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Trabalhos de Antropologia e Etnologia, 2023, volume 63 | 155Autonomia ou Complementaridade? Metodologias da Antropologia e da História para o Estudo da Intolerância AUTONOMIA OU COMPLEMENTARIDADE? METODOLOGIAS DA ANTROPOLOGIA E DA HISTÓRIA PARA O ESTUDO DA INTOLERÂNCIA por Patrícia Ferraz de Matos1 Daniel Florence Giesbrecht2 Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o dossiê “Como Estudar a Intolerância? Contributos da Antropologia e da História (Contexto Português e Brasileiro)”. Evidencia-se a importância da utilização de metodologias científicas, distintas e complementares, principalmente ligadas às áreas da antropologia e da história. Os contextos de análise são Portugal e o Brasil, aprofundando-se sobretudo o período entre o século XIX e a atualidade. Num segundo momento, são apresentados os artigos que compõem o dossiê, resultantes de várias pesquisas da autoria de onze autores/as com afiliações a distintas instituições científicas, em Portugal e no Brasil. No final, conclui-se sobre a importância de promover análises complementares, interdisciplinares e interseccionais no que respeita ao estudo da intolerância.

Analiso neste capítulo questões que se prendem com o direito de uso da terra em Moçambique, na província de Nampula. Convocando diferentes processos históricos e tendo presente que as contendas em torno do uso da terra são lugares onde podemos encontrar processos de longa duração que conectam diferentes temporalidades (Lentz, 2013), examino o modo como uma reivindicação local por terras se cruza com processos nacionais e transnacionais. A disputa por terras envolve uma população que diz ter sido indevidamente reassentada e agentes sociais que afirmam a sua legitimidade no uso daquele solo, conferida pelo Estado moçambicano através do Direito de uso e aproveitamento da terra (DUAT).

Parliaments and parliamentarians traditionally have been a feature of domestic politics, as a distinctive branch of government or as representatives of the people respectively. However, lately they have come to develop a different role linked to international rather than domestic politics, especially regarding regional organizations. Parliamentary institutions engage in international affairs in three major ways: 1) by influencing foreign policy through national parliaments; 2) by conducting parallel diplomatic relations, known as parliamentary diplomacy; and 3) by establishing and empowering parliaments as representative bodies of international, often regional, organizations. These roles differ in form and substance. The first is a classical function of parliaments and implies no policymaking innovation, although the degree to which parliaments do so varies from one democracy to another. The second function is more recent and has focused mainly on peace-building and conflict-prevention activities. The third is the most atypical function, and is ideally oriented towards supranational institution building.

Objectives The concept of vaccine hesitancy encompasses multiple views on the subject. However, there has been an increasing polarization of the discourse on vaccine hesitancy leading to the stigmatization of those parents who expressed doubts or concerns regarding vaccination practices. The present study aimed to explore the drivers and consequences of polarized discourses on vaccination in the Portuguese context. This paper is part of a broader study which aims to gain a deeper understanding about the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy at the European level. Study design A qualitative research design was used. Methods The sample was comprised of thirty-one Portuguese vaccine hesitant parents who were interviewed. A thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews was performed which allowed us to identify key themes. Results The results showed that the labelling of vaccine-hesitant parents as ‘anti-vaxxers’ along with social media play a crucial role in promoting the polarization of vaccine-related attitudes. The stigmatization of vaccine hesitant parents has a disruptive impact on their social network leading them to search for online platforms where they can exchange vaccines-related information without being discriminated. Conclusions The stigma and discrimination experienced by vaccine-hesitant parents stimulated that hesitancy becomes more entrenched. Therefore, pluralism should be used to tailor vaccination promotion campaigns to different targets, promoting its reach and efficacy.

