RCAAP Repository

ABSTRACT Purpose: To understand the relationship between the outcomes of individual learning (IL) of competencies and the outcomes of organizational learning (OL) of competencies, as well as the mediating role of organizational support for transfer (OST) of learning in the conversion of IL into OL. Originality/value: Measurement of OL in relation to IL since, as a rule, research on OL presupposes IL, without stepping back to measure it. Proposing socialization and codification as OL processes, which involves formal and informal learning, and tacit and explicit knowledge. Focus on converting IL results in organizations into learning of the organization, allowing a more accurate assessment of the results of organizational investments in formal and informal learning, considering the current practice of measuring T&D exclusively. Proposing the use of OST to enhance processes and results of IL and conversion of IL into OL. The use of exploratory and confirmatory modeling methods and data from two different organizations are aligned with good practice in the research field. Design/methodology/approach: The hypotheses were tested in two studies, carried out with validated scales, sent by the organizations via a link emailed to the respondents. Study 1, exploratory, involved 203 employees of a public bank and study 2, confirmatory, with 252 employees of a Civil Society Organization of Public Interest (CSOPI). Findings: The two studies show that there were IL and OL, that IL is net learning of competencies desired by the organization (IL1- IL0), that OL is the result of socialization and codification of IL applied to work, that IL predicts OL, and that OST mediates the relationship between IL and OL.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between the abnormal return and R&D expenses in Brazilian public firms. Originality/value: The determinants of firms' abnormal return provide information relevant to investors' decision-making. In this context, we verified whether the innovation, measured by R&D expenses, could be a key factor for the abnormal returns in Brazilian firms. Design/methodology/approach: We analyzed Brazilian public firms, from 2009 to 2016, by panel data regressions, in a sample composed by 1,597 firm-year observations. We collected information about R&D expenses in the footnotes. When a firm only mentioned about R&D expenses but did not disclose spent value in the Income Statement, we consider that the firm did not invest in the period and we attribute zero as a value. We highlighted that few firms mentioned R&D expenses in their footnotes and/or declared that they invested in R&D, only 44 firms in all sample, pointing the importance of better disclosure practices of these investments. Findings: The results demonstrate a negative and statistically significant relationship between innovation and the abnormal return. That is, current R&D expenses lead to a lower current abnormal return. It could be linked with the fact that R&D expenses tend to produce returns just in longer periods, demanding more time to recover these investments, due to their complex characteristics related to accounting measurement of R&D expenses. Consequently, an abnormal return could be perceived only in subsequent periods.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The objective of this study is to understand how the process of absorptive capacity (ACAP) is developed, by analyzing the behaviors and abilities of a group of companies, their routines and processes and the mechanisms of learning and knowledge governance. The companies operate in the metal mechanics sector and they are based in the southern region of Brazil. Originality/value: The relevance consists of the operationalization of component elements and in the development of organizational mechanisms of dynamic capacity (Meirelles & Camargo, 2014), as means of ACAP development (Wang & Ahmed, 2007) in organizations belonging to the metal mechanics sector. Design/methodology/approach: It is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive empirical research, carried out by a multiple case study. It seeks to investigate in detail three organizations of the metal mechanics sector, by analyzing the procedures, resources, mechanisms, and systems, which makes it possible for them to develop absorptive capacities. Content analysis was performed in order to analyze the data. Findings: The researched companies develop absorptive capacity through some behaviors and abilities, such as relationship capacity, learning capacity, and people’s training capacity, and through routines and processes, especially information search routines, market monitoring routines and risk management. Finally, the researched companies develop absorptive capacity by learning mechanisms and knowledge governance, such as researches, information exchange among clients, suppliers and other companies.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This article aims to describe the absorptive capacity (ACAP) of textile manufacturing industrial companies of Sergipe state, Brazil, for the signals captured from the environment, indicating the need for innovation in response to changes in the market. The theoretical bases of absorptive capacity postulate that a company that develops this capacity has the ability to recognize the information value, assimilate it, and apply it for commercial purposes. They can develop skills that allow them to achieve competitive advantage. Originality/value: From the theoretical point of view, the factors that stimulate the apparel companies to recognize, assimilate, transform, and exploit the external knowledge were listed. Regarding the practical contributions, the study can provide references to organizations wishing to extend or develop the absorption of new knowledge, so this can promote improvement in organizational activity and innovation. Design/methodology/approach: For the study, it was built a qualitative data collection instrument. The instrument had been applied in seven companies with innovative characteristics when compared to the local competition. Companies are micro to medium-sized and develop innovations in process and marketing. Findings: The result shows that the analyzed companies look for renewal of existing knowledge and assimilate the external information to adapt and transform their organizational strategies. The exploitation of knowledge occurs from relationships with customers and suppliers, prior knowledge of leadership and organization existing structure. Companies with best ACAP were those who faced direct competition. This fact has created incentives for the search for information to differentiate the companies and make them competitive.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aims to verify the moderating role of managers’ characteristics, age, and tenure (time in the sector, position, company), in the relation between the realized absorptive capacity (RACAP) and the architectural marketing capabilities (CAM). Originality/value: The present study considers the human element as a factor that affects the relations between the capacities of the company. It contributes theoretically to help understand what can impact the formulation and implementation of marketing strategies and theoretically strengthen the role of the human element. As a practical contribution, it has been shown that it is not enough to seek external knowledge, it is necessary that it is transformed and then used effectively in the design and implementation of marketing strategies. Design/method/approach: Quantitative research, with transverse temporal data collection. This study empirically tested the hypotheses based on a sample of 343 marketing managers from Brazilian manufacturing industries. Data were collected through a survey. Data were processed by means of modeling of structural equations in AMOS software. Findings: The characteristics of managers (age and tenure) moderate the relationship between a part of RACAP (knowledge transformation) and CAM (architectural marketing capability). More experienced managers should be valued because it has been proven that in this sector, they make a difference when it comes to transforming knowledge and using it in their strategies.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to assess processes related to absorptive capacity (AC) dimensions in innovation-generating companies of traditional sectors in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Originality/value: Companies may establish differential advantages in the market due to how far they apply acquired knowledge and use organizational mechanisms. These mechanisms include intangible elements essential to the development of AC, a capacity that companies do not often recognize as important to generate innovation. Based on previous studies, we established a summary of AC elements and AC within its different dimensions. Then we created an assessment tool for AC analysis and knowledge generation dynamics in innovative micro-processes in organizations of the traditional sectors. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire with 47 items to assess potential and realized AC and their dimensions. We assessed two companies on their AC. These companies were participants of a project of the Núcleo de Apoio à Gestão da Inovação (Nagirs) of Instituto Euvaldo Lodi (IEL) in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, oriented to enhance innovation in traditional sectors. This study used content analysis and compared the evidence found with findings in the literature. Findings: The results suggested that, in companies of traditional sectors, AC can be considered explicative to innovation generation and the organizational dynamics orchestrating mechanisms for knowledge renewal. Data reveals that knowledge renewal requires managers and qualified workers’ engagement in search and application of external information that responds to the company’s strategic challenges. The study also contributes to establishing an assessment tool for AC in companies of traditional sectors.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to reveal how quantitative empirical studies approach the direct influence of absorptive capacity (AC) on innovation. The AC research field continues to be subject to the phenomenon of reification, since it is still quite scattered. Originality/value: The article contributes to AC’s theoretical approach by compiling a set of forces with AC’s direct influence on innovation. This evaluation has revealed detailed information about this rela­tionship, such as the AC approach used and situations in which it acts as a moderating force in a relationship. Thus, we suggest a structure of influence of AC on innovation. Design/methodology/approach: Systematic literature review based on Tranfield, Denyer, and Smart’s (2003) method was applied. From an initial sample of 231 articles, 37 empirical studies were selected for analysis. We analyzed the AC’s influence on innovation in each paper, as well as the forces that affect that influence. Findings: The results suggest that AC dynamic approach may become dominant within AC and innovation literature, as the number of studies that use this approach grows constantly. However, the validated measurement models proposed by several AC scholars are still underused by most studies. Many empirical studies tend to adapt existing measurement models according to idiosyncratic research needs. In addition, as expected, we identified that intra-firm factors might be as important as environmental factors in transforming firms’ AC into innovation.

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the effects of the insertion in local and global value chains as a determinant of company innovation, identifying the main characteristics of the nature of the interactions that arise in the value chain, as well as the relationship between innovation, internal resources to the company and their insertion in value chains. Originality/value: This paper combines insights from different streams of literature to develop a more comprehensive framework for the analysis of firms’ innovation in emerging countries. We consider relationships among partners in the local and global value chain and the influence of the internal resources as crucially important for the access to external knowledge. Design/methodology/approach: Econometric analysis were performed using generalized linear models (GLM). The period of analysis covers the years 1998 to 2011. We investigate our hypotheses using different models to relate firms’ innovation capacity to local and global value chains and the ownership of internal and external resources. Findings: Using data from Brazilian firms from 1998 to 2011, we found that the relationship with all partners in global value chain contributed to the increase of the Brazilian firm’s innovation. The internal resources had a positive influence in firm’s innovation, suggesting that the firm’s internal resources are crucially important in the access to external knowledge, which means that the ability of firms to make use of this knowledge depends, in turn, on their absorptive capacity.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the influence of change management practices, reasons to change and anticipated benefits on well-being and change-supportive behavior. Originality/value: The theoretical contribution of this study is giving support to measure management interventions and measuring the meanings individuals attribute to the process of change. Design/methodology/approach: The study included 255 employees from a Brazilian holding company that offers road transportation, charter, and logistics services in three Brazilian states. The following measures were used: Change Management Practice Scale, Scale of Reasons and Benefits for Change, Change-Supportive Behavior Scale, and Well-Being at Work Scale. The instruments were applied to professionals and managers to evaluate the proposed measures considering the undergoing process of organizational change. The sample data were submitted to exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of the instruments, as well as mediation analysis and Structural Equation Modeling to test the hypotheses. Findings: The study results indicate that change management practices positively affect both supportive behaviors and workers’ well-being. A differentiated effect of perceived organizational reasons and perceived benefits on supportive behaviors and well-being at work was also identified.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of people management policies and organization trust on well-being at work, the latter being defined as the predominance of positive emotions at work and the individual’s perception that, at work, he/she can express and develop his/her potential and, therefore, he/she progresses to achieving his life’s goals. Originality/value: The hypothesis underlying this research is that the work context presents itself as a privileged place for emotions and, fundamentally, for the realization and construction of personal happiness. The premise that the attainment of personal happiness is possible at work encourages people-management professionals to identify effective strategies for promoting well-being. Design/methodology/approach: The sample consisted of 212 workers from various organizations who answered to instruments with evidence of validity and reliability. The model was tested by structural equation modeling and the reliability coefficients of the scales tested using Cronbach’s alpha. Findings: The results showed that the adjustment of the model is only reasonable, although, depending on the adjustment indices, it can be accepted. The results are discussed in terms of the contributions of the study to the expansion of knowledge in the area of organizational behavior and its implications for managerial actions. It is also suggested to carry out other studies covering larger samples and different natures.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the relationship between participation in decision making and social support at work with role performance at work, as well as the mediator role of work prosperity and the moderator role of self-efficacy. Originality/value: The study contributes to the enhancement of the monological net of the concept of prosperity at work, by testing a model that includes other rather neglected constructs as antecedents and consequents of prosperity at work, and by analyzing the role of a personal asset in these relationships, based on the demands-resources model (JD-R). Design/methodology/approach: This is an empirical study, with a quantitative approach of correlational nature, that tested seven hypotheses. The data were collected with self-report questionnaires, and analyzed with structural equation modelling. Findings: All hypotheses were corroborated and indicated that: participation in the decision making and social support have a positive impact on prosperity at work; prosperity at work has a mediation role in the relation between these variables and role performance at work; self-efficacy moderates the positive relations of participation at work and social support with prosperity at work, increasing these relations. The study has important implications for the literature in the field, contributing to the application of the model of prosperity at work to Brazilian samples. Organizations may benefit from these findings if the policies that enhance prosperity are implemented in the organizational environment, obtaining competitive advantage.