RCAAP Repository

Do conjunto sobressai um estudo volumoso e de elevada qualidade e profundidade, cientificamente sustentado e metodologicamente ancorado, que, sendo necessário à comunidade académica, mormente das áreas da Ciência da Informação, em particular da disciplina Arquivística, e da História, não poderia ficar distante de um público mais vasto. Um estudo revelador dos arquivos e do património arquivístico do Arquipélago da Madeira. Um estudo revelador de um novo autor em Ciência da Informação e incontornável nos estudos arquivísticos. Um estudo revelador da maturidade do seu autor e da qualidade da sua escrita científica, exemplo de uma pena que regista o verbo no lugar certo. Um estudo revelador do cientista da informação e do cultor da palavra escrita, que colocam Ascensão de Macedo como um especialista incontornável no tema, a par de James Lowry.

Objective: The primary objectives of this scoping review were to assess the rate of and risk factors for type Ib endoleak and to evaluate the extent of the evidence base that links type Ib endoleak to short and long term outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Methods: Potentially eligible studies were searched in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, SciELO Citation Index, Russian Science Citation Index, and KCI-Korean Journal Database. A scoping review was performed according to PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. Results: A total of 27 articles (four prospective registries and 23 retrospective cohort studies) dealing with type Ib endoleak were included in the final analysis. The number of patients reported on was 7 197, with follow up ranging between 12 months and 93 months. The reported frequency of type Ib endoleak in patients treated with EVAR ranged from 0% to 8%, Patient and or procedure related factors associated with risk of type Ib endoleak were (1) common iliac artery (CIA) diameter ˃ 18 mm requiring use of flared stent graft limbs (FLs) ˃ 20 mm, (2) length of CIA landing zone ˂ 20 mm, (3) marked iliac tortuosity, and (4) large initial AAA diameter. Depending on the study, 50 - 100% of type Ib endoleaks were corrected by endovascular means, with a reported immediate technical success of 100% in the studies providing this information. Conclusion: Type Ib endoleak after EVAR has been reported to occur in 0 - 8% of cases. Several anatomical features, including CIA diameter ˃ 18 mm or requiring the use of FLs ˃ 20 mm, length of CIA landing zone ˂ 20 mm, marked iliac tortuosity, and large initial AAA diameter, could increase the risk of type Ib endoleak and may require alternative therapeutic options and or more stringent follow up. Therefore, this updated scoping review provides a comprehensive summary of the frequency, risk factors, prognosis, and treatment of type Ib endoleaks, and has identified knowledge gaps in the literature to guide further studies.

Purpose: To understand the influence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on clinical autonomic education and research in Europe. Methods: We invited 84 European autonomic centers to complete an online survey, recorded the pre-pandemic-to-pandemic percentage of junior participants in the annual congresses of the European Federation of Autonomic Societies (EFAS) and European Academy of Neurology (EAN) and the pre-pandemic-to-pandemic number of PubMed publications on neurological disorders. Results: Forty-six centers answered the survey (55%). Twenty-nine centers were involved in clinical autonomic education and experienced pandemic-related didactic interruptions for 9 (5; 9) months. Ninety percent (n = 26/29) of autonomic educational centers reported a negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education quality, and 93% (n = 27/29) established e-learning models. Both the 2020 joint EAN-EFAS virtual congress and the 2021 (virtual) and 2022 (hybrid) EFAS and EAN congresses marked higher percentages of junior participants than in 2019. Forty-one respondents (89%) were autonomic researchers, and 29 of them reported pandemic-related trial interruptions for 5 (2; 9) months. Since the pandemic begin, almost half of the respondents had less time for scientific writing. Likewise, the number of PubMed publications on autonomic topics showed the smallest increase compared with other neurological fields in 2020-2021 and the highest drop in 2022. Autonomic research centers that amended their trial protocols for telemedicine (38%, n = 16/41) maintained higher clinical caseloads during the first pandemic year. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial negative impact on European clinical autonomic education and research. At the same time, it promoted digitalization, favoring more equitable access to autonomic education and improved trial design.

Attic tragedy, catharsis, and emotions are closely intertwined. In this chapter I will argue that the framework of emotion studies can help us shed some light on Aristotle’s concept of catharsis. Furthermore, I will explore how an analysis of focalization helps us to understand how tragic micro-narratives are used (1) to communicate the emotions of the characters and (2) to create emotions in the audience. Such narratives allow the construction of an empathic relationship that, ultimately, evokes the fear and pity on which catharsis relies. Case studies are four micro-narratives of the Trojan war in Euripidean tragedy (three from the Trojan Women and one from Helen).

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in young children and is of considerable burden on healthcare systems. Our study aimed to evaluate ALRI hospitalizations related to RSV in children in Portugal. Methods: We reviewed hospitalizations potentially related to RSV in children aged <5 years from 2015 to 2018, using anonymized administrative data covering all public hospital discharges in mainland Portugal. Three case definitions were considered: (a) RSV-specific, (b) (a) plus unspecified acute bronchiolitis (RSV-specific & Bronchiolitis), and (c) (b) plus unspecified ALRI (RSV-specific & ALRI). Results: A total of 9697 RSV-specific hospitalizations were identified from 2015 to 2018-increasing to 26 062 for RSV-specific & ALRI hospitalizations-of which 74.7% were during seasons 2015/2016-2017/2018 (November-March). Mean hospitalization rates per season were, for RSV-specific, RSV-specific & Bronchiolitis, and RSV-specific & ALRI, respectively, 5.6, 9.4, and 11.8 per 1000 children aged <5 years and 13.4, 22.5, and 25.9 in children aged <2 years. Most RSV-specific hospitalizations occurred in healthy children (94.9%) and in children aged <2 years (96.3%). Annual direct costs of €2.4 million were estimated for RSV-specific hospitalizations-rising to €5.1 million for RSV-specific & ALRI-mostly driven by healthy children (87.6%). Conclusion: RSV is accountable for a substantial number of hospitalizations in children, especially during their first year of life. Hospitalizations are mainly driven by healthy children. The variability of the potential RSV burden across case definitions highlights the need for a universal RSV surveillance system to guide prevention strategies.

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory disorder with serious quality of life impairment. Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) are the most validated scores for accessing psoriasis severity and response to therapy. Plaque psoriasis is the most common form of the disease. In 20% of patients, it is moderate to severe and dictates the need for alternative therapeutic options (ultraviolet (UV) radiation therapy, systemic, or biologic therapy). According to the American Academy of Dermatology and National Psoriasis Foundation guidelines, phototherapy serves as a first-line safe and effective treatment for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, as monotherapy or combination therapy, for patients requiring more than topical medications and/or those who have contraindications for systemic medications. The two major types of UV-therapy in psoriasis include photochemotherapy (UVAradiation plus psoralen) and narrowband UVB phototherapy (NBUVB) (UVB-radiation without photosensitizers). Both are effective therapies, but the latter has fewer risks. Though phototherapy is widely used, the literature still lacks evidence regarding the response range of plaque psoriasis, including the distinct clinical response of body segments.

The use of linguistic varieties in fictional dialogue helps to inform the reader about which character is speaking and under which circumstances. It becomes a textual resource that helps the reader to define the sociocultural outline of the character, as well as his/her position in the sociocultural fictional context. As an element always embedded in the source text with a communicative and semiotic significance, the presence of linguistic varieties in fictional dialogue presents the translator a particular challenge given that the target language may not have adequate resources to provide for an equivalent target text and formal correspondences might be impossible to pursue. Faced with the case where the source language reflects the close relationship between the speaker/medium/context in which it is used, the translator is thus forced to decide on the importance and meaning of the use of a specific dialect in the text. The difficulty in translating literary dialects therefore lies not only in linguistic problems, but also in pragmatic and semiotic difficulties, since their presence in the text adds meaning beyond the linguistic level. This is why it is important to discuss the translator’s decision to recreate or not to recreate linguistic variation and how he/she chooses to go about the problem, as this decision may modify, or even subvert, the work’s internal coherence. Within the framework of Descriptive Translation Studies, this thesis sets out to investigate the strategies translators resort to when faced with the challenge of translating and recreating a linguistic variety in fictional dialogue and the potential correlation between the translational patterns and (a) the medium (page, stage and screen), (b) the date of translation and (c) the prospective function the translation was expected to fulfill in the target context. Building on the work developed by Dimitrova (1997, 2002), Leppihalme (2000a, 2000b) and Rosa (1999, 2001, 2004), this thesis represents an initial attempt to define a corpus-based methodology for the semi-automatic analysis of the translation of dialects in fictionsl dialogue. Such methodology is then applied to a parallel electronic corpus, including all the speeches of one the characters (Eliza) of Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion and Alan Jay Lerner’s My Fair Lady and their corresponding 12 translated versions, published, performed and broadcasted in Portugal between 1945 and 2001. Translation procedures are analyzed in terms of (a) the recreation or nonrecreation of linguistic variation; (b) the preservation or non-preservation of time and space coordiantes of the ST and (c) the use of familiar or non-familiar features for the target text audience; (d) the selection of linguistic, pragmatic and literary signs socio-semiotically more or less valued in the target culture. The study finds that the strategies translators opt for can vary from total normalization of the text to a recreation of a linguistic variety in the target text, either denouncing an initial norm of adequacy, revealing a higher valuation of the source culture, text and author, or an initial norm of acceptability, revealing a higher valuation of the intended reader, and target culture’s ideology. It also finds that the recreation of linguistic varieties in translated text is not only mediated by the dominant norms of each medium but also by contextual factors such as the technical aspects of each medium, the date of translation and the prospective function. Nevertheless, given the limited size of the corpus, any conclusions presented by this study are necessarily tentative and await verification in future, with larger corpora.

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Introduction: Psoriasis is a common, chronic, and inflammatory skin disorder with a high personal, social and economic burden and important implications for healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to provide an epidemiological characterization of individuals with psoriasis in Portugal. Material and methods: A large observational, cross-sectional, nationwide, population-based survey study developed by the Portuguese Psoriasis Group of the Portuguese Society of Dermatology and Venereology (GPP-SPDV). A structured questionnaire was designed and applied by experienced interviewers to a random, representative sample of Portuguese individuals with psoriasis and/or psoriatic arthritis. Patients were considered to have psoriasis if they replied positively to one of the following questions: "Does any physician have ever diagnosed you with psoriasis?" or "Do you have a skin disorder characterized by scaling, reddish skin lesions located in the elbows/knees/scalp?". Results: A total of 6381 individuals were interviewed, of which 283 met the criteria for psoriasis, corresponding to a prevalence rate of 4.4% (95% CI 3.95 - 4.98). Out of the participants that met psoriasis criteria, 24% had suggestive signs/symptoms but did not have a clinical diagnosis established and were not being monitored by a physician. Although more than 70% of participants had active disease (scaling, erythema, or pruritus) and one third had joint symptoms, only 12% were on systemic treatment. Fifty percent of participants with psoriasis (n = 139) had relevant comorbidities (most frequently depression/anxiety and cardiometabolic diseases). Sixteen percent of participants with psoriasis (n = 46) reported that psoriasis interfered with their daily activities (median impact of 5 in a 0 - 10 scale) and 12% mentioned the disease had an impact in their sexual life (median impact of 5 in a 0 - 10 scale). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the prevalence rate of psoriasis is likely to be high in Portugal, and several gaps exist at different levels of healthcare delivery to these patients, from diagnosis to treatment. This study provides important data for the future planning of interventions targeting the improvement of psoriasis care in Portugal.

