Nearest Neighbor Classifiers learning models displayed a significant improvement of the average error in comparison to the model of propagation of smallest average error

Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie