RCAAP Repository

Social innovation is an important dimension of current transformations in energy systems. It can refer to alternative business models, novel policy instruments, financing schemes, participatory governance approaches to energy questions, or new discourses. Its significance for energy systems is often considered in narrow instrumentalist terms, reducing it to a tool serving particular policy objectives. Grounding the concept in social science and humanities insights, this review essay proposes a broadened social innovation understanding. We propose 1) to open up the normative complexity of the concept; 2) to appreciate the multi-actor nature of social innovation; 3) to understand it as an analytical entry point for socio-material intertwinement; and, 4) to understand social innovation as premised on experimentalism-based intervention logics. The proposed social innovation understandings provide a broader imagination and strategizing of structural changes in energy systems.

En los últimos años Portugal presenció un movimiento para salvaguardar las tiendas históricas qui culminó con la aprobación de un programa de reconocimiento y apoyo, primero en Lisboa y luego en otras ciudades. En este texto se pretende situar este programa dentro de una secuencia de medidas de apoyo al sector minorista, en el marco de alteración en las políticas públicas y formas de gobernabilidad. El argumento contiene dos componentes interconectados. Por un lado, se pretende demostrar que la evolución de la política pública dentro del sector refleja un creciente enfoque en el territorio, con una movilización del apoyo a las unidades comerciales con el fin de fortalecer la competencia entre las empresas y su valorización en la contienda entre territorios. Por otro lado, se resalta que dicha evolución se articula con un fortalecimiento empresarial en la gestión urbana. En el trabajo se repasan las funciones del sector minorista urbano, valorizando su dimensión social y espacial. Después de dar cuenta de las alteraciones evidenciadas en la intervención pública frente al comercio minorista en el caso portugués, se presenta el programa "Tiendas con Historia" en Lisboa y algunos problemas que surgen del mismo. Por último, se hace una síntesis concluyente que resalta las medidas de las políticas que han sido puestas en práctica teniendo como objetivo la salvaguarda del comercio tradicional de proximidad en las áreas comerciales.

Em 388, animado pela exegese recebida de Ambrósio e das cartas paulinas (sobretudo Coríntios I), Agostinho lança-se pela primeira vez na tarefa interpretativa dos capítulos iniciais do Génesis – obsessão que o acompanhará durante toda a sua vida. Embora movido pelo propósito inicial de responder às objecções do maniqueísmo, na verdade esta paixão hermenêutica pela narrativa da Criação – a que regressará noutras quatro diversas ocasiões – abre a porta a novas formas de pensar o Homem, pensar as Escrituras e pensar Deus. A introdução e notas à tradução de De Genesi contra Manichaeos Libri II e de De Genesi ad Litteram Imperfectus Liber aqui propostas pretendem apresentar o ponto de partida intelectual de Agostinho quanto a estas matérias, demonstrando o quão determinantes foram na estrutura do seu pensamento quanto ao Pecado Original, ao Tempo ou à Trindade, mas sobretudo na verdadeira revolução que então se operava na espiritualidade ocidental – a ideia de um Deus incorpóreo e intemporal.

En las últimas décadas, la economía urbana de muchas ciudades occidentales ha experimentado transformaciones significativas. [...] Utilizando la revisión sistemática como herramienta metodológica, este artículo tiene como objetivo elaborar un estado de la cuestión sobre los BID, vistos como un nuevo modelo de gobernanza urbana, buscando identificar los elementos cruciales que los definen. También analizaremos la amplia difusión internacional de estas experiencias de gobernanza urbana y la manera de cómo se ajustan a las especificidades de los diferentes países

Considered one of the fathers of Angolan literature and one among the most important contemporary writers in Portuguese, in 1961 José Luandino Vieira was arrested because of his participation to the struggle for independence in Angola. He would spend the next twelve years in confinement, first in Luanda and later in the notorious Tarrafal prison camp (Cabo Verde). While in detention, Vieira wrote most of his literary works, alongside a series of notebooks in which he reported his thoughts, feelings and literary and political considerations. Forty years after the independence of Angola, Vieira’s notebooks were published in a volume titled Papéis da prisão: Apontamentos, diário, correspondência (1962-1971). In this dissertation, I focus on the intersections between history, literature and the writing of the self that can be observed in Vieira’s prison writings. I defend that, while the prison diaries cast a new light on the writer’s literary production, they can also bring new elements to the history of Angola, having an impact on how the history of the struggle will be remembered in the future. Starting from a reflection on the issue of punishment and on prison as an instrument of social control, I question how the writings related to their locale of production, how the carceral experience had shaped them and how it was reflected in them.

A garantia da qualidade depende da competência demonstrada pelo laboratório para produzir dados e resultados tecnicamente válidos. Actualmente, um dos principais objectivos do laboratório da Solvay Portugal é o reconhecimento da qualidade dos resultados que emite aos seus clientes. Para tal, pretende a sua acreditação segundo a norma EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005, nos parâmetros contemplados na Licença Ambiental LA 161/2008 do efluente industrial geral da fábrica, E2. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no laboratório da Solvay Portugal, e teve como objectivos a validação dos métodos, segundo as normas correspondentes, e cálculo de incertezas associadas aos valores dos seguintes parâmetros: Sólidos Suspensos Totais, pH, Crómio Hexavalente, Crómio Total, Azoto Amoniacal, Carência Química de Oxigénio. No desenvolvimento do trabalho foram utilizadas as seguintes técnicas: Gravimetria, Potenciometria, Espectrometria de Absorção Molecular, Titulimetria e Espectrometria de Emissão Atómica com plasma acoplado induzido, ICP-AES.

With this comparative study, we aim for a better understanding of the role of the origin country in shaping migration aspirations. Using experimental data collected among a sample of Master students in Portugal and the Netherlands, we tested whether the impact of labour market and welfare state-related factors on migration aspirations varied between these two origin countries. In line with our expectation, potential gains of migration in terms of job opportunities and wages had a stronger positive impact on migration aspirations for the Portuguese as compared with the Dutch respondents. For Portugal and the Netherlands alike, migration aspirations were lower when the level of unemployment benefits in the destination country was lower than in the origin country. Our findings indicated that conditions in the origin country, as well as the individual's life stage, shape which characteristics of the destination country are most important for migration aspirations.

O objectivo da Newsletter do Instituto de Saúde Baseado na Evidência (ISBE) é a disponibilização de informação sobre áreas relevantes para a prática clínica, baseada na melhor evidência científica. São localizados estudos relevantes e de alta qualidade, criticamente avaliados pela sua validade, importância dos resultados e aplicabilidade prática e resumidos numa óptica de suporte à decisão clínica. É dada prioridade aos estudos de causalidade – revisões sistemáticas, ensaios clínicos, estudos de coorte prospectivos/retrospectivos, estudos seccionais cruzados e caso‐controlo – incluindo‐se ainda, quando justificado, estudos qualitativos considerados de elevada qualidade metodológica e importância clínica.

Background: In 2010, changes were made to the shift pattern of neurology residents for cover in the Emergency Department at a university hospital. This resulted in a decrease in the number of emergency hours worked by neurology specialists and allowed for a natural quasi-experiment. Aim: We aimed to evaluate if changes to the number of emergency hours worked by neurology residents and specialist neurologists, (intervention) altered the number or pattern of admitted stroke mimics (SMs). Methods: Observational retrospective study from January 2007 to December 2013. Time of intervention was set as August 2010. We used a segmented linear regression – ARIMA – to evaluate changes in the temporal pattern of admitted SMs. A statistical correlation between the number of emergency hours worked by neurology residents and the number of admitted SMs was calculated using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Results: Of the 2,552 patients admitted to the stroke unit, 290 were SMs (11.4%). After August 2010, there was an increase in the number of admitted SMs ( p = 0.003). After 2010, the most frequent SM diagnosis changed from a psychiatric condition to peripheral vertigo. A positive correlation was found between the number of hours worked primarily by neurology residents and the number of admitted SMs (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.94; p = 0.002). Conclusions: Changes in the pattern of Emergency Department shifts were associated with an increase in the rate of admitted SMs and with a higher number of mimics with a final diagnosis of peripheral vertigo.

Background: Some cases of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) have been associated with vigorous physical activity, including sports. Our research aimed to describe the association between SAH and sports and to identify the types of sports that were more frequently found as precipitating factors in a tertiary single-centre SAH register. Methods: We retrieved information from a prospectively collected SAH registry and reviewed discharge notes of acute SAH patients admitted to the Stroke Unit of Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, between 1995 and 2014. Results: Out of 738 patients included in the analysis, 424 (57.5%) cases of SAH were preceded by physical activity. Nine cases (1.2%) were associated with sports, namely running (2 cases), aerobics (2 cases), cycling, body balance, dance, surf and windsurf. Patients with SAH while practicing sports were younger than controls (average age 43.1 vs. 57.0 years; p = 0.007). In 1 patient, there was a report of trauma to the neck. Patients in the sports group only had Hunt and Hess scale grades 1 (11.1%) or 2 (88.9%) at admission, while patients in the control group had a wider distribution in severity. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that SAH precipitated by sports is not very frequent and is uncommonly related to trauma. Patients who suffered SAH associated with sports were younger and apparently had a milder clinical presentation.

Introduction: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy associated with inflammatory process (CAA-I) is a rare potentially treatable encephalopathy, characterized by an inflammatory response to vascular deposits of b-amyloid. We aimed to describe 3 clinical cases and perform a systematic review of all neuropathologically proved CAA-I case reports to describe its clinical and pathologic features and outcome under different treatments. Methods: We searched PubMed and Cochrane Library and screened references of included studies and review articles for additional citations. Outcome was classified at the last available follow-up by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results: A total of 67 publications, reporting on 155 patients, were included. Mean age was 66.9 years, and 53.5% were men. The most common clinical presentation was cognitive dysfunction (48.0%) followed by headaches (38.7%), seizures (36.7%), and pyramidal signs (20.0%). Perivascular and vasculitic inflammation with granuloma was the most common pathologic pattern (27.5%). Eighty-six percent were treated with corticosteroids and 33.9% with cyclophosphamide. Forty-two percent regained independence (mRS score 0-2), whereas 20.5% were left with a severe handicap (mRS score 3-5) and 37.5% died. There were no statistically significant differences in outcome between patients treated with therapy with corticosteroids alone comparing with those treated with combination corticosteroids with cytostatic agents. Conclusions: The most common clinical manifestation of CAA-I was cognitive dysfunction. The functional outcome was unfavorable in the majority of the patients, with death or severe disability in almost two third of the cases, despite treatment. No differences in outcome could be detected between patients treated with corticosteroids versus patients treated with cytostatics, combined with corticosteroids.

The illness experience encompasses not only several changes in bodily processes but also the very feeling of becoming ill. This seemingly non-scientific aspect of being sick is characterized by forms of uncanny body experiences and an unhomelike being-in-the-world. Both include disconcerting phenomena, feelings of fear, restlessness, and inexplicability. In this paper we discuss some contributions aiming to understand the illness experience, focusing on the concept of the uncanny. This life event brings changes in the familiarity of our world, revelation of what previously was and should have remained hidden, loss of control, and the certainty of mortality. The experience of uncanniness is here conceptualized as a psychopathological phenomenon that should be regarded as a general symptom of diseases and should be identified and approached. We discuss the impact of these considerations on medical practice, focusing on the role of physicians and ultimately on the purpose of medicine.

Philip Guston once said that when he leaves his studio, he would like to think he left behind a world of people, not a world of relationships between elements. My question: is why not leave them both? Can it be that a world of people is thought of as a world that is part of a figurative universe, and can it be that a world of relationships between elements is thought as a part of an abstract universe? Can it be that an universe may contain both worlds, and both worlds be part of the same painting? Modernist movements set free the figurative image. Posterior to this, Abstract Expressionism abolished the figured image, and developed an emphasis given to the treatment of matter. Now figurative painting faces a new paradigm - artists who develop this new type of figuration seem as concerned about the reasons they figure, as with the ways they figure. There is no longer a separation between what are the ways of conceiving, and what is conceived - matter and motive. Therefore, this text starts from the abstract painting and goes towards the figurative one, considering the hypothesis that figurative contemporary painters are born carrying the past of abstract art, thus enveloping their work in the concepts and valorizations that those movements sought to bring. It is understood that a movement such as Abstract Expressionism influenced contemporary painting definitely altering the way that painters deal with pictorial matter, some of them building a figuration that is involved in an abstract vocabulary. Following the same principle, the paintings of the author of this project are the object of a reflexion. The paintings are thought as a union between a world of material aspects, and a world of narrative representation - where motives like rural traditions or human relations have as munch importance as the tactile aspect of a painting - and the formation of an image is made by its desconstruction.

A disturbance of "minimal self," - of the immediate sense of mine-ness inherent in experience-is hypothesized to be the core disturbance in schizophrenia. Research with the Examination of Anomalous Self Experience (EASE) has demonstrated the selective aggregation of anomalous self-experiences in the schizophrenia spectrum. Conceptual research suggests that anomalous world experiences, including changes in the experience of space, time, and other persons, occur alongside anomalous self-experiences and are an important aspect of subjectivity in schizophrenia. The Examination of Anomalous World Experience (EAWE) is a recently published interview format designed to explore changes in world experience in schizophrenia. In the current study, 24 hospital outpatients with non-affective first-episode psychosis and 24 healthy-control participants were assessed with the EAWE and the EASE. First episode psychosis patients had total EAWE and EASE scores that were both, on average, significantly higher than the healthy-control group. EAWE and EASE scores were highly correlated, even after removing overlapping items. The distribution of EAWE items and subtypes in the first-episode psychosis sample was heterogeneous. We conclude that anomalous world experiences represent a relevant aspect of first-episode psychosis, and that they may be related to the self-disturbances thought to underlie schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Pro-inflammatory status has been implicated in depression and suicidal behaviors. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and cytokines, two types of inflammatory biomarkers, have been associated with suicide, independent of depression severity. How these biomarkers relate to each other is less clear. We measured plasma phospholipid levels of arachidonic acid (AA%), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA%), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA%) as a percentage of total phospholipids, as well as serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), in 80 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 24 healthy controls (HC). Individual PUFA and cytokine species were compared using ANOVA across four suicide risk-stratified groups: 1) highest-risk, recent (within 5 years) suicide attempters (n = 20); 2) high-risk, severe current suicidal ideators (having intent or plan) with no recent attempt history (n = 22); 3) low-risk, current non-ideators who were also lifetime non-attempters (n = 38); and 4) HC (n = 24). None of the participants were enrolled following an acute suicide attempt. Of biomarkers studied, only DHA% (p = 0.012) and IL-1β (p = 0.002) differed between groups. In post-hoc testing, DHA% was lower in attempters than ideators (p = 0.018) or MDD non-ideators (trend level, p = 0.073). IL-1β was lowest in attempters, differentiating them from ideators (p = 0.009) and HC (p = 0.004). Recent suicide attempt, one of the most powerful predictors of suicide risk, was also most closely tied to inflammatory indices in this study. Low DHA% as an indicator of suicide risk is consistent with previous reports; however, lower IL-1β was unexpected and may relate to acuity/chronicity of inflammation. There is a need for prospective studies of immune status with respect to suicidal behaviors.

Depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior are common among patients that suffered a first-episode psychosis. We searched Web of KnowledgeSM and Pubmed® for English and Portuguese original articles investigating prevalence of depressive symptoms and/or suicidal behavior and associated factors after first-episode psychosis. We included 19 studies from 12 countries, 7 studied depressive symptoms and 12 suicidal behavior. The findings confirm that depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior have high rates in the years after first-episode psychosis. Factors identified as being associated with depressive symptoms after first-episode psychosis were anomalies of psychosocial development, poor premorbid childhood adjustment, greater insight, loss, shame, low level of continuing positive symptoms and longer duration of untreated psychosis. Suicidal behavior was associated with previous suicide attempt, sexual abuse, comorbid polysubstance use, lower baseline functioning, longer time in treatment, recent negative events, older patients, longer duration of untreated psychosis, higher positive and negative psychotic symptoms, family history of severe mental disorder, substance use, depressive symptoms and cannabis use. Data also indicate that treatment and early intervention programs reduce depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior after first-episode psychosis. Future research should overcome some methodological discrepancies that exist between studies and limit generalization of current findings.

Em Le Chercheur d'or (1985) e Voyage à Rodrigues (1986), dois romances da autoria de J.-M. G. Le Clezio, e a viagem que estrutura a narrativa, criando uma ruptura entre o mundo civilizado, conhecido, e um outro, da natureza exaltada, que se deseja e se procura, ao sustentar assim a problematica da utopia. Como no modelo legado por Thomas More, a viagem permite, nestes textos, o distanciamento critico face a sociedade distopica, identificada com a civilizacao ocidental, ao mesmo tempo que propicia a defesa e a adesão aos valores e as praticas das culturas tradicionais, em comunhao com os elementos. Para aceder a este mundo da pureza original, os sentidos constituem um meio de acesso privilegiado. Le Clezio revela-nos que o que e utopico para uns e distopico para outros, que o seu sonho pode, a qualquer instante, tornar-se um pesadelo. Nestes textos, podemos observar uma dualidade permanente, uma tensao sem resolucao entre anti-utopia e utopia, assinalando o modo proprio do autor abordar e problematizar o genero. Trata-se de um projecto utopico abrangente que reflecte as fronteiras da ilha geografica no espaco da interioridade. Nesta perspectiva original, a viagem da utopia adquire uma dimensao ontologica, iniciatica e onirica. De configuracao espiralar, ela implicara o retorno do sujeito ao ponto de origem, como uma busca de si proprio, associando-se, todavia, a uma evolucao e transformacao. A utopia lecleziana da introspeccao parece assim situar-se a meio termo entre uma visao regressiva e progressista, projectando o ser na descoberta da sua identidade. A viagem utopica que nos propoe le Clezio nao se inscreve todavia num trajecto linear. Segue antes por caminhos labirinticos, rizomaticos, da perda e do reencontro ciclicos, dos meandros sinuosos, que o leitor «cooperante» percorre, numa tentativa de desvendar os sentidos ocultos do texto, desenvolvido segundo os principios da estetica pos-moderna, do heterogeneo, do descontinuo e do fragmentario. Por entre um interminavel jogo de reflexos, de estruturas especulares apoiadas na mise en abyme, herdada do Nouveau Roman, e recorrendo a tecnicas de multiplicacao, acumulacao e cruzamento de registos semióticos diferentes, Le Clezio apresenta uma forma actualizada do projecto utopico. Criando uma ruptura com movimentos literarios anteriores, mas tambem prolongando certas linhas da tradicao literaria, como a romantica e a simbolista, o autor produz uma obra assente na reescrita e na recomposicao que insistentemente procura a sua identidade perfeita e total.

In the actual scenario of biodiversity and taxonomic crisis, it is essential not only to increase the taxonomic research, but also to provide taxonomic tools that enable and support accurate identifications. The present study analyses the Polychaeta of the Southwestern Iberian Peninsula continental shelf collected during the campaigns SEPLAT 6 and 7 (Southwestern Portugal) and Fauna 1 (Gulf of Cádiz, Gibraltar Strait and Alborán Sea). This region is biogeographically very interesting, marking the distribution limit of many septentrional and tropical marine species, and being continuous with the Mediterranean, a region considered to have a high level of endemisms. The study of the collected material yielded a total of 259 species, distributed by 46 families. The number of identified taxa was similar between the two campaigns, but only 29.7% of the species were shared between the two. Six new species were identified among the collected and additional material. A checklist of the Portuguese Polychaeta was also compiled, with a total of 605 species being recorded so far. An European Fauna of the benthic Polychaeta was elaborated, with the main purpose of providing, in a single comprehensive work, information on the species occurring in the region, as well as a much needed taxonomic tool for their identification. This Fauna was based on the works published from 1758 to 2011, and complemented with the studied material from the southwestern Iberian Peninsula. The considered geographical area ranges from northern Norway and eastern Greenland to Madeira, Selvagens, Canarias, and Mauritania, and from Azores to the Caspian Sea, including the adjacent continental shelves, slopes and abyssal plains. Each of the 1937 discussed species is provided with the original reference, synonymies, selected references, geographical distribution, depth range, ecology, and taxonomic remