RCAAP Repository

Microcredit has emerged to meet the financing needs of working capital or fixed assets of low-income entrepreneurs, devoid of real guarantees. However, the resources are not always applied as expected. Given that the Solidary Group support is in personal relationships between members and personal relationships are inherent in the dignity of meetings, this study aimed to understand the fate of the application of micro-credit resources, through the dignity of meetings, established between the members of the Solidarity Group, Paraiba. The research was conducted on the orientation of the interpretative paradigm by desk research, a discussion group, twenty interviews with members of Solidarity Groups, fifteen interviews with loose Solidary Group members, four interviews with microcredit agents and field observations. The analysis and interpretation of data were held up through interpretive content analysis. The results indicated that dignity is historical-cultural (Sarlet, 2009b) and overrides the dignity meetings (Jacobson, 2009) to explain the use of resources.

The aims of this dissertation are studying the importance of fiscal stability for Brazil and for the Brazilian fiscal federalism brought by the 1988 Constitution of the Republic and also of a new federative pact having stability and growth as its objectives. Through the description of automatic fiscal transfers established in the Constitution and of the revenues of the federation entities, the behaviour of the public finance in the federation in the latest decades and the justification for the adoption of the fiscal responsibility law will be studied. An analysis of the main laws of public finance control in Brasil will be made, under the perspective of verifying whether they represent a contribution for the maintenance of fiscal stability and how is their relationship with the Brazilian fiscal federalism. The causes of fiscal disequilibrium in a federation and the importance of achieving fiscal stability will be verified by studying of the economic theories and the laws existing in the United States of America and Europe. From the detailing of budget deficit control laws in Europe, and the stability path for the launch and the maintenance of the Euro, an analysis will be made of the possibility of improving public finance laws in Brazil in order to enhance a preventive search for fiscal stability and a new federative stability and growth pact in Brazil, and the development of mechanisms to monitor the fiscal behaviour of federation entities, warning and dissuasion, with the adoption of fines and the creation of fiscal stability funds.

This paper aims to present a Protestant Reformation as one of the most important policies of modernity. Taking a reading of Martin Luther's key political indicators, to identify his political ideas and actions. In this sense, Luther's political ideas and actions are triggered as being, to an important extent, the cause of the major political ideologies in modernity. Thus, the part of the decisive moments of the political action of struggle between the Church and the State. In the first place, talk about how the actions immediately changed the destinies of the Church in Germany and, shortly after, of Europe. This article presents the historical processes which contributed to ideas and actions of Luther perpetuated without time and shared by many institutions contributing to the progress of the Protestant Reformation. This is the first level, its possible to the actions of actions of politologies in modern modernism.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

This study aimed to describe and critically analyze aspects involved in the recruitment, selection and contracting for the work of people with disabilities in private companies. The study aimed to identify and describe the practices of private companies for placement of persons with disabilities in their respective areas of work, and understand and analyze the position of private enterprises in relation to the law determined percentage for hiring people with disabilities. Adopting a qualitative approach, the methodological procedure used was a semi-structured interviews with the previously elaborated. Participated in five (5) private companies in different sectors of the economy, located in the city of Sao Paulo with more than 100 employees and employing people with disabilities. Respondents were responsible for Human Resources Departments of companies. To review the testimony of the participants were defined four categories: employees with disabilities hired, recruitment, selection and recruitment, accessibility, and a quota law. The results corroborate official data of the Ministry of Labor show that the contracting for the work of people with disabilities became significant after the enforcement of the "quota law". Companies is too high percentage of people with disabilities required by that law. The classification of employees, four companies require a college degree, none of which have people with intellectual disabilities in their staffs. Evidence of the need for further research on the subject to obtain other information about the work of disabled people in private companies and the importance of work in the social inclusion of these people.

