RCAAP Repository

O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever as mudanças na estrutura de comunidades de algas perifíticas durante o processo de colonização e sucessão, em período chuvoso, indicando suas espécies descritoras. O local selecionado para a realização deste estudo foi o rio do Corvo (22º39'S, 52º46'W), um afluente do rio Paranapanema localizado próximo à barragem do reservatório de Rosana, na região noroeste do Paraná, Brasil. Coletas do perifíton em substrato artificial e medições de dados abióticos foram realizadas no período de 21 de novembro a 12 de dezembro de 2003, em intervalos de três dias. A identificação e quantificação das algas foi feita em microscópio invertido, utilizando-se o método de Utermöhl. Para análise da dinâmica sucessional, foram considerados: riqueza de espécies, densidade total, abundância relativa dos táxons, espécies descritoras, diversidade de Shannon-Wiener e equitabilidade. As flutuações observadas na densidade total foram determinadas principalmente por Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae e Zygnemaphyceae. Maiores valores de abundância na comunidade de algas perifíticas foram registrados para espécies pequenas de diatomáceas, abundantes durante todo o período, consideradas colonizadores eficientes e de crescimento rápido, assim como para cianobactérias e algas verdes filamentosas (Oedogonium spp. e Stigeoclonium spp.), de crescimento mais lento e mais abundantes nos estádios tardios. As primeiras estão entre as r-estrategistas, enquanto as últimas estão entre as C-S estrategistas (algas mais competitivas em sistemas mesotróficos e estáveis). A diversidade de Shannon-Wiener foi elevada (2,2 a 3,1), com o maior valor constatado na terceira semana de desenvolvimento sucessional. Com base em análise de componentes principais, as concentrações de nutrientes, o pH e a turbidez foram os principais fatores abióticos relacionados ao processo de sucessão.

A viagem de Martius e Spix pelo território brasileiro no século XIX gerou diversas obras, entre elas uma publicada em latim por Martius sobre plantas medicinais aqui então utilizadas. No trabalho datado de 1843, Martius lista mais de 800 espécies, ordenando-as em um sistema de classes de substâncias. Esta importante fonte de informações sobre plantas medicinais e para estudos em etnobotânica histórica foi traduzida para o português por Henrique Velloso d'Oliveira em 1854, com o intuito de torná-la mais acessível aos leitores em geral. A tradução apresenta graves inconsistências com o comprometimento da citação das espécies, incluindo criação de nomes botânicos a partir de comentários taxonômicos do autor original, omissões e adições de usos, propriedades, preparos, indicações, comparações, interpretações, além de outras questões botânicas. Alguns erros de tradução sugerem o desconhecimento de questões taxonômicas e morfológicas, contribuindo ainda mais para a descaracterização do original. A tradução altera o original a tal ponto que deve ser desconsiderada para fins de estudos sobre as plantas medicinais no Brasil. O texto original no entanto continua sendo uma rica fonte de informações sobre este tema.

This paper presents new nomenclatural combinations in Brazilian Lycopodiaceae, necessary for an upcoming conspectus of the family: there are 39 new combinations in the genus Phlegmariurus, and one in Pseudolycopodiella. Two taxa, formerly treated as varieties of Lycopodiella alopecuroides, are raised to status of species.

Little knowledge has been gathered on ferns and lycophytes occurring in the semi-arid region of Brazil known as the Caatinga, perhaps due to the widespread idea that a semi-arid climate would be incompatible with environmental demands of ferns and lycophytes (high humidity and shade). Ferns and lycophytes are represented in the semi-arid region of Brazil by at least 41 species, 20 genera and 11 families, distributed in the northeastern states (except Maranhão) and Minas Gerais. In this region, most of the species were recorded in moist, shaded microhabitats: cracks in rocks, ravines in shaded areas, springs, temporary lakes or areas with temporarily flooded soil. Although the majority of species recorded are widely distributed throughout Brazil, the high representation of aquatic species and low representation of epiphytes demonstrate the unique identity of the fern and lycophyte flora of the semi-arid region.

<p><b>OBJECTIVE:</b> This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three different types of strength training in the variables: maximum dynamic force; muscle onset; time and functional reaction performance in 41 elderly women during 12 weeks.<br> <b>METHODS:</b> The sample (65.4 ± 5.8 years) was divided randomly in three groups: Traditional Strength Training (TFT) (n = 14), Training Power (TP) (n = 14) and Reactive Power Training (TR) (n = 13).<br> <b>RESULTS:</b> The results showed an improvement in 1RM of knee extension (p &lt;0.01) from the previous to the post 12-week trainee program showing no difference between groups of strength training. At the end of 6 weeks the onset RF muscle was significantly decreased in the groups TR and TP, the VL and reaction time (RT) was significantly lower in TR and this last group showed a better performance during the sit-ups in 30s than the groups TFT and TP (p &lt;0.05).<br> <b>CONCLUSION:</b> The reactive strength training showed itself to be more effective to the improvement of the muscles responses as the reaction time and onset muscular in elderly women; therefore it showed better results in the functional test sitting-standing during 30s than in the traditional and in the power training group.</p>

<p><b>OBJECTIVE:</b> This study aimed to investigate the effects of different physical exercise protocols on body composition and body density in individuals over years-old in S&atilde;o Carlos (SP), Brazil.<br> <b>METHODS:</b> The study consisted of 81 volunteers (51 women and 30 men), who were equally divided into three groups: multicomponent training group, resistance training group and control group, which was not submitted to any intervention. The protocols lasted six months. Fat percentage, waist circumference and body mass index were collected before the intervention period and after six months. Statistical analysis was conducted using software MINITAB.<br> <b>RESULTS:</b> The Anova single factor showed no significant difference between the groups in any variable, however the test power was low. Using paired t-test to determine differences between the first and the second assessments within each group, we found a significant decrease of body mass index in women from multicomponent group and waist circumference in women from the resistance group. A two sample t-test demonstrated only significant difference between genders at the same group in fat percentage, with high values in women for all groups.<br> <b>CONCLUSION:</b> The present study showed long term effects of multicomponent and resistance protocols. Both protocols were able to maintain body composition and body density in six months in senescent individuals; however an additional nutritional intervention and the use of more sophisticated assessments could enhance the benefits.</p>

<p>The objective of this study was to verify the potentially inappropriate medicines taken by elderly people during sintomatic cold and flu. The identification of medicines was performed by the Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Specialties (DPS) 2011/2012 and after were identified according to Beers criteria, updated in 2003 and supplemented in 2008. 320 medicines were identified, considering replications, 77 different substances were identified, 9 (11,69%) are considered potentially inappropriate for elderly people and are in 65 (20,31%) of pharmaceutical alternatives available for treatment of influenza and cold. The use of inappropriate medicines make elderly people more susceptible to the drug-related problems, especially the occurrence of adverse reactions. These conditions are even worse in the treatment in treatment of influenza and cold, the medicines used are easily accessible because they don't need prescription and often are used as self medication. It is essential that all health professionals, especially prescriber and pharmacist find alternatives to reduce the inappropriate use of medicines and self medication, contributing for rational drug use and finding ways to improve elderly people quality of life.</p>

<p>Human life expectation increases significantly over the years, such that people aged over sixty are growing in population proportion. This study aimed to investigate the benefits of physical fitness that the practice of Pilates provides to elderly. The research was conducted through the databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline and Scielo, using the keywords "Pilates", "elderly" and "aging". We selected studies talking about aging, and those related to the effects of Pilates in this population. We considered only the observational and the experimental studies to analyze the effects of Pilates in the elderly. From the eight selected articles, it was observed that the Pilates Method has provided significant improvements in levels of flexibility, muscular strength, balance, personal autonomy and quality of life in older people. The Pilates Method is an exercise program favorable to minimize or reverse the negative effects of aging and improve the necessary levels of physical fitness for elderlies.</p>

<p>The increase of life expectancy has led several concerns about people's quality of life, especially in the health area. In this context, there is an increase in the incidence of chronic degenerative diseases, as such as osteoporosis. This research aims to conduct a theoretical study about the pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies available for the preventation and treatment of this disease. This study becomes important as it intends to show the main pharmacological and non-pharmacological drugs used in the treatment and mainly in the prevention of this disease, so prevalent nowadays. The methodology used for this study was a literature review and it aimed to compile the main available information about the theme of the study. Osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disease, characterized by a decrease in bone mass and deterioration of the microarchitecture of bone tissue, resulting in a raise of fracture susceptibility, and it is mainly related to age, affecting men and women. The therapeutic agents used in the treatment of osteoporosis can be divided into two classes: compounds with an anti-reabsorptive action (bisphosphonates, calcitonin, estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators) and bone-forming agents (fluoride, parathyroid hormone, teriparatide). Some newer drugs, as strontium ranelate, are also available for the use in the treatment of this disease.</p>

