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The disordered growth of some cities such as Sao Paulo exemplifies the culture of a spreading territory that grew, and continues growing in a sectored manner and with low densities, resulting in social exclusion and environmental impact. The current implementation of a planning strictly based on urban regulations, focused on the land use and occupation act, seems not to be able to mitigate these effects, mainly for directly impacting on land and property values, leaving to the real estate market the power of configuration and development of the city. Therefore, as an alternative intervention, the Transit Oriented Development (TOD) arises as a model of urban planning and design linked to public transport, which intends to provide the reorientation of policies and strategies on urban planning and design through development of compact and high-density neighborhoods, with mixed use, services, and active and safe public spaces, which promotes population social interaction. Based on the city of Sao Paulo, this research was developed in the context of the 2014 Strategic Master Plan, and its proposal of the future train station of Line 7 (Ruby) of CPTM, named Bom Retiro. Within this essay, topics such as smart and sustainable cities; densities; urban mobility and compactness; and mixed uses will be raised mainly through the Urban Transformation Structure Axes, which received this name because of its orientation towards public transport systems, and because it is a strong inducer of qualitative urban regeneration, not only for its powerful functions, but also for its great immediate surroundings reconfiguring potential, which reflects the entire urban territory. The present research approaches subjects based on the study of the authors Acioly and Davidson (1998); Calthorpe (1993); Chakrabarti (2014); Glaeser (2011); Meyer (2015), Leite (2012; 2014; and 2015); Nelson and Niles (2006); Nobre (2004); Rogers and Gumuchdjian (1997); among others; through the analysis of urban plans (PDE 2014) and mobility ones (Urban Transport Integrated Plan for 2020 and 2025, and Mobility Plan of 2015); and finally through the proposal stage of reading and applying TOD in the urban territory, following the rules of the new Master Plan and the Land Subdivision, Use and Occupation Act. The intention of this research is to provide parameters for the application of urban planning instruments and strategies, so these ones will enable cities with better urbanity.

This study has as objective to analyse the contractual law according to the principle of the objective good-faith in its main aspects. From the presumption that the autonomy of the will, as well as the classic concepts of obligation, judicial relation, breach of contract in the configuration the liberalism has given them do not reflect any more the contractual dynamics. The objective good-faith is revealer of concepts which were proved in the Brazilian judicial ordering with the Code of Consumer Protection and more recently with the new Civil Code. The objective good-faith, developed under the technique of the general clause, allows a bigger mobility to the system which turns to follow the fast social changes. Therefore, a new line of conduct is imposed for the contractors, based on ethics , loyalty, honesty, faithfulness to impose the meaning and the execution of the contract. Both parts of the contract, due to this principle and this new contractual point of view, must behave themselves in order to reach the objective of the contract, co-operating and respecting each other in order to get to the aimed point.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

The theme of this work is the professional life of Eduardo Kneese de Mello (1906-1994) presented through his architectonic activity and focusing on the works and projects of collective dwelling. It marks the architect as an active character, indispensable to make public the power of the Modern Brazilian Architecture that happened in São Paulo as of 1940. It shows his contribution to the Brazilian architecture, linking the quality of his work to the texts he wrote and his fierce effort in the process of expanding the teaching of Architecture and Urbanism, including the defense and legal consolidation of the professional responsibilities of the architect. Through the analysis of eight projects, this work shows Eduardo Kneese de Mello´s, at times pioneer, contribution to collective dwelling in São Paulo.

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Three minor electoral reforms have been enacted by Brazilian judicial order with the purpose of modifying provisions referring to the Electoral Code, the Law of Political Parties and the Election Law. These have, to some extent, regulated the dynamic, organisation and the functioning of political parties. The recent Federal Law No. 13.165/15 re-introduced new mechanisms to be observed by the political parties, viz spending limits and financing of electoral campaigns, administrative procedures before the Electoral Court, party affiliation, electoral propaganda, the participation of women, accountability, candidate registration etc. In addition, three Proposals for Amending the Constitution are going through the Federal Legislative Houses, incorporating the latter and other more varied mechanisms; some which had nevertheless previously been rejected, such as the adoption of a proportional list system and majority per district, the performance clause, proportional coalitions and length of mandate. It is true that with each new legislature, the aforementioned subjects have found their way back onto the agenda as a means of addressing popular discontent with the electoral and party processes in force. Political parties have ended up taking centre stage in this discussion. They may even, if the recent historical-political experience is anything to go by, lose their vigour but not their eternal life. Ultimately, they are the ones who are directly responsible for the implementation of the process of political representation, recognising the importance of coming to power via the legitimate channel and the full exercise of democracy. They support it in fact. And it is for the importance they take on the contemporary electoral scene, especially in the case of Brazil, that political parties receive the present homage, duly accompanied by the rejection of the imposition of mechanisms restricting their functional activities by the current legal system, even if the models of restrictive action undergone in the past are repeated.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Decision-making is part of the routine of any person; which may come from simple choices to the most structured ones. In business environments decisions are considered to be rational - however it is possible to notice that often decisions are made based on a subjective list of unclear or illogical selections. In addition, the decision maker is also influenced by the environment to which he/she is inserted, as well as the social interactions related, leading to decision made under uncertain scenarios, via the utilization of simplified "shortcuts" to the choice of the alternatives. Decision can also de triggered by emotions or impulses, responsible for quick and "in the spur of the moment" responses, however known to be uncontrolled, unreasonable and premature - which can be understood as impulsivity. This study aims to identify the role impulsivity plays in decision-making, from the perspective of financial managers, and in the way it can be associated in the development of the decision-making competence. The study is based on the frameworks available for understanding the process from the classical point of view of decision-making based on the concept of "homo economicus", as well as the economic models of decision arising from that: bounded rationality, Theory of Expected Utility and Prospect Theory. Cognitive models of linear and bidimensional decision-making are also listed, providing inputs to "open the black box of decision” via the insertion of the role emotions, affections, behaviors and impulses play in the decision process. The qualitative study applied the non-probability sampling method intended for the data collection of the semi-structured interviews. Five financial managers were interviewed, from fields such as Controllership, Risk, Treasury and Corporate Finance; and the data was further analyzed via the content analysis technique. It was identified positive aspects of impulvisity towards decision-making, from agility and risk propensity standpoints; such as negative aspects associated with the influence of cognitive biases and social influence, over (or under) confidence, conflicts of interest and lack of rationality. Actions focusing on the development of decision-making competences in the light of the impulsive behavior were proposed by managers; subsequentenly leading to suggestions of opportunities for further studies, and the inclusion of behavioral disciplines in the curriculum of undergraduate and graduate studentes in Accounting.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The usage of computing resources available to students can be improved, and instructional systems supporting theoretical subjects can be developed in order to provide the interactivity (learn-by-doing) and, therefore, take advantage of fluency and interest of Digital Generation for many types of digital media on behalf of education. Theoretically based on human factors and cognitive processes, Multiple Intelligences, Learning Styles and features of Digital Generation have been studied. Technologies, such as, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Serious Games, Simulators and Learning Objects, have also been analyzed as options for computer-assisted education, with a final outlining of an optimized model to meet the demand of educational systems on a makeable manner and to create virtual didactic materials. In order to demonstrate such model, a system was developed in order to verify applicability of the model. The creation of Interactive Learning Objects is, thus, shown as an assisting resource to the traditional method of teaching.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

O estudo foi iniciado através do levantamento e entendimento da conformação da cidade de São Paulo como metrópole brasileira, tendo sempre como foco a região central paulistana. Esse local, durante um curto espaço de tempo, passou pelas mais diversas mudanças, tanto no meio urbano quanto no meio social. Entendeu-se o processo de declínio do centro como um grande conector entre o meio urbano e a comunidade LGBTQI+, abordando assim todos os aspectos que permeiam essa comunidade, estabelecendo uma relação direta com o centro da capital. Como grande objeto de estudo, para que houvesse uma proposta arquitetônica, foi direcionado todo esse olhar sobre a cidade e a comunidade LGBTQI+, no perímetro que forma a região do Largo do Arouche, analisando e comparando com a região da Rua Frei Caneca e Rua Augusta, que também possui uma grande influência dessa população.

This work presents as its central question the investigation of the public spaces of the city downtown area, with its different aspects and its development, through different propositions and projects, over time. Taking the construction of a timeline as a starting point, the period was divided (from the beginning of the railroad operations in São Paulo, to the present day) in different segments. It was established a segmentation of the chapters in this work, through the search for common characteristics in the proposals methodological approaches regarding the public spaces of the city. The temporal divisions allow the exploration of common aspects in the approaches of public administrations, in relation to the central spaces of the city, while facilitating the understanding of the set of elements that characterize that space (the Centre) over the years. Using a historiographical methodology, through the organization of data collected through primary and secondary sources, it is intended to highlight some specific projects representative of the different divisions adopted in the work, for a more in-depth study capable of finding universalizing characteristics, capable of explaining the broader functional and economic structures behind interventions at the city historic central neighbourhoods.

The city of São Paulo, during its initial three hundred years of History, was only a settlement for mule-trains. Localized between the coast and the unknown hinterland, which was rich in gemstones, the city has always assumed a strategic role being a center of crossing roads, during the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In the middle of the nineteenth century, already at the imperial period, the city witnessed changes in the economic dynamics and assisted the economic valuation of what is considered the green gold: the coffee. Replacing sugarcane as the main export agricultural product, coffee moved itself towards São Paulo through the Vale do Paraíba and strongly expanded to the hinterland area of São Paulo, which required the implementation of a more efficient transportation system, also capable for efficiently transposing the Serra do Mar slope. The construction of the Santos-Jundiaí Railway, implemented under the concession of the São Paulo Railway Company Ltd, marks a new era for the city of São Paulo and gives it a new predicative: The ‘Metropolis of the Coffee’, due to the intense transformations that the city began to observe from the end of the nineteenth century until the first decades of the twentieth century. Neighborhoods also begin to change during the railway construction due to the installation of railway workshops that housed engineers and workers. In this sense, it is proposed as theme of this dissertation an analysis of the modifications provoked by the construction and subsequent operation of the Santos-Jundiaí Railway in the surroundings of what we now know nowadays as Lapa, in the western zone of São Paulo. These analyzes are based on a recent line of research, in which one can analyze fragments and vestiges that the transformations have left. In this sense, it is hoped to understand how the railway was a key element in the process of transforming the old Lapa farm in the neighborhood as we know it today.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Disponível online: https://soundcloud.com/everton-pires-750512852/sets/rimas-perifericas-batalha-de- rap

The cognitive and behavioral assessment of preschool children does not yet occur in most Brazilian states, despite the importance of detecting problems related to mental health in this age group. Behavioral problems can be internalizing or externalizing, and can be related to cognitive factors, such as attention and executive functions. Studies point out relationships between the occurrence of behavioral problems and cognition, especially in neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, the present study sought to verify the relationship between behavioral problems, attention, and executive functions in preschooler, in addition to analyzing the differences in these variables according to sex, school year, type of school and socioeconomic condition. A cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive, quantitative study was carried out with a sample of 52 students aged 4, 5 and 6 years old, regularly enrolled in Pre-School I and II, from two schools in the state of Rondônia, one public and one private, besides their parents and teachers. The instruments used in data collection were: a) Child Behavior Checklist for ages 1.5 to 5 years (CBCL/1.5-5); b) Caregiver-Teacher Report Form (C-TRF); c) Trail Test for Preschoolers (TTP); d) Cancellation Attention Test (TAC). Data analysis was conducted using R Core Team statistical software. Descriptive analyzes of the results obtained from the test were carried out, as well as inferential tests to verify the differences in the results obtained according to the children's characteristics (Kruskal-Wallis test) and to verify the association between variables (Spearman's correlation coefficient). The main results found were: 1) The scores obtained by the sample were within the normal range in comparison to the normative sample of the instruments; 2) Teachers do not indicate differences in children's behaviors depending on the school year, type of school, or family's socioeconomic level, but report more attention problems in boys than in girls; 3) Parents of students attending public schools report more behavior problems than those from private schools; 4) There was no difference in the children's performance in the TAC and TTP according to sex, school year, type of school, or socioeconomic level; 5) Attention test results showed a negative correlation with the score of behavior problems indicated by the teachers (C-TRF - Attention Problems, Externalizing Problems, and Total Problems), and with the attention problems reported by the parents on the CBCL/1.5-5. This study is a pioneer in northern Brazil, for the first time it was sought to study the cognitive and behavioral skills of preschoolers in this region. Results corroborate with findings from other locations in Brazil, opening up possibilities for new research and evaluations in the region