RCAAP Repository

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Oral history practitioners have lately turned to conducting interviews in open spaces, challenging one of the method’s premises: that a dialogue is so much more intense and productive the more reserved the place where it takes place. In this article, I employ a number of examples of public interviews conducted by researchers based in universities and by creators who work in contiguous spaces in order to raise a few hypotheses about the impulses that lead to this methodological option. Then, I analyze two situations, both linked to the universe of public art, which contribute to the refinement of methodological reflection on the potentials and limits of public interviews and, more broadly, to the practice of oral history and public history as a whole.

Trata-se de uma recensão, pelo que não tem resumo.

Studies on policy diffusion have become more attractive and relevant as a way of understanding innovations and changes in public policy. Under this concept, we explore one of the most striking cases of institutional diffusion in Latin America: the process of transformation of Latin American universities linked to the reform movement that shook the University of Córdoba, in Argentina, during 1918. The principles of this reform inspired important institutional changes and continue to be central on the discussions about tertiary education in the region. Most of its precepts (political autonomy, student co-government, extension and social commitment) live today and are defended as fundamental pillars of the Latin American university. Thus, the main question that this article asks is: what is the contribution that the expansion of the university reform movement can make to diffusion theory? Our answer is that studying the diffusion of the Cordoba Reform allows to more deeply understand two very important dimensions in the circulation of ideas. First, the evidence allows us to delve into the role of the domestic context. The context is usually pointed out as a restriction on the diffusion process (it explains the distance between the original and the copy). However, in this case the ideational context favored the adoption of the reform. Second, historical reconstruction helps to understand more fully the role of entrepreneurs, in general, and that of a specific type of actors: activist networks, in this case, the student movement.

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The History of women has highlighted the multiple experiences of women in the past, but also the plural and multifaceted character of their struggles. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th the women, feminist or not, adhered to different agendas that went beyond the claim for women’s rights such as republicanism and abolitionism. The empathy for non-human animals, victims of scientific experiments and used as guinea pigs by the industry, during this period, also led many of them to become vegetarians and join to the antivivisectionist struggle; in Brazil, feminist and anarchist intellectual Maria Lacerda de Moura was one of these women. In this article, we seek to understand her positions and her relationship with these struggles from analyze of her work Civilização Tronco de Escravos, published in 1931.

The history of Porto Alegre’s carnival, beginning of the 20th century - represented by the Esmeralda and Venetian carnival societies, is published in this article through the perspective of gender studies. As evasive women, we come to be like Marias, modest and redeeming, and are attached to the symbol of moral regeneration in carnival. The queens of the associations are allegories of this transformation. Thus, the present article aims to discuss how representations of women elaborated by the carnivalesque discourse, centered on the figure of the queen of the carnival society, when analyzing the verses given by the published associations, published in the press of the time. Discourse Analysis was used as a tool to find meaning in the social messages contained in the verses. With this study we intend to show that the history of gender relations allows us to allow supremacy resistances of power discourses of androcentric systems of representation, to show representations of women that legitimize a hierarchy of genders over time.

This work is interested in investigating and identifying the logic of sensitivities and identifications that, to some extent, explain the success of the, “chick-lit / soft porn” novels, which invaded the Brazilian publishing market from the end of the 20th century to the present day current. This literature, made by women and aimed at the target audience of female readers, flood the physical/virtual shelves of bookstores with stories full of sexual and loving relationships, often described in profuse scenic details. This research uses the best-selling mercantile category to think of sales criteria above society’s regular reading averages. The focus of analysis was centered on the idea that such best-selling literature “chick-lit / soft porn” is a producer and reproducer of some speeches about the power relations between the genders and some forms of possible sexual experiences. Thus, the naturalized textual and symbolic representations of this literature nowadays incorporate an authorized source of consumption of narratives about eroticism, pleasure and love for women.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the appropriation/impact of “counter-colonial” (SANTOS, 2018) approaches on historical research on gender relations in Brazil. Resuming the main questions that women’s history and gender studies have made do History, since the mid 1960s, and considering the importance of theoretical and epistemological contributions developed over the last decades by post colonial, subaltern, decolonial, uncolonial, south-south and global south studies, that raise a series of problems about inheritances of colonialism as hegemonic and euro-centered thought-practice subjectivity, the article intends to reflect on the possible impact/ accommodations of these issues on the spaces promoted by researchers/historians of women, gender and feminism in Brazil. Thereunto, we aim to analyse the proposals of the thematic symposia submitted to national events of the National Association of History (ANPUH), between 2001 and 2019, the main history event in Brazil, in order to discuss the effects of counter-colonial perspectives on the Brazilian historiography of gender. Discuss the effects of counter-colonial studies on the brazilian historiography of gender.

For several years the field of so-called Recent History has gained special legitimacy, at least within Argentine historiography. As numerous investigations have shown, in Argentina in the 1970s, women were active participants in various social and political-military organizations. However, after the democratic recovery of the eighties and a good part of the nineties, the narratives that gave an account of such participation were made invisible. From these coordinates, in this article we propose to make some theoretical-methodological reflections on the links between gender and memory in recent history. We will point out, on the one hand, the contributions that the history of women with a gender perspective conferred on traditional historiography. On the other hand, we will reflect on the links between gender and memory in the narratives of women and men political activists. Finally, we will make a brief tour of the productions that from the field of recent history have analyzed the sixties and seventies in our country.

This article sets out to investigate the relationship that existed between the diffusion of the maternalistic discourse, promoted by doctors, politicians, priests, philosophers, and the decline of the wet nurse profession in nineteenth-century Montevideo. From a gender analysis, an attempt will be made to identify the power ties represented in the treatment and discipline of the bodies of these largely black, mestizo and foreign women. For this, the press, police records, letters, medical reports and bookstore catalogs will be analyzed, looking for traces of the maternalistic discourse (coming from medical hygiene) that tried to criticize and devalue the work of the wet nurses who had been so useful and fashionable during the XVIII century and part of the XIX.

This article aims to discuss the possibility of photo romance had been a space in the perpetuation of values, woman and man ways of being, sharing, thus, the subjectivity of constitution of their readers. Therefore, we analyzed twenty photo romance broadcast in Capricho magazine, copies of the 1950s and 1960s. The material analysis allowed that some functions of photo romance were identified: participation in the process of urbanization and modernization of its readers, evasion space / escape from daily activities and also dissemination of moral codes and conduct. Finally, it is noteworthy that despite the existence of a normative discourse, one cannot ignore the agency of readers. The ownership of broadcast content must be understood as an active process and, therefore, allows for different interpretations and appropriations of the same story.

Between the years 1980 and 1990, several Latin American countries, like Argentina, Brazil and Chile, returned to the democratic path. Nevertheless, it was during this same period that many adopted or strengthened neoliberal projects. This profound political change, marked by the diminished role of the State, was accompanied by a rapid expansion of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and the incorporation of some points on the feminist agenda by the State. This new socio-political order resulted in the process of “onguization”, that is, structural changes that started to model the NGOs, which started to develop projects, financed by international cooperation agencies, containing, in most cases, specialized and paid teams. Many social movements have become institutionalized, including Latin American feminist collectives. This fact led to important questions about the movement’s capacity for autonomy and the effectiveness of such projects in transforming the female reality. That is, it was questioned whether this new field of action would cause a replacement of the former activist by the “gender specialist”, reducing the tonic of feminist engagement. Faced with these questions, this article seeks to present how this debate appeared in the magazine Brujas, published by the Asociación de Trabajo y Estudio de la Mujer “25 de noviembre” (ATEM), in Buenos Aires, Argentina, between 1983 and 1996.

This paper addresses aspects of the history of gender and sexuality nonconformity in Northeast Brazil in order to understand how transgender people reconstruct meanings of femininity, masculinity, and tradition. The authors investigate the gay beauty pageant circuit in the northeastern state of Ceará, starting from its contemporary context and retracing it through the memories of those who starred in the first such pageants in the 1950s. The methodologies used for this study include ethnography, oral history, and archival evidence from printed newspapers and trans producers’ and artists’ personal collections. Ultimately, it is found that gay beauty pageants perpetuate a Ceará imaginary focused on gender and sexuality nonconformity that intersects with sectors of the beauty industry. In addition, these events represent spaces of militancy and sources of visibility and affirmation of transsexuality. On the other hand, we observe the pursuit of a beauty standard, referred to as “spectacular femininity,” that reinforces hegemonic notions of beauty and fosters disputes for legitimacy. Finally, we understand the gradual construction of an imaginary about Ceará and other regions of the country, particularly the Northeast.

The purpose of this article is to conduct a brief reflection on the almost total exclusion of women in the historiographic field, more specifically in the areas of press history and in the scope of intellectual history productions in Brazil and Argentina, especially with regard to discussions on the 19th century. In addition, it aims to analyze the performance of women in the press, during the early years of the 1850s, in female-owned journals and a feminist perspective. To this end, it uses the periodicals Jornal das Senhoras, published in Rio de Janeiro, between 1852 and 1855 as a source; La Camelia and Album de Señoritas, both published in Buenos Aires, the first being published in 1852 and the second in 1854. From the analysis, it appears that the performance of women in the 19th century press provides a reinterpretation of social plots in Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires and the historiographical problematizations show the need to expand the approaches taken by the history of the press and by intellectual history, also including the action and production of women in the Brazilian and Argentine historical processes.

The theme of this article originates from the doctorate about the painter Inah D´Ávila Costa (1915-1998), who, despite her relevance in the constitution of the artssystem in the city of Pelotas (RS), obtained a late recognition and remained invisible for a very long time. We seek to investigate the reasons for this lack of recognition, using Gender as an analytical category (SCOTT, 1995; 1998; 2002) of feminist criticism in Art History, particularizing the Brazilian case (SIMIONI, 2008; BARROS, 2016). To illustrate this discussion, we present the impact of Inah’s modern artistic language in the conservative Gaucho context, seen through two milestones in her career, as a teacher and artist, in the late 1950s and early 1960s. These events are examined in the light of Inah’s own perspective, observed in her letters, linked to the analysis of the repercussion of these same events by the specialized critic of the time

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The purpose of this article is to understand the expansion of the concept of “negationism”, which, in recent years, has not been restricted to contesting the existence of the Holocaust, but has been extended to other areas of knowledge, both inside and outside history. Faced with such a broad perspective, the repercussion of the negationist narrative in the historiographic field is highlighted, raising the hypothesis that the need to counter such discourse led to an epistemological clash within the discipline, even in the late 1990s. it is intended to investigate how the negationist narrative has gained legitimacy in the last ten years through social networks and the rise of conservative policies, highlighting the importance of the active role of historians and their craft in this moment marked by the necessary positioning regarding the dissemination of such proselytizing readings about the past