No ambiente digital, a crítica cinematográfica está presente tanto em veículos que já surgiram na internet quanto naqueles que migraram posteriormente para esse ambiente. Os dois tipos possuem as suas particularidades. Nesse contexto, surgiu o seguinte problema de pesquisa: é possível encontrar semelhanças entre a crítica realizada nos veículos advindos do impresso e os já surgidos no meio digital a fim de fornecer subsídios para a prática da crítica na atualidade? A presente pesquisa teve como objeto de estudo algumas críticas do filme Mank publicadas em quatro veículos distintos, Folha de S. Paulo e Estadão, os quais representam a mídia tradicional impressa, e Omelete e Cinema em Cena, veículos que já foram criados no meio digital. A partir dessa premissa, o objetivo principal da pesquisa foi estudar a diferença entre a crítica tradicional e a que já nasce no mundo digital. Além disso, foram objetivos secundários realizar um panorama histórico da profissão de crítico e da crítica cinematográfica, identificar as principais mudanças ao longo dos anos, comparar os textos estudados e analisar o poder da interatividade. Por fim, destaca-se que, como pressupostos teóricos, foram utilizados os pensamentos de Piza (2010), Braga (2013), Gomes (2006), Heffner (2011), Caleiro (2011), Silva (2019), Correia e Tápia (2016) e Prysthon (2013).

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

This essay discusses access to justice in the construction of citizenship, its normative context and, specifically, the issues deriving from the delay in the issuance of court decisions. This essay highlights the fundamental right to the reasonable duration of the process, as well as analyses the Judiciary as the instrument of state action, and the issues associated to the duration of the process, mainly its impact in the society. To meet that goals, the author discusses possible solutions to implement such fundamental right as the materialization of the ample concept of citizenship. The first section of the essay reviews the old diagnosis that identifies the causes for the excessive Judiciary workload, and the second section discusses access to justice in the 1988 Federal Constitution as the source for such increased workload. The third section aims to present the new outline for the Judiciary, with views that go beyond Law and the new rule of judges in this context; following that the author details the measures adopted to improve the Judiciary system. The fourth section reviews data reported on the Judiciary. The last section of this essay advances proposals to improve access to Justice, including alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. Finally, the author concludes that the right set forth by article 5, LXVIII of the Federal Constitution should not correspond simply to access to courts, but to effective court decisions to the citizen that had to resort to the Judiciary Systems.

This work analyzes the influence of music in the social context and in the worship of the Presbyterian ethnic community Mel da Pedreira. Compares the quilombo worship music with music of African traditional festivals of quilombos in the region, Batuque and Marabaixo, analyzing the liturgical repertoire through research observation, listening and interviews, cultural gifts origins in running community music through four pillars of music: melody, harmony, rhythm and hymnody, in order to contribute to the record of the quilombo identity. What we found is the music product convergence amalgamated cultures between the african - brazilian rhythm, the sertaneja music from the building harmonious rural Brazil and Brazilian popular that effectively induce community behavior in worship, in all its cultural and artistic events and reflecting on community routine.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

The purpose of this paper is to analyze social security protection, especially for workers on the borders of the countries of Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay, based on the Multilateral Agreement on Social Security of the Common Market of the South. international agreement and MERCOSUR. Under the Multilateral Agreement on Social Security (AMSS), the above-mentioned workers had benefits such as pensions, sickness benefits and death benefits. This agreement coordinates various national legislation on social security without generating rights or rules common to States. Its purpose is to create mechanisms for the recognition of social security contributions arising from the work carried out in any of the States Parties to grant the aforementioned benefits. Thus, each country has its own characteristics, and it is up to each representative to give effectiveness to these norms, so that there is social well-being. To reach the objective of this study, the qualitative approach was chosen and the data were collected in documentary bases through a bibliographical research, organized in four chapters. The first chapter includes the analysis of aspects associated with MERCOSUR and international agreements. Following is a discussion on social security in the context of social security. In the third chapter it deals with social security in the other MERCOSUR countries. The last chapter analyzes the Multilateral Agreement on Social Security of MERCOSUR.

A estimativa da taxa de filtração glomerular é um fator importante para determinação da diminuição da função renal. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho das equações de MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) com 4 variáveis e CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) em relação ao clearance de creatinina real em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço em acompanhamento no setor de oncologia do Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP submetidos ao primeiro ciclo de quimioterapia com cisplatina. O presente trabalho foi conduzido por estudo descritivo comparativo realizado pela análise de dados de 54 pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço, sendo 49 do gênero masculino e 5 do gênero feminino, que foram divididos em 3 grupos. O grupo 1 é formado por todos os pacientes, grupo 2 com os pacientes que apresentam o clearance de creatinina menor do que 60ml/min/1,73m² e o grupo 3 com os pacientes que apresentam o clearance de creatinina maior ou igual a 60ml/min/1,73m². A avaliação das equações foi realizada por análise de dados medindo a acurácia, bias e precisão. Nenhuma equação atingiu o parâmetro de acurácia que valida o seu desempenho. Porém a equação de CKD-EPI teve melhor desempenho em relação a equação do MDRD, por ter apresentado os melhores resultados de acurácia e menor viés. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Faculdade de Ciências Médica da UNICAMP (Processo nº 274/2011).

The proposed study has as its main objective to analyze the res judicata as an institute, its constitutional protection, especially with regard to legal certainty, aiming at verifying what are the possibilities of relativizing the tax res judicata with due respect to legal certainty are. The relevance of the study is to verify, within the hypotheses in tax law of relativization of the res judicata, especially cases of standardize tax jurisprudence is in the opposite sense to the res judicata, and how this relativization can occur without violating the legal certainty. In this context, it will be essential to delimit the characteristics of the res judicata, the main implications of legal certainty vis-à-vis the institute, the means available to put into effect the relativization of the tax res judicata, especially the necessity to always observe them for this purpose, and in addition, analysis the judicial precedents which imply effective jurisprudence standardization, as well as the effects and applications of the relativization of res judicata in tax law. Regarding the effects of relativization, it will be demonstrated in which situations it is possible to reach the res judicata, always respecting the legal certainty. The tax effects resulting from the relativization are the main points of the analysis in the light of legal certainty, precisely because these effects reach into past acts and so will be an affront to the principle of legal certainty.

Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a relação entre arquitetura e música, compreendendo aspectos objetivos e subjetivos para sua concepção, e propor um projeto de uma sala de concertos visando à qualificação da área por meio da inserção de uma alternativa de equipamento cultural para a região. O trabalho foi dividido em quatro partes: Primeiramente, no embasamento teórico são abordados princípios acústicos próprios às edificações. Em seguida, é apresentado um contexto teórico musical e o modo como este relaciona-se com a arquitetura ao longo dos anos. Na terceira parte são analisadas salas de concertos que foram concebidas exclusivamente para atender apresentações musicais que envolvam orquestras e coros, são elas: Sala Minas Gerais, Walt Disney Concert Hall e Sala São Paulo. Finalmente, é apresentado o projeto da sala de concerto no bairro da Vila Prudente que foi desenvolvido envolvendo critérios arquitetônicos e musicais a fim de obter o melhor aproveitamento sonoro e integração urbanística com o bairro.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Innumerous studies have being searching to measure the risk component involved in the expected return for capital investments, remarking decades of hard work of many relevant Financial Theory authors worldwide, while being a common activity between analysts of financial institutions and other parts of the market. The object of this work is to contribute to this search, through the evaluation of alternative methodologies to calculate the CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) when submitted to the Brazilian Stock Market conditions, through the application of four methodologies to determine the Beta, three methodologies to calculate the CAPM and eight distinct macroeconomics scenarios. The purpose is to determine equal relations between a group of distinct expected returns obtained and the effective behavior of the asset returns studied in many periods of measurement. It was used the statistic method known as test for differences in two means to compare many series of expected returns obtained and their respective effective returns, getting results that suggests the use of some methodologies and scenarios as valid tools to predict future returns to some financial assets of our market.

This dissertation deals with the right to health. It is pointed out that this right nowadays belongs, due to the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brasil, no longer to the field of natural law, but, precisely, to the field of positive law. The theory of positive law, therefore, gives its support, exclusively, to found the doctrinal conception here expounded. The first purpose is to emphasize that the right to health is a typical human right or, as expressed in the Brazilian Constitution, a fundamental right, since it grows out of the dignity of human being and it is intimately jointed to the basic human right, the right to life. Thus, the second topic to be treated refers to the dignity of human being as one of the constitutional fundamentals of the Law Democratic State, wise chosen by the Fundamental Law to designate the Country. It follows that the insertion of the right to health in the Constitution - it became a constitutional positive right - as a fundamental right it would be a mere consequence of this fundamentals. An analysis of the constitutional order is made, which conveys the conclusion that Brazil is projected to be a Social State, whose construction, however, is still in development. The following matter, consequently, is a study of the characteristics of the Welfare State. The next step analyses two hindrances to the full effectiveness of the right to health: the economic power of the pharmaceutical industries and the inertia or omission of the Government. Finally, it is studied the government public policies as to public health, the jurisprudence of the Brazilian Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal) and the World Health Organization position about fight against the HIV, specially examining ethical questions.