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the mediating role of flow at work on the relations of job crafting (task crafting, cognitive crafting and relational crafting) with positive mental health dimensions (emotional well-being, psychological well-being and social well-being). Originality/value: Job crafting actions have been identified as antecedents of the levels of well-being at work. The present study contributed to the literature examining the relationships between job crafting, flow at work, and positive mental health, which have not yet been investigated in previous empirical studies. Design/methodology/approach: The quantitative approach was used through an online questionnaire composed of a sociodemographic questionnaire and three scales. The sample consisted of 386 professionals from different Brazilian states, of which 58% were female, with a mean age of 44 years (SD = 12 years). The data were analyzed through structural equations. Findings: The results of the analysis of structural equations showed that relational crafting had a direct impact on positive mental health. The relations of cognitive crafting with positive mental health were totally mediated by flow at work. We concluded that job crafting, primarily cognitive crafting, influence occupational and general well-being.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To test models of mediation and moderation of the organizational culture, competing values and styles of organizational operation having quality of organizational life (QOL) as antecedent and personal organizational well-being (POW) as consequent. Originality/value: Literature has presented tests of mediation/moderation models to understand well-being of employees and support leadership in the implementation of strategies that fit into the organizational realities. Organizational culture has been used as a component variable of some of those models. However, no publication investigating culture as mediator/moderator of the quality of life/well-being relation was found. Design/methodology/approach: Quantitative, transversal survey employing scales that present evidences of psychometric validity applied to 1,292 employees (81%) of the population in a public organization. Two mediation models and two moderation models were tested through multiple regression. Findings: The results of the linear and hierarchic regression analyses used to test the proposed models showed that, except for the bureaucratic culture, all types of culture had significant power of mediation between the variables of QOL and POW. No moderation relation was found. The empirical evidences of the models tests point out the need for considering cultural traits of organizations in the design of strategies of intervention related to QOL and POW, since some may be more applicable to given cultures and less applicable to others.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Test job fulfillment as a mediator of the relationship between work design and presenteeism in teachers. Originality/value: Presenteeism is one of the reasons for teachers to underperform in the classroom. Many models explain organizational results, among which the Job Characteristics Model. That model, however, has not yet been tested with presenteeism, and, as it proposes, it will be predicted by work design mediated by positive work-related attitudes (i.e., eudaimonic well-being). Design/methodology/approach: A total of 2,282 public school teachers participated in the study, of which 71.1% were women. They completed the scale of job fulfillment, the Stanford Presenteeism Scale, and the full work design taxonomy in the Brazilian version. Direct and mediated relationships were tested, and the Job Characteristics Model was partially confirmed. Findings: For not completing work, mediation is confirmed only to the task identity subcategory of work design. Here, direct relationships with scheduling autonomy and social support were observed. For avoiding distraction, mediation occurred only for social support, and comfort at work. The subcategories decision-making autonomy, physical demands, and job complexity are directly related. We discuss the mediating role of critical psychological states and other positive triggers that could mediate the relationship between work design and organizational outcomes, such as emotions.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Propose a research model that involves the conceptual relationships between the theoretical support of the absorptive capacity and analytics, emphasizing the way in which the tool contributes to the formation of absorptive capacity within the companies. Originality/value: It was possible to delineate a model with the theoretical associations between absorptive capacity and analytics from the voices of experts and decision makers of Portuguese companies, contributing as a tool to guide strategies that help companies for a better understanding of how the absorption of knowledge occurs in analytics implementations to better target efforts at incremental value generation. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative study was carried out with the adoption of Grounded Theory as a research strategy. In this way, techniques and procedures of the method were followed that allowed the constant collection and analysis of the data, supported with the use of Atlas.ti software. Findings: The main theoretical contribution is the proposition of a conceptual model that considers emerging categories, subcategories, properties, and dimensions, that qualify the conceptual alignment between absorptive capacity and analytics and explain the existence of the construct over implementation. As entrepreneurial contributions, the configuration of knowledge absorption according to two analytic use patterns is emphasized: as oriented towards solving specific problems and as a guideline of institutional planning.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To provide evidence of the validity of a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Error Management Culture Scale. Originality/value: Errors are pervasive and cannot be entirely prevented, so it is essential to manage them so as to avoid the worst negative consequences. Error management culture is a set of organizational practices related to communicating about errors, sharing error knowledge, helping in error situations and detecting and handling errors quickly. There was no Brazilian questionnaire for measuring this concept, despite the importance of understanding how we learn from mistakes. Design/methodology/approach: The Brazilian Error Management Culture Scale was obtained by translation and back-translation procedures. An online and pencil and paper survey were conducted. A sample of 233 employees responded to the 17 items of the scale using five-point scales. Data on demographic and professional variables were also collected. Findings: Exploratory factor analysis and parallel analysis indicated a one-factor structure, but it can also be represented in terms of four facets of error management. The factor loadings ranged from 0.35 to 0.82 and Cronbach’s reliability coefficient was 0.94, which is consistent with the original study and with other studies using the scale. The results suggested the Brazilian scale will be useful in research and diagnosis. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings in different samples and its predictive validity should be tested to extend the evidence.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the relationship between religious beliefs and the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior in entrepreneurial intention. Originality/value: The article stands out by promoting the understanding of entrepreneurship from the Theory of Planned Behavior proposed by Ajzen (1991), aligning it with religious beliefs. Design/methodology/approach: It is an exploratory and descriptive study, of a quantitative nature. The survey method was used to collect the data, in which a sample of 448 students from the Business Administration courses at two public universities in the northeast of Brazil was obtained. Structural Equation Modeling was used to treat and analyze the data. Findings: The results demonstrated that personal attitude, perceived control, and religious beliefs influence the entrepreneurial intention of university students, which did not occur with subjective norms. However, subjective norms influenced the personal attitude and perceived control of university students. The university students presented a predisposition to entrepreneurship and recognized that they have the necessary skills to create a business. However, the choice to become an entre preneur may not be motivated directly by the expectation of its social referents. Moreover, university students did not perceive the influence of religious beliefs in the manifestation of their behavior, because vocation and prosocial motivation are far from the environmental context in which university students are inserted or because they are not practicing a religion that fosters such beliefs.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the inclusion of corporate governance in the explanation of Fama and French’s (1993, 2015) three and five-factor asset pricing models. Originality/value: This research differs from other works by inserting corporate governance as an explanatory factor in the pricing model of financial assets. Thus, it is intended to contribute to the research area by trying to identify previously unexplored characteristics, as the proposed method, that helps and adds explanation to the pricing models of financial assets, thus helping investors and professionals in the financial area. Design/methodology/approach: The research sample consists of 387 companies listed in B3, in the period between 2012 and 2016. For data analysis, panel data regressions were used according to the methodology of Fama and French studies (1993, 2015) through the Stata software. Findings: The results indicate that corporate governance has a negative impact on the return of the actions of small companies with lower levels of corporate governance and that the reverse is true for large companies with high levels of governance. Other variables were also found to be impacting on stock returns, such as market value, book-to-market, profitability, and investments.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Analyze if the commonality in liquidity is priced and its relation with the stock return in the Brazilian stock market. Originality/value: Due to the shortage of papers about the effects of commonality in liquidity in the Brazilian financial literature, this paper provides knowledge development about commonality in liquidity effect for the investor, investigating whether an investment strategy in the most sensitive assets to systematic variations of liquidity is attractive for investors, consistent with the risk-return trade off. Design/methodology/approach: In order to identify the effect of commonality to investors, we opted to use portfolios. Using companies listed on B3 as a sample, we estimated regressions developed in the time series from January 2007 to December 2015. Findings: We found that the commonality is a phenomenon present in the Brazilian stock market and their highest values were concentrated in periods of international financial crises. In addition, using portfolios, we observed a premium of 4.165% per month for the commonality in liquidity, although not statistically significant. Finally, we found that the commonality in liquidity is a priced risk factor and when we exposed it to other risk factors we found that the liquidity risk factor was able to partly capture it.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This research aims to analyse price movements in the oil market stimulated by extreme events such as oil platform explosions, geopolitical events, and financial crises and to understand the reaction and the persistence of these effects on the commodity’s price. Originality/value: The prominent position of oil raises the concerns of investors, producers, and policymakers because of the unstable behaviour of its price level and pattern of volatility. This justifies the need to investigate the dynamics of this behaviour for the purposes of economic policy formation, strategies around trade and costs, and revenue calculations for companies of this sector, as well as investment decisions for other sources of energy. Design/methodology/approach: In order to model the occurrence of volatility jumps caused by extreme events, four specifications were used for the ARJI-GARCH conditional jumping methodology developed by Chan and Maheu (2002). The data consist of 2008 daily records of the closing price of light oil (WTI) from January 2010 to December 2017 obtained from NYMEX. Findings: Among several results it was verified that the occurrence of extreme events causes significant changes in the oil price, which goes against the efficient market hypothesis, and that a time-varying conditional jump process can be specified, but it has little sensibility to past shocks and very short-term persistence.