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The essence and nature of humanity has been defined through a system of comparations and differentiations in which animality and divinity function as modes of qualitative otherness that clarify human’s self-understanding. The identification of simultaneous continuity and discontinuity produces a sense of partial entanglement and ontological overlap between the three modes of being. This cultural background of anthropology remains to a certain extent significantly influential throughout the Western philosophical canon, between Plato and Kant. It hence follows that a formally rigorous and definitive grasping of the essence of the human being seems to be jeopardised. Instead of an accurately real or essential definition, anthropology seems to develop ‘expositions’ and ‘descriptions’ of humanity, although with axiological and normative dimensions. The theoretical question of the essence yields its logical prominence to the rather practical question of existence, as proper existence, the human art of living well, i.e., the human art of full self-actualisation. Thus, Kant’s anthropology constitutes also a renewed Enlightened version of the ethics and politics of cura sui or self-determination.

Early Modern philosophy has devoted a special attention to the reproductive and productive cognitive operations fulfilled by imagination. For the two prominent philosophical currents, Rationalism and Empiricism, here represented by N. Malebranche (1638-1715) and David Hume (1711-1776), imagination constitutes first and foremost a mental activity that produces logical falsehood and moral misery. Against this backdrop, Kant’s proposal of a transcendental synthesis performed by productive imagination provokes a significant rehabilitation of the cognitive effectiveness of imagination. Indeed, this transcendental a priori power of synthesis testifies to the entanglement of imagination with understanding, in the sense that the productive synthesis of imagination accomplishes the determination of the inner sense by the understanding. By contrast, the aesthetic, poietic or inventive dimension of imagination as facultas fingendi opens up the realm of genius, beyond the intellectual discipline and productivity of transcendental imagination. Also, imagination can lose in diverse modes and degrees its connection with lawfulness, and thereby gives rise to various mental disorders. Therefore, Kant carefully distinguishes different modes of imaginative productive actions whose intellectual ordering provides the conditions of possibility of science and art.

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Este estudo analisa as estratégias e os procedimentos de cálculo a que os alunos recorrem num contexto de resolução de problemas de adição e subtração de números inteiros positivos e a sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento do seu sentido de número. O enquadramento teórico está organizado em três áreas fundamentais: (i) sentido de número; (ii) a aprendizagem dos números e das operações de adição e subtração; e (iii) organização da aprendizagem. Dada a natureza do objeto de estudo, a metodologia de investigação segue o paradigma interpretativo e uma abordagem qualitativa, tendo por design o estudo de caso, assente na implementação de uma experiência de ensino em sala de aula. Esta tem subjacente o desenvolvimento de um percurso de aprendizagem e foi desenvolvida numa turma do 2.º ano de escolaridade com 24 alunos. Destes, foram selecionados quatro alunos a partir do desempenho manifestado na resolução de problemas de adição e subtração apresentados inicialmente com o objetivo de fazer o diagnóstico da forma como os alunos encaravam esses problemas. A recolha de dados inclui a observação dos alunos na realização dos problemas, quer na sessão de diagnóstico, quer durante a experiência de ensino, e ainda uma entrevista final a cada um dos quatro alunos participantes, análise de documentos por si produzidos e a transcrição das gravações em vídeo e áudio do trabalho realizado pelos alunos durante a experiência de ensino. Os resultados deste estudo revelam que: (i) os alunos utilizam uma grande diversidade de estratégias e procedimentos havendo uma relação com os significados dos problemas apresentados. A análise dos dados da resolução dos problemas de subtração evidencia o recurso à estratégia de adição indireta, o que influenciou o uso de procedimentos de cálculo mais eficientes; (ii) a evolução das estratégias e procedimentos usados pelos alunos foi influenciada pela diversidade dos problemas propostos (os significados, a grandeza e o tipo de números e a sua sequência) e pela seleção das resoluções que forma consideradas para a discussão final na sala de aula. Os resultados indicam ainda que nem todos os alunos evoluíram ao mesmo ritmo, parecendo este aspeto estar relacionado com o desenvolvimento da sua compreensão dos números; (iii) os alunos desenvolveram de forma integrada as componentes do sentido de número, nomeadamente, o desenvolvimento da compreensão significado dos números e das operações, o reconhecimento da grandeza relativa dos números e o reconhecimento da razoabilidade dos resultados e a sua aplicação nos cálculos apresentados; (iv) o desenvolvimento de estratégias e procedimentos adequados e eficientes na resolução de problemas de adição e subtração foi influenciado pela experiência de ensino em sala de aula e pelo ambiente social e sociomatemático em que os alunos estiveram envolvidos. Este ambiente tornou os alunos mais confiantes em fazer matemática.