No summary/description provided

<p><b>OBJECTIVE:</b> To compare the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) with different classification criteria and lipid profile in elderly remnants from Quilombo (IRQ).<br> <b>METHODS:</b> We evaluated 110 elderly, IRQ 54, the criteria for MS was to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATPIII). They were compared to 56 elderly no remnants of a Quilombo (INR) submitted to an interview, and underwent clinical, anthropometric and biochemical evaluation.<br> <b>RESULTS:</b> The prevalence of MS among IRQ was 18.5% and 38.9%, and INRQ was 34% and 64.3% by NCEP/ATPIII and IDF. NCEP/ATPIII, the most prevalent criterion of MS was low HDL-c. Lipid profile of the groups was no difference in total cholesterol (p <u>&lt;</u> 0.037), VLDL (p <u>&lt;</u> 0.001) and triglycerides (p <u>&lt;</u> 0.001).<br> <b>CONCLUSION:</b> The IRQ had a lower prevalence of MS in both settings and lower levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and VLDL-C.</p>

<p><b>OBJECTIVE:</b> Frailty is characterized by increased vulnerability to stressors that results from decreased physiological reserves due to increased disability in multiple systems. This process, coupled with the decrease in the individual's ability to meet the demand imposed, culminating in the appearance of fragility. To identify, among the five items on the phenotype of frailty, which were more frequent in the investigation of Rede Fibra in Belo Horizonte- MG.<br> <b>METHODS:</b> This study is a subproject of Rede Fibra and used a random sample of 199 elderly from the database center of Belo Horizonte. This study was performed descriptive statistics for all study variables. For this, we used the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 15.0.<br> <b>RESULTS:</b> The prevalence of frailty in our sample was 14%, and the most frequent item of the sample was running at low speed in both, the frail elderly (93.6%) as in the pre-frail (88.4%).<br> <b>CONCLUSION:</b> The low-speed running was most common among frail and pre-frail elderly. So, this should be an item that deserves careful observation by health professionals for better conditions to identify possible frailty in the elderly.</p>

<p><b>OBJECTIVE:</b> To evaluate the association between frailty and self-rated health in community-dwelling elderly.<br> <b>METHODS:</b> 79 male and female subjects, aged 65 years or older, living in Belo Horizonte-MG, volunteered for the study. It was administered "rede Fibra" questionnaire from December 2008 to may 2009, by interviewers previously trained. Self-rated health was measured through five questions: self-rated general health, health care, health compared to people with same age, actual health compared to last year and activity level compared to last year. Frailty criteria was the five items of frailty phenotype. Statistic analyses was performed using Kruskal Wallis and chi-squared, with &#945; = 0.05.<br> <b>RESULTS:</b> Sample was composed of 78% female and 28% male with mean age 75.15 ± 6.77 years. Prevalence of frailty was 22% frail, 48% pre-frail and 30% not frail. There was significant statistic association between questions about health compared to people with same age and actual health compared to last year and frailty profile. Only the last question was significant to identify frail elderly with answer "worst health".<br> <b>CONCLUSIONS:</b> Results suggested significant association (p &lt; 0,03) between self-rated health and frailty when evaluated by the question: "Compared to last year, how do you consider your health now?" And the proportion of answers "worst" was higher in the frail elderly group.</p>

<p><b>OBJECTIVE:</b> The aim of this study was to investigate the static and dynamic balance after a training session on the vibration platform in elderly women with different loads.<br> <b>METHODs:</b> Participated in this study fifteen subjects (67.0 ± 4.7 years, 69.1 ± 10.5 kg, 155.4 ± 4.5 cm) underwent eight sessions in which the vibrating platform on separate days, in different frequencies and amplitudes (2 mm/30 Hz; 2mm/50 Hz, 4 mm/30 Hz, 4 mm/50 Hz), were evaluated after the first four sessions, the static balance test by one foot and in four subsequent sessions by the dynamic balance test "timed up and go", checked in the pre, post, twenty minutes and forty minutes later.<br> <b>RESULTS:</b> The data were tested using the analysis of variance ANOVA for repeated measures following by Scheff&eacute; post hoc when p &lt; 0,05. No statistically significant difference was found between the times for any of the protocols for the dynamic and static equilibrium.<br> <b>CONCLUSIONS:</b> The results suggest that acute exercise on vibratory platform does not affect the post-balance in older women.</p>

<p><b>OBJECTIVE:</b> The high number of elderly fallers raises, among other issues, the importance of proper use of assistive devices (DAM): crutches, canes and walkers. Despite DAM aim the improvement in functional independence, balance and the reduction of disability, most patients are not instructed on their proper use and they often use inadequate/damaged models or unsuitable height. Few studies have confirmed the efficacy of isolated prescription of DAM to reduce the risk of falls and few studies have shown the proper way to indicate and adjust them individually. Thus, in order to describe, inform and guide about the proper use of DAM, a literature review was conducted using the databases Medline, Lilacs, Scielo and PubMed, literary references and book chapters wich approached the topic. A total of nine articles and three book chapters were identified. The results showed, for each type of DAM, its indication, use, variations and its characteristics, guidance about walk and transfers and height adjustments. In addition, other relevant issues have been described such as patients' features and limitations, their environment, their social and economic conditions and mostly their functional capacity. The prescription, guidance and proper follow up of DAM by a physical therapist provide better confidence, skill and adherence regarding their use. Possibly, such gain will interfere on patient's daily activities performance and it will act on falls prevention.</p>

<p><b>OBJECTIVE:</b> To present the ongoing researches for biomarkers in Alzheimer disease<br> <b>METHODS:</b> Bibliographic review, starting from 2000, utilizing PubMed data bank.<br> <b>RESULTS:</b> This revision presents the actual evidences of the main markers involved in Alzheimer disease including the molecular (presented in blood and cerebrospinal fluid), the associated with image (p&oacute;sitron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography and magnetic ressonance) and neural networks.<br> <b>CONCLUSIONS:</b> Finding an efficient biomarker will enable significative progress in the clinic evaluation and in the disease development approaches, also, will contribute to the increment of new therapeutic estrategies.</p>

<p><b>Objective:</b> Identify and characterize population-based studies using the SF-12 as a means of evaluating the elderly's quality of life related to health (HRQoL). Integrative literature review about population-based studies that used the SF-12 as a means of evaluating the HRQoL of individuals aged sixty years or older in the last five years.<br> We selected eighteen articles that used the SF-12 to assess prediction of hospitalization and mortality in elderly community, program evaluation and health services, assessments and treatments for health conditions and evaluation of psychometric measures. The population-based studies were composed of community elders. The SF-12 instrument was considered a short, understandable, quick and with good psychometric measures. We recommend their application as an interview to ensure the assessment of HRQOL in the elderly.</p>

<p><b>OBJECTIVE:</b> Frailty is a high vulnerability state and adverse health effects common to the elderly, but it is also strongly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The causes of this association may be inflammation, vitamin D deficiency and anemia. However, as the patient with CKD presents these events independent of age, worrying about the fragility in CKD patients should be a standard practice for patient care.</p>

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<p><b>OBJECTIVE:</b> Evaluation of the population aged 60 years and older in the city of Arapongas - Paran&aacute; state - according to the sociodemographic and health variables.<br> <b>METHOD:</b> A descriptive and exploratory, quantitative, using a semi-structured questionnaire and Katz Index.<br> <b>RESULTS:</b> 9,295 elderlies participants of the study were in the range of 60 to 79 years old, where the females were more often than the males. About the marital status, most of them are married, with schooling less than three years, living with a family composition of two people. Although all of them are retired, a significant portion assumes an alternative source of income. In the health profile, the study subjects did not use tobacco or alcohol, they are independent, do not practice regular physical activity and noticed their health as good or regular. Indicators of morbidity: most subjects reported no falls, and when they occurred, did not cause fractures. The conditions established, the chronic degenerative diseases were the most reported. Regarding the profile of hospitalization causes diseases of the circulatory system were the most frequent, followed by diseases from the digestive system and external causes.<br> <b>CONCLUSION:</b> The subjects' profile is similar to the findings in the literature, but the discrepancies found suggest a possible need of an improvement in the accessibility of elderly to health services.</p>