RCAAP Repository

The ephemeral condition of contemporaneity, the fluidity of interpersonal relations, the emphasis on urban design and the presence of gaps in urban planning contributed to the suppression of the human scale of the urban context, thus providing a scenario of physical and social transformations. The degradation, underutilization and abandonment of urban areas make it impossible for public spaces to exercise their primary function of inducing vitality, exchanges of experience and social interaction among people. The main objective of the research is to explore and consider the relevance of the application of creative urban practices in the current urban context, through the study of the impacts of these interventions in public spaces, mainly through collective engagement. In order to prove the real benefits and positive impacts of creative practices in public spaces, three programs were implemented in the metropolitan area of São Paulo (Centro Aberto, “A Batata precisa de Você” and Inova Cajamar), which enabled the transformation and activation of the where they were inserted, improving social indexes and creating new forms of use. Tactical actions appear as a mitigating tool for this process of urban deterioration, based on a more inclusive and dialectical approach to urban planning. This concept is challenged to promote new urban dynamics through, in principle, ephemeral, low-cost and highly flexible initiatives, which can then be transformed into concrete actions. Therefore, encouraging the implementation of certain initiatives, practices and interventions in urban space is an essential tool to combat the extinction of urban life and the gradual decay of public spaces.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie

In the last decade, innovation has been regarded as one of the main strategies of enterprises to obtain competitive advantage, becoming a strategic issue in management. Thus, the term culture of innovation has long been employed in academic and business circles, especially in the sense of being a means propitiate of innovation development. However, a literature search showed that culture of innovation is a complex and recent topic that needs more research, and also identified that there is no specific studies on Brazilian companies small and medium sized businesses. Thus, this research aims to identify the cultural manifestations of industrial innovative small and medium size, it is possible to infer a culture of innovation, which provides product innovation in such firms. We conducted a survey of organizational culture by identifying cultural events proposed by Martin (2002): "cultural forms", "formal practices", "informal practices" and "content themes". These manifestations inferred from innovation culture. Therefore, we carried out a qualitative research, and study method multicase applied in three considered innovative companies that develop and manufacture innovative products, winners of FINEP Innovation Award. We used multiple sources of inferences for data collection: semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation and document analysis. 25 interviews were conducted. The analysis was performed according to the categorization process proposed by Flores (1994), opting for a open categorization, so that the analyzed data revealed manifestations more freely as possible. The results showed that the elements of common culture of innovation and the three companies surveyed that are providing innovation were, especially a "formal and informal learning", formal practices of human resources training and education and "selection and hiring , followed by "employee participation" and "market orientation". Although it is common for the three companies, the survey identified that each company has come a different way to build such elements, i.e. each company has its "ingredient" specific to innovate. Furthermore, research has shown that the performance of the founding leaders was one of the factors that contributed to the development of a culture of innovation.

Wear is the factor that causes most faults and reduces the life of forming tools, as well as resulting in products with intolerable surface conditions. The increasing demand of the industry for lower costs, higher productivity and better quality are among the justifications for finding ways to increase performance in forming tools (punches, dies, reliefs and extractors). In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate surfaces designed for wear resistance, observing characteristics necessary for their use in cold forming tools. The focus on wear resistance is due to the fact that when making grooves in the tool, it must be removed for polishing, edging and radius correction, reducing its life. For this, a comparative characterization and behavior study was performed on the abrasive wear of two types of steel: AISI D6 and S790 Microclean®. AISI D6 steel is produced by conventional metallurgy, having been tempered and tempered to HRC 60-62 hardness range, receiving no further treatment. The S790 Microclean® alloy is sintered and produced by HIP (hot isostatic pressing), with initial microstructure tempered and annealed for hardness in the range of HRC 61-63. This alloy received surface treatment in two stages, initially low pressure gaseous nitriding, followed by the application of a coating of AlCrN (chromium and aluminum nitride) by the process of physical deposition of plasma assisted steam. This technology is called the Duplex process. The stamping process used as a raw material the chromium foil used in the manufacture of caps for glass packaging. The chromium sheet consists of a laminated "sheet" of low carbon steel, with chromium deposition by the electrolytic process. This surface does not have a high resistance to corrosion, but is very resistant to sulphuration with excellent adherence to certain varnishes and compared to tinplate is lower cost for products of low acidity such as metal caps for glass pots for peas and vegetables in general. Initially the VF800AT steel supplied in annealed state was tested for comparison to AISI D6 steel. The VF800AT steel is applied in tools for stamping, pressing, extrusion, cutting, thread rolling rolls, cold forming and all material processing applications below 250°c, especially at room temperature, where they are High tensions are involved. The VF800AT Steel has a chemical composition specially developed to provide good wear resistance associated with high toughness. It has high temperability and can be tempered in air or in oil, including heating in a vacuum furnace. Compared to the D-series steels, the VF800AT is less prone to cracks induced by machining or EDM process, because thanks to its lower carbon and chromium content, it has smaller primary carbides and a lower volumetric fraction. This alloy was subjected to heat treatment of tempering within the range 1,020 º C to 1,040 º C, followed by two tempers of 1 hour at the temperature of 520 º C. Subsequently, a new machining was performed for dimensional corrections, followed by coating application through the PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) process. In this stage of manufacture it was found that the VF800AT steel did not present good dimensional stability varying around 0, 015mm, after the heat treatment and after a period of one week in operation the coating presented cracks and began to yield and Unfeasible to use this alloy in this application. To achieve the objective in terms of the performance of the tools, it was necessary a material in which there was good adhesion of the chosen coating, in addition to a high dimensional stability, because with each sharpening the material is subjected to 450 ℃ for new application of the PVD coating. The option was the steel S790 Microclean®, steel manufactured by sintering, with high resistance to wear and toughness, compressive strength and that had good dimensional stability, achieved with the thermal cycle of quench and tempering employed in this Study. The choice of this material also took into account operational problems such as the presence of black soots or foreign bodies adhered to the sheet metal, with great potential for the generation of risks in the finished product. The increased surface hardness of the tool was achieved by applying coating by the PVD process well adhered to the nitreted surface. The nitriding followed by deposition by the PVD process, carries the duplex name, and the higher hardness of the nitreted layer in relation to the base metal makes it decrease the hardness difference between the deposited layer and its substrate. The puncture of S790 Microclean® proved to be effective for the intended purpose, reducing the production waste that was ± 10 hours in a period of 24 hours, for ± 1 hour in a period of 16 hours and the number of defective parts that was 0.3% of the production (± 1,600) to 0 1% (± 620), preventive maintenance of punctures went from bimonthly to semiannual and the labor for classification of non-conforming products was also reduced by around 38%.

Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

This paper aims to identify how does regulation affect comercial banks profitability and market structure, from the perspective of the Structure-Conduct-Performance paradigm and Theory of Economic Regulation. Panel data analysis were used containing all banks that operated with commercial portfolio between 2000 and 2017. To treat banking performance, it was used as dependent variable the return on equity (ROE). The Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) was used as proxy to analyse market structure. As independent variables, in addition to those related to bank efficiency and macroeconomic environment, traditionally addressed by the empirical economic literature, variables related to government regulation were included. The results point out that Targeted Credit negatively affects bank’s profitability. Despite of this, variables related to regulation, such as Compulsory Deposit, Targeted Credit and relevant regulations with potential to create barriers to entry (treated in models as dummy variables), were statistically significant, positively impacting market’s concentration levels. Data also suggest that although it does not directly affect market’s profitability, regulation indirectly influences it by contributing to a greater market concentration.

Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

Brazil has a deficit of transport infrastructure that needs to be solved by the State through public planning and investments. Private initiative, even after the adoption of neoliberal measures since the 1990s, has not invested in infrastructure because of the high interest paid on public debt securities, thus not making long-term investments. The implantation in Brazil of a mistaken economic policy of high interest and primary surpluses removed the capacity of planning and investment from the State. Neoliberal governments dismantled the Brazilian state. Without state investment and without private investment, there was the chaos of national infrastructure. There was also a marked asymmetry of information in the relations between the public sector and the private sector, the capture of the state by economic power and the emergence of a new patrimonial state. Insufficient transport infrastructure has resulted in a bottleneck that impedes Brazil's economic and social development and the consequent noncompliance with the fundamental objectives of guaranteeing national development, eradicating poverty and marginalization, as well as reducing social and regional inequalities, as provided for in art. 3 of the Federal Constitution. Investment in transport infrastructure not only promotes economic development, but above all social development, with repercussions on employment, health and education. The positive externalities resulting from the investment in an adequate transport infrastructure justify the formulation of a public policy to build, modernize and expand highways, railways, waterways, ports and pipelines as a national priority. The factors impeding the investment, planning and execution of an efficient public transport infrastructure policy were verified, and from this, the solutions were formulated. The result obtained points to the need for institutionalization of transportation infrastructure planning, changes in economic policy and obtaining resources to enable state investment. Among the solutions proposed, it is worth mentioning the creation of a fund to finance public investment in transport infrastructure, funded by the resources derived from fuel taxation.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The propagation model to be chosen in the design of a digital terrestrial broadcast station is a critical point for predicting the coverage area. There are several models, with specific characteristics that may be better than others in certain situations. This dissertation presents a study of the choice of propagation model, through the use of artificial intelligence (AI). A brief review of the SBTVD (Brazilian System of Digital Television), the complexity operation in SFN (Single Frequency Network) and the most widely used propagation models in the literature. The comparison of propagation models was elaborated with the field measurements and simulations by the Progira coverage prediction software, which works on an ArcGis geoprocessing platform that considered the criterion of smallest average error (absolute mean deviation, standard deviation and root mean square error) between the field measurement and the software simulation. The propagation model ITUR P. 1812-3 had the best average performance. To optimize the analysis of choice of propagation models, an AI method was developed by machine learning, classification learning, so that the computer can formulate aspects of human intelligence and have the ability to choose the best propagation model for each study area, not restricted to sites measured in the field. The Support Vectors Machines and Nearest Neighbor Classifiers learning models displayed a significant improvement of the average error in comparison to the model of propagation of smallest average error

Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie

Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

IPEN - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares

This study aimed to identify the pricing model in the wholesale channel of a supermarket company because of the variables that make up the marketing mix, the price is that most affects competitiveness, sales volume, margins and profitability of companies. The retail industry is very competitive and demanding, the search for supermarket chains to offer the best products at a fair price and get a desirable profit margin represents a major challenge. The wholesale format appears as a selling opportunity in the self-service system that operates with a wide variety of products and stores for customers to carry their purchases at the lowest price and in large quantities, even with the wholesale distributor that works with sales teams running door to door deliveries. With a qualitative approach, this exploratory study were interviewed managers of commercial department in the categories of drinks and commodities, as these categories are generating higher sales and profit, therefore, essential for the business. The survey results show that there is a certain pricing model for the company but for the categories studied, managers believe that the Brazilian market does not meet these expectations due to the level of speculation prices, especially for customers who shop large volumes, so to achieve the result of certain profit, managers must negotiate high volumes to make the investment needed to achieve your goals.