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Malaria, one of the oldest parasitic diseases, remains a global health threat, and the increasing resistance of the malaria parasite to current antimalarials is forcing the discovery of new, effective drugs. Harmicines, hybrid compounds in which harmine/β-carboline alkaloids and cinnamic acid derivatives are linked via an amide bond or a triazole ring, represent new antiplasmodial agents. In this work, we used a multiple linear regression technique to build a linear quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model, based on a group of 40 previously prepared amide-type (AT) harmicines and their antiplasmodial activities against erythrocytic stage of chloroquine-sensitive strain of P. falciparum (Pf3D7). After analysing the QSAR model, new harmicines were designed and synthesized: six amide-type, eleven carbamate-type and two ureido-type harmicines at the N-9 position of the β-carboline core. Subsequently, we evaluated the antiplasmodial activity of the new harmicines against the erythrocytic and hepatic stages of the Plasmodium life cycle in vitro and their antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cells. UT harmicine (E)-1-(2-(7-methoxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-9-yl)ethyl)-3-(3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)allyl)urea at the N-9 position of the β-carboline ring exhibited pronounced antiplasmodial activity against both the erythrocytic and the hepatic stages of the Plasmodium life cycle, accompanied by good selectivity towards Plasmodium.

Las sedes del poder portugués que surgieron a partir de la Restauração hasta la actualidad se construyeron en propiedades confiscadas a la familia Corte-Real. Manuel de Faria e Sousa tuvo un papel temprano y decisivo en el destino de la familia maldita, cuando denunció a D. Manuel de Moura Corte-Real como ladrón, falsificador, sodomita y traidor, y cuando puso su edición de Os Lusiadas de Camões al servicio de quienes habían hecho triunfar su denuncia. Como fuente de este discurso de confrontación, las interpretaciones de Faria sobre Camões han sellado los destinos altos y bajos de los hombres a lo largo de la historia literaria.

The epic poems written during the rise of Portugal and Spain on the global stage often dealt with topics quite unimaginable to the likes of Virgil or Homer. These poems reveal the astounding opportunities for upward social mobility and self-promotion afforded by broader access to print and the vast amount of knowledge and material wealth accrued through maritime exploration. Iberian poets of the period were quite cognizant of their ventures into uncharted territory, and that awareness informed their literary journeys. The War Trumpet features nine substantial essays that expand our understanding of Iberian Renaissance epic poetry by posing questions seldom raised in relation to poems such as La Araucana, Os Lusíadas, Carlo famoso, El Bernardo, Arauco Domado, Espejo de paciencia, and Felicissima Victoria, among others. Particularly compelling are questions concerned with early modern understandings of the natural world, the practice of poetic imitation, the discipline of cartography, or the reception of Petrarchism in the newly established viceroyalties of the New World. Fostering a greater appreciation of the intersection between poetry, war, and exploration, The War Trumpet sheds light on the transformative changes that took place during the period of Iberian expansion.

Multicomponent reactions are of utmost importance at generating a unique, wide, and complex chemical space. Herein we describe a novel multicomponent approach based on the combination of the isonitrile-tetrazine (4+1) cycloaddition and the Ugi four-component reaction to generate pyrazole amide derivatives. The scope of the reaction as well as mechanistic insights governing the 4H-pyrazol-4-imine tautomerization are provided. This multicomponent process provides access to a new chemical space of pyrazole amide derivatives and offers a tool for peptide modification and stapling.

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