A pandemia COVID-19 forçou o desenvolvimento de vacinas capazes de conferir imunidade face ao SARS-CoV-2. Porém, nos vários ensaios clínicos, bem como nos estudos efetuados após a admissão e administração da vacina á população geral, vários grupos de risco não foram tidos em conta, como é o caso dos doentes hepáticos crónicos. Estes doentes apresentam, tipicamente, respostas imunitárias deficientes às vacinas. E embora a eficácia clínica em doentes hepáticos immunocomprometidos seja desconhecida, a vacinação é fortemente recomendada. O desenvolvimento de anticorpos em resposta à infeção é só uma parte da reposta imunitária de um organismo. Existe a necessidade de estudar não só estes anticorpos, mas também a resposta das células do sistema imunitário - imunidade celular. No seu conjunto, com este trabalho pretende-se estudar a eficácia das vacinas contra o SARS-CoV-2 em doentes hepáticos crónicos. Os objetivos delineados para este projeto são: avaliar a imunidade humoral de doentes hepáticos crónicos para compreender a extensão temporal desta proteção imune e de tal forma averiguar a sua eficácia. Adicionalmente entender se há a necessidade de reforço imunitário para além dos protocolos de vacinação estipulados para a população geral. Para a recolha de dados desta população, uma coorte de doentes hepáticos foi selecionada do Hospital de Santa Maria que apresentam variedade na idade, género, raça altura, peso, comorbidades, estágio de doença e medicação metabólica. Esta tese visa caraterizar esta coorte de doentes hepáticos de um ponto de vista imunitário recorrendo á testagem de dois isótipos de anticorpo (IgG e IgM) juntamente com a testagem de anticorpos neutralizantes e assim determinar a eficácia das vacinas na proteção contra o vírus. Foi feito um acompanhamento regular em fases temporais específicas denominadas de “timepoints” nomeadamente T0 (baseline), T2 (2 semanas após a 2ª dose) e T3 (6 meses após o início da vacinação) onde foi feita uma recolha de sangue por um profissional de saúde e consequentemente o processamento da amostra de sangue em laboratório. No processamento das amostras foi utilizado um protocolo de isolamento usando centrifugação para obter o soro com anticorpos extraído passando a seguir para a análise dos anticorpos. Adicionalmente foram extraídas também células mononucleares do sangue periférico para a análise em futuros estudos. Foram realizados testes aos dois isótipos de anticorpo através de um protocolo de ELISA para determinar a concentração de anticorpos nas amostras recolhidas face á estirpe selvagem e as variantes mais comuns (Delta e Omicron). Adicionalmente foram considerados resultados provenientes de testes de neutralização das mesmas amostras. Inicialmente foi organizada uma tabela que representava a coorte sendo composta por 43 homens e 20 mulheres dentro dos quais 28 dos pacientes eram cirróticos (44%). A grande maioria foi vacinada com Pfizer (49%) seguida pela Astrazeneca (14%) e finalmente Johnson & Johnson (11%). Observou-se um pico imunidade em T2 que quando comparado aos resultados de pré-vacinação demonstravam um crescimento significativo nas concentrações de IgG e IgM como também na percentagem de anticorpos neutralizantes, tendo o IgG resultados mais elevados que os outros devido a quantidade em circulação. Seguidamente foi feita uma análise com base nas caraterísiticas clínicas da coorte com base no principal anticorpo, IgG, em que foi observado um decrescer com o avanço da idade e/ou com a progressão de condições hepáticas como a fibrose, esteatose hepática e a cirrose. Condições como o consumo alcoólico excessivo também levaram a níveis inferiores de anticorpos circulantes sendo correlativo de uma imunidade mais baixas. Alguns dos resultados foram inesperados como o grupo de fumadores, pacientes com doenças autoimunes ou até sob medicação imunossupressora que podem ser explicados pela pequena amostra de indivíduos que representam estes grupos não havendo valor estatístico significante associado. Relativamente à eficácia das diferentes vacinas, estas permanecem em ordem crescente de eficácia esperada (J&J, Astrazeneca Pfizer) sendo a Moderna excluída pelo facto de só haver um individuo com dados sobre esta vacina. Foi feita uma distinção entre os pacientes mediante os valores do anticorpo IgG em T2 no qual foi observado uma diferença estatisticamente relevante. Foi feita uma distinção entre os indivíduos da população baseada na concentração de anticorpos face a vacinação em T2 criando dois grupos: "low responders" e "high responders". Foi observado uma diferença estatisticamente relevante entre os dois grupos. Finalmente procedeu-se á comparação do efeito da vacinação entre a estirpe selvagem e as variantes Delta e Omicron onde se determinou que há uma relação inversamente proporcional face á imunidade que as vacinas conferem mediante o número de mutações das diferentes variantes. Visto que a variante Omicron é a mais afastada em termos evolucionários da estirpe selvagem os resultados comprovaram que a concentração de anticorpos face a esta variante era substancialmente menor (p value = 0.0016). Conclui-se que a vacinação embora eficiente inicialmente, após os 6 meses observa-se um declínio da imunidade ao longo do tempo e tendo em conta a geração de novas variantes que sucessivamente tornam-se mais resistentes e evasivas aos mecanismos do sistema imune, o protocolo atual de duas doses não é suficiente .Isto leva á necessidade de um protocolo com uma maior frequência de doses de vacinação e com a possibilidade do método de vacinação heterogénea, que consiste essencialmente de vacinar indivíduos com base em um protocolo que utilize mais do que uma plataforma de vacinação. Tem-se vindo a provar mais eficiente que a utilização de uma só plataforma de vacinação. Futuramente é também vital compreender o papel da imunidade celular e das células T maturadas que intervém na defesa do organismo pois interagem diretamente com as células infetadas. Células mononucleares do sangue periférico extraídas neste estudo serão um bom exemplo para futuros estudos de forma a compreender melhor a interação destas células e que importância têm na defesa do organismo. Como tal a investigação deste sistema de imunidade poderá beneficiar na produção de novos tipos de vacina que impulsionem uma defesa mais rigorosa e duradoura que a proporcionada pelas vacinas atuais.

Para Jess Nevins, a definição mais comum de terror apresenta o género como maleável, capaz de se inserir noutros géneros com apenas uma condição, a de provocar medo e inquietação no leitor. Porém, Nevins vai mais longe, incluindo, também, textos em que provocar terror não é a principal finalidade, ou não era, de todo, a finalidade original. Nevins alicerça a sua teoria na primazia da interpretação do leitor sobre a intenção do autor, tornando o terror algo acidental e possível num texto não originalmente concebido com esse intuito. Partiremos desta consideração para analisar «Loucura…» (1912), de Mário de Sá-Carneiro e «A Morta» (1931), de Florbela Espanca como textos que expressam terror.

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Sendo o sublime tendencialmente irrepresentável, poder-se-ia dizer que ele é também por assim dizer incivilizacionável. Daí que mais tarde Hegel o situe, nas suas lições sobre estética, no domínio de uma alegada “arte simbólica”, ou seja primitiva, anterior à arte clássica e romântica. O academismo de tal classificação do que em princípio é inclassificável parece retirar ao sublime o seu carácter intempestivo e radical, discernido por Schiller com uma argúcia que antecipa em vários aspectos posições evidenciadas por Schopenhauer, Wagner e Nietzsche, no sentido de des-moralizar (ou tornar moralmente neutro) essa categoria estética, como aliás já fizera com o belo nas CEE (21ª Carta, § 4). Embora o autor privilegie o sublime, até pela sua proximidade com o trágico, ele nunca perde de vista o mosaico global do seu sistema estético. Como já foi dito acima, em situações de insuportável tensão, a acção moderadora do belo suavizaria o abismo entre a vertigem da sublimidade e o imperativo da necessidade, contornando por momentos a contingência. É nesse equilíbrio – sempre precário, recorde-se – que a liberdade demoníaca poderia ser doseada, harmonizada no seu potencial energético, a exemplo do reino vegetal: “Buscas o mais alto, o mais grandioso? A planta pode ensinar- -te: / O que ela é involuntariamente, sê-o tu intencionalmente.”. Goethe não escreveria porventura de modo diferente.

Esta Newsletter (NL) resulta de uma parceria entre o Instituto de Saúde Baseada na Evidência e a Cochrane Portugal, e tem como objectivo disponibilizar informação sobre áreas importantes para a prática clínica, com base na melhor evidência científica disponível. São incluídos estudos relevantes, criticamente avaliados pela sua validade, importância dos resultados e aplicabilidade prática, resumidos numa óptica de suporte à decisão. É dada prioridade a estudos de causalidade incluindo-se ainda, quando justificado, estudos qualitativos e metodológicos, assim como revisões científicas. O conteúdo da NL é da exclusiva responsabilidade do(s) seu(s) autor(es).

Since it was first described in 1901, the Príncipe thrush Turdus xanthorhynchus has been rare and restricted to the native forest in the south of Príncipe Island. The Obô giant land snail Archachatina bicarinata, however, was widespread across the island and at least locally abundant until the 1990s. Since then its population has collapsed, and now, like the thrush, it is also restricted to the native forest in the south of the island. Using species distribution modelling, we show that both species are currently strongly associated with rugged and remote areas of native forest at high altitudes. We argue that their current distribution might be negatively affected by anthropogenic pressures, as both are harvested, and also because invasive alien species are expected to have deleterious effects on these species, although further studies are needed to clarify interactions between these native and introduced species. The diachronic stories of these species highlight an overlooked value of native ecosystems: their role in the conservation of widespread species that might be unable to use anthropogenic landscapes in the future. They also reinforce the need for protected areas that strive to exclude most human activities in the context of particularly sensitive biodiversity, as is often the case on oceanic islands.

Abstract: Background: Custom-made alloplastic temporomandibular joint replacement (ATMJR) is not validated in irradiated patients. However, in specific situations, after previous reconstructive surgical failures, the authors hypothesized the role of a customized ATMJR after radiotherapy. Methods: A 65-year-old male patient was referred to Instituto Português da Face—Lisbon, Portugal— after failed attempts of mandibular reconstruction secondary to oral carcinoma resection and partial hemi-mandibulectomy plus radiotherapy of 60 total Grays. Primary reconstruction was performed with fibula free flap. Due to failure, secondary reconstructions were performed with osteosynthesis plate without success. The patient was unable to have adequate mastication and deglutition due to a severe crossbite. The authors treated the patient with an extended customized alloplastic temporomandibular joint replacement (F0M2). Results: With 3 years of follow-up, the patient showed an improvement in masticatory function, mandibular motion, pain levels, and overall quality of life. No complications were observed related to ATMJR. Conclusions: The presented case described how ATMJR, although not a validated option after radiotherapy, can be considered to restore functionality in complex cases with bone and soft tissues problems.

This is the first work concerning the evaluation of mycorrhizal status of Populus nigra and P. x euramericana in Portugal. Concerning the stage of development, juvenile or mature, ectomycorrhizae and arbuscular mycorrhizae were found in both species, coexisting in different root branches of the same root system. Ectomycorrhizae are predominant in mature plants, while arbuscular mycorrhizae predominate in juvenile cuttings. Different morphotypes of ectomycorrhizas have been observed in P. nigra and only one in P. x euramericana.

Few scientific publications discuss the vision of the water-smart society. Our paper addresses this gap, outlining key principles of urban water–smartness and translating them into five strategic objectives to support decision-making at the local government level. Based on recent literature and dialogue with six European water Living Labs, we argue that the water-smart society must highlight societal well-being and co-development across sectors. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for a long-term perspective, conserving nature, and maximising ecosystem services, while anticipating change. Finally, we discuss how a more grounded conceptualisation of the water-smart society can guide utilities and urban policy design.