RCAAP Repository

Numa época em que as alterações climáticas ganharam relevância e causaram níveis de apreensão social sem precedentes, o objetivo do projeto ClimAdaPT.Local valorizou a integração da dimensão climática nos processos municipais de planeamento. Com base num inquérito por questionário aplicado em três rondas consecutivas, este artigo centra-se nas respostas de um grupo de técnicos municipais que, em conjunto com a equipa promotora do projeto, desenvolveu Estratégias Municipais de Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas. Com foco principal na evolução dos respondentes, no que diz respeito à aquisição de conhecimentos e à mobilização e capacitação ao longo do desenvolvimento do projeto, as principais conclusões serão aqui apresentadas.

Durante a II Guerra Mundial milhares de homens e mulheres, náufragos de embarcações atacadas e/ ou afundadas no que ficou conhecido pela Batalha do Atlântico, foram salvos por navios portugueses ou chegaram e receberam apoio nos seus territórios que neste período incluíam colónias no Atlântico e no Índico. Dessa realidade ficou o registo de meia centena de salvamentos por meios navais - civis e militares - e também a implementação de rotinas e estruturas de apoio nos diversos territórios, tanto por autoridades nacionais como entidades estrangeiras, que tinham por propósito receber, cuidar e repatriar os que chegavam como náufragos . A quase totalidade destas pessoas estavam ao serviço dos Aliados, mas ao longo do estudo encontramos também casos que envolvem gente do Eixo e neutrais. É esta realidade histórica recente, mas pouco conhecida, o objeto desta dissertação.

Em 28 de setembro de 1917 é formalmente criado o Serviço de Aviação da Armada, a primeira designação oficial da aviação da Marinha Portuguesa, genericamente conhecida por “Aviação Naval”. Embora a Aviação Naval tenha sido ativada devido à urgência de combater a ameaça dos U-boat, a sua génese está intimamente ligada ao despertar da aviação em Portugal no início do Século XX e à perseverança e iniciativas de Sacadura Cabral. Após o Armistício, Sacadura Cabral vai lançar a sua aviação em grandes viagens aéreas que vão culminar na Travessia Aérea do Atlântico Sul. Este foi o momento de maior júbilo nacional durante a I República e inquestionavelmente o maior feito aeronáutico de Portugal, que só poderia ter sido superado pelo projeto para a primeira circum-navegação aérea. Acabou por ser este último a despoletar uma série de eventos que levaram à perda de Sacadura Cabral no Mar do Norte e, por consequência, ao fim do período mais marcante e emblemático da Aviação Naval. Apesar do prestígio que as viagens aéreas traziam para a Aviação Naval, neste período a corporação viveu numa época em que a conjuntura política nem sempre era favorável e a conjuntura económica foi sempre desfavorável. Isto traduziu-se num esforço titânico pela sobrevivência, sendo admirável a forma como a Aviação Naval conseguiu subsistir num ambiente tão hostil e com carências em todos os seus elementos funcionais, em especial no pessoal e infraestruturas. Mas foi exatamente esta luta pela sobrevivência que impeliu o líder destes poucos homens a procurar oportunidades de afirmação que acabaram por resultar nalguns dos mais notáveis feitos aeronáuticos de Portugal.

Habitat degradation and intensive exploitation are threatening seahorse populations worldwide. Captive breeding may be essential to replace harvesting of natural populations and provide an alternative source of seahorses for commercial trade and supplementation programs in the wild. The present investigation evaluates the potential of Hippocampus guttulatus culture as a tool for seahorse conservation. The main goals of this study were to optimize reproduction and juvenile rearing in captivity, and to evaluate the effects of captive breeding on the reproductive success of the species. Breeding the long‐snouted seahorse in captivity proved to be a challenging but promising goal to achieve. High water flow conditions, great water columns depths, large holdfast availability, low stocking densities, balanced sex ratios, large size mates and diets rich in essential fatty acids were important to improve seahorse husbandry and reproduction. Hippocampus guttulatus juveniles were born at an exceptionally nutritionally depleted state and presented low survival rates in the first month of life. The high monounsaturated fat content and low docosahexaenoic acid level of Artemia nauplii proved to be unsuitable to fulfill the high polyunsaturated requirements of the juveniles. Optimization of the rearing system and prey quality may however improve juvenile survival. Captive breeding had a strong impact on the reproductive performance of the long‐snouted seahorse, decreasing the number, size, condition and nutritional reserves of the juveniles and, consequently, their ability to survive and to tolerate stressful conditions. The poor reproductive performance and low survival rates of captive seahorses may jeopardize the economic viability of commercial production and the success of supplementation programs in the wild, but should not be discourage. Further research that incorporates the knowledge acquired in this investigation is expected to improve the success of H. guttulatus culture and to allow developing a suitable protocol for this species.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um ensaio sobre a tipologia dos antropónimos do Bié, analisando a atribuição de nomes em língua umbundu, a constituição e a frequência dos nomes do Bié. Trata-se de um estudo sobre a Antroponímia em língua umbundu: nomes portugueses e nomes umbundu Realizou-se um estudo sistemático sobre a frequência e a constituição de nomes do Bié, de acordo com as seguintes fontes documentais: registos de batismo e de nascimento do Registo Civil da Conservatória do Bié e da Igreja Evangélica Congregacional do Bié. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o sistema antroponímico do Bié na década de 70 era constituído por nomes de dois elementos, na década de 80 por nomes de três elementos e na década de 90 por nomes de quatro elementos. Quanto a frequência registou-se que Maria, António e José são os nomes próprios mais frequentes e Jamba, Cassinda e Ngueve como segundos, terceiros e quartos nomes mais frequentes. Acreditamos que a constituição e a frequência dos nomes do Bié estão relacionadas com a influência do sistema europeu e a substituição de nomes africanos por nomes europeus na era colonial. De acordo com os resultados obtidos podemos concluir que o sistema antroponímico do Bié tem semelhanças com o sistema antroponímico europeu, melhor dizendo, trata-se de um sistema combinatório (nomes europeus e nomes africanos). Os nomes europeus e cristãos, ocorrem como nomes próprios e apelidos. Os nomes umbundu ocorrem como complemento antroponomástico (sobrenomes e apelidos). A constituição de nomes umbundu está associada a critérios de natureza antropológica. Por consequência, os pais e os padrinhos não têm papel decisivo na escolha do nome da criança. Em suma, os nomes do Bié, atualmente, são constituídos por 5 elementos, conforme prescreve o Decreto-Lei n.º 10/85 de 19 de outubro.

Em Novembro de 2019, A Mulher Canhota (1978), de Peter Handke, Phoenix (2014), de Christian Petzold, e Vitalina Varela (2019), de Pedro Costa, integraram a programação da Medeia Filmes para o Teatro Campo Alegre, no Porto. Distanciando-se em diversos pontos, estes filmes partilham, no entanto, elementos centrais: todos são protagonizados por mulheres; todos versam sobre os complexos relacionamentos que estas mantêm ou mantiveram com os maridos; e todos acompanham, finalmente, um processo de emancipação do estatuto de esposa e a simultânea conquista de uma vida nova e independente. Deste modo, os três filmes são feministas — sem que se associem, no entanto, a nenhuma corrente programática —, e entroncam na vasta tradição do woman’s film, a qual eles reactualizam de acordo com as poéticas do cinema moderno e contemporâneo em que se inserem. Dados o vigor e a intensidade dos retratos que os filmes traçam das suas protagonistas, o espectador abandona a sala de cinema com uma sensação de assombro, isto é, sai do filme assombrado. Para isso contribui o facto de as três protagonistas comportarem uma assinalável dose de mistério, proporcional ao seu poder de fascinação. As suas histórias terminam sem que saibamos exactamente quem elas são, nem as razões do efeito hipnótico que têm sobre nós. Mulheres de poucas palavras, elas escondem, por debaixo da expressividade dos seus rostos e dos seus corpos, um mundo de ideias ao qual não nos é possível aceder inteiramente. Marianne, Nelly e Vitalina são, simultaneamente, mulheres e símbolos, e os seus dramas pessoais permitem a Peter Handke, Christian Petzold e Pedro Costa reflectir, também, sobre o novo existencialismo burguês dos anos 70, as tensões profundas na Alemanha do pós-guerra, e a rota de destroços deixada pelo colonialismo português.

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Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre A Dança dos Paroxismos (1929), de Jorge Brum do Canto (1910-1994), motivada por diversas pistas de interpretação lançadas nos intertítulos iniciais, designadamente a apresentação da obra como um “ensaio visual” e como um “filme português”, e a dedicatória ao cineasta Marcel L’Herbier. Perspetivando o filme em função de alguns pressupostos do cinema da Primeira Vanguarda Francesa, na qual se inscreve L’Herbier, identifica-se e caracteriza-se um programa estético que, no filme de Brum do Canto, se materializa numa questão que, sendo primariamente diegética, transporta também implicações teóricas determinantes: todo o filme corresponde à alucinação de um moribundo. Através de uma análise aproximada de A Dança dos Paroxismos, investiga-se, por fim, de que modo este filme — um dos primeiros casos de “cinema onírico” — pode constituir um complexo “ensaio visual” sobre o cinema da Primeira Vanguarda Francesa.

​This volume addresses the engagement between science and society from multiple viewpoints. At a time when trust in experts is being questioned, misinformation is rife and scientific and technological development show growing social impact, the volume examines the challenges in involving the public in scientific debates and decisions. It takes into account societal needs and concerns in research, and analyses the interface between the roles of institutions and individuals. From environmental challenges to science communication, participatory technological design to animal experimentation, and transdisciplinarity to norms and values in science, the volume brings together research on areas in which scientists and citizens interact, across diverse, often understudied, socio-cultural contexts in Europe. It encompasses the natural sciences, engineering and the social sciences, and the chapters follow diverse theoretical frameworks and methodologies, including both quantitative and qualitative approaches. This volume contributes not just to scholarly knowledge on the topic of science and society relations, but also provides useful information for students, policy makers, journalists, and STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) researchers keen on engaging with their publics and conducting responsible research and innovation.

A pesar de que el agua es el elemento que da sentido a la arquitectura termal, la gestión hídrica sigue siendo aún un aspecto poco analizado dentro de la bibliografía sobre las termas romanas. En base a la documentación publicada, en esta contribución se presenta un panorama general sobre el uso del agua en las termas públicas de Hispania, ordenando el discurso en cuatro etapas básicas: el abastecimiento, el almacenamiento/distribución, la utilización y la evacuación, y analizando en cada una de ellas los casos más representativos. La gestión hídrica a través de estas etapas pone de relieve un uso racional del agua, aunque variable en función del flujo disponible y del grado de suntuosidad pretendido en cada edificio.

The sociology of science and technology has been gradually broadening its scope of study. Early works paid particular attention to the functioning of the scientific system, such as the values and norms that regulate it, the rewards and the reputation of individual scientists, the competition and collaboration within the scientific community, the accumulation of scientific capital, and the strategies of reproduction or subversion (see, for instance, Hagstrom 1965, Merton 1973, Bourdieu 1975). It then moved toward an examination of scientific practices, how science is produced in the laboratories and in the field, how scientific claims are built and contested, and how scientific knowledge is set apart and raises boundaries with other forms of knowledge (see, for instance, Bloor 1976, Gieryn 1983, Latour and Woolgar 1986, Knorr-Cetina 2009).

Renewable energies development has become a concern in European policy due to the need to combat climate change, to reduce energy dependency, and to address the issue of depletion of fossil fuels. Transitioning to a post-carbon society is a highly complex process due to the way energy and its supply permeate all of human activity, from the privacy of domestic everyday life to shared practices in the workplace, and including features as central to contemporary life as mobility, security, and communication. In this sense, the promotion of the energy transition is necessarily based on a pluralistic intervention that includes both developing new technological solutions and fostering profound changes in the organization of economic activity and socio-cultural practices.

As one of the more visible dimensions of science and society relations and under its myriad of labels, public communication of science has become, in the past few decades, a branch of scientific activity, an industry, a career, and a field of academic enquiry. Countless pages have been devoted to examining what, how, why, and who is doing communication of science to the public. But the very concept of science is little problematized in these analyses. In any event, what counts as science that deserves to be communicated usually excludes the social sciences. Sociology, in particular, has an intricate relationship with public communication. By custom, it is fairly accessible outside academia: publication in book form and in native languages, and open conferences and lectures, report on topics that are familiar and close to societal concerns. Engagements with the public are also are also part of the empirical toolkit of sociologists. From the more traditional interviews and surveys to the more participatory techniques of consultation such as workshops or action-research, citizens are an indispensable component of doing research in sociology.

This doctoral thesis consisted of a cultural-rhetorical-cognitive approach to the work of the English street artist Banksy and in particular of his graffiti. By examining the aesthetics and function of Banksy’s graffiti in both street and contemporary art, this study has shown that Banksy’s graffiti differ from traditional graffiti in three aspects. First, Banksy’s graffiti created a new environment for street art on the contemporary art circuit. Second, Banksy’s graffiti enhanced the function of self-expression art, attributed to traditional graffiti, and became a means communication media used by the artist to comment, reinterpret, and criticise socio-political issues that have occurred worldwide. Third, Banksy’s graffiti came to appear as ‘creative weapons’ in the artist’s social-political activism. Regarding the name BANKSY, this study has demonstrated that in addition to being the authorial figure reference of the anonymous and most famous street artist today, it has simultaneously played an 'agency' role in the context of street art. In this study, it was also delimitated Banksy's artistic phases between the years 1993 and 2018, based on the growth of his artistic ethos and the pathos he awoke in his audience. Finally, this thesis presented a multimodal cognitive analysis of eleven selected Banksy’s graffiti, which represent each of the fronts of the artist’s socio-political activism, demonstrating, in the context of cognitive linguistics, some plausible interpretations of the visual metaphorical representations of these graffiti. For the construction of the theoretical framework, in each chapter, different theories were grouped to compound the basis of analysis. In the first chapter, theories of cultural studies (HALL, 2005, BARKER; JANE, 2016, BARKER, 2014, STOREY, 2015 and BARNARD, 1998) were associated with theories of communication and media (MCLUHAN, 1951/2001, 1964 / 2015, 2005, MCLUHAN; FIORE, 1967,1968, MCLUHAN; POWERS, 1989) to inscribe Banksy's graffiti within the context of popular culture and characterise them as media of communication. In the second chapter, Michel Foucault's (1977) reflections on authorship and Anthony Giddens's (1984) concept of ‘agency’ were brought together to characterize the name BANKSY as an authorial figure, within the scope of contemporary art, and ‘agent’ in the field of street art. Additionally, from Guy Deboard’s (2002) discussion of ‘spectacle agent’, Banksy’s anonymity was qualified as a means of guaranteeing his freedom of creation. In the third chapter, the Aristotelian canons ethos and pathos (KENNEDY, 1991) were used to locate the rhetorical resources Banksy used throughout his career and to define his artistic phases. Finally, in the fourth chapter, the association of Charles Forceville's theory of multimodal metaphors (1994, 1996, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2016 and 2017), with the concept of irony by D.C. Muecke (1980), and the study of visual intertextuality by Eduardo Cintra Torres (2015) converged to form the theoretical framework used in the multimodal cognitive analysis of eleven selected Banksy’s graffiti. This analysis revealed that Banksy's aesthetics assumes a configuration of 'artistic weapons' against the capitalist hegemony of the globalized world and, at the same time, it inspires and contributes to expanding his audience’s social-political awareness, at a ‘glocal’ level.

Stroke is a significant cause of death and disability in developed countries. It is a multifactorial disease, resulting from the interplay between genes and well-known life-style/environmental risk factors. Numerous studies have attempted to identify the genetic risk factors predisposing to stroke, but few have investigated the genetic factors involved in stroke outcome. This work aimed at the identification of genes contributing to stroke and influencing patient’s outcome after three months. Four inflammatory genes (IL1B, IL6, MPO and TNF) and two genes involved in the nitric oxide metabolism (NOS1 and NOS3) were tested for association with stroke. The results suggest that the IL6 and MPO genes influence stroke susceptibility through independent effects and non-additive interactions. Furthermore, they provided novel evidence for the involvement of the NOS1 gene in stroke susceptibility. Several studies have shown the important impact of oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, neurovascular damage and neurovascular remodeling for stroke-associated brain damage and/or stroke recovery. Association analyses were thus carried out to assess the role of candidate genes involved in inflammatory processes (IL1B, IL6, MPO and TNF) and oxidative stress (NOS1 and NOS3), as well as matrix metalloproteinase genes (MMP2 and MMP9) and growth factor genes (BDNF, FGF2 and VEGFA) in patient’s outcome at three months. MMP2 genetic variants were found associated with patient’s outcome, and the results also indicate that two epistatic interactions between the BDNF and FGF2 genes and between the FGF2 and VEGFA genes influence this phenotype. A genome-wide association study was performed in stroke outcome using DNA pooled samples to provide novel insights into the mechanisms involved in stroke recovery. The BBS9 and GLIS3 genes were found associated with patient’s outcome at three months. Taken together, these results suggest that stroke susceptibility and outcome are modulated by a combination of main gene effects and gene-gene interactions, independently of stroke risk factors and/or severity parameters, highlighting the complexity of mechanisms predisposing to stroke and influencing recovery afterwards.

The A.A. report the case of a 32 year-old woman, in whom systemic lupus erythematosus had been diagnosed 5 years previously. The patient had been in a relatively quiescent phase of her disease when she suddenly died from fulminant uncontrolled shock and multi-organ failure. An SLE disease exacerbation or sepsis, in which the inflammatory process induced multiple leucothombotic phenomena, may have been responsible for the clinical evolution observed.

While citizen participation in policymaking is on the rise worldwide, the scholarly debate centring around its evaluation has not developed to the same extent. The article discusses the methodology and findings of the evaluation of the project "Portugal Participa: Caminhos para a Inovação Societal" which started at the end of 2014, and was implemented in 2015 and 2016, in Portugal. As the project promoted actions at both national and local levels, the evaluation accounted for both layers with a major focus on the analysis of procedures and outputs to examine its success. Through the application of a multi-method approach - data collection and analysis, cost-effectiveness assessment, interviews, pre-post surveys, and counterfactual focus groups - involving a wide array of agents - political representatives, civil servants, NGOs, citizens, national academia, and the funding sponsor - findings have helped retrieve three main insights that aim to contribute to future research on the evaluation of citizen participation in policymaking, which should shed light on: the (re)connection of multiple agents; the role within the governance systems; and the pursuit of social inclusion.

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New Zealand is the southernmost limit of the common dolphin's (genus Delphinus) distribution in the Pacific Ocean. In this area, common dolphins occur in both coastal and oceanic habitats, exhibit seasonal and resident occurrence, and present high morphological variability. Here we investigated the population structure and the taxonomic identity of common dolphins (Delphinus sp.) within New Zealand waters using 14 microsatellite loci, 577 bp of the mtDNA control region, and 1,120 bp of the mtDNA cytochrome b gene across 90 individuals. We found high genetic variability and evidence of population expansion. Phylogenetic analyses conducted to clarify the taxonomic status of New Zealand common dolphins did not show any clustering reflecting geographic origin or morphotypes. The microsatellite analysis showed genetic differentiation between Coastal and Oceanic putative populations, while mtDNA revealed significant genetic differentiation only between the Hauraki Gulf and other putative groups. Our results suggest that differences in habitat choice and possible female site fidelity may play a role in shaping population structure of New Zealand common dolphins.

Delphinine dolphins arose via a recent, rapid radiation, probably within the last four million years. Although molecular phylogenies are increasingly well resolved, patterns of morphology-ecology-geography are hard to link to phylogeny or to translate into taxonomy. Such problems might be tackled through understanding the drivers of the delphinine radiation. Here, we examine delphinine historical biogeography using the phylogeny of McGowen et al. (Mol Phylogenet Evol 53:891–906, 2009) as our working hypothesis. We used the “Spatial Analysis of Vicariance” method to delimit modern distribution patterns, including disjunctions involving sister nodes in the Delphininae. The analysis identified disjunct sister nodes, allowing some interpretation of Delphininae biogeography. The Central American Seaway was probably an important gateway for early delphinids, but the succeeding “hard” barrier of the Panama Isthmus had little influence. Southern African waters form the Atlantic-Indo-Pacific gateway, which is sometimes considered a “soft” barrier because of the variation in the Benguela and Agulhas currents, in turn driven by tectonic changes and/or Pleistocene glacial and interglacial cycles. The latter cycles probably fragmented coastal habitats, allowing allopatric speciation. Geological patterns of turnover in Southern Ocean diatoms, which link to physical oceanic change, closely match the main cluster of delphinine divergences. The Eastern Pacific Barrier, and perhaps the associated Humboldt Current and equatorial “cold tongue,” affect modern distributions, but cause and effect are poorly understood. Future research should involve molecular-morphological phylogenetics for all species, subspecies, and ecomorphs. Complete distributions must be known for all taxa to understand how vicariance and dispersal shaped the distribution of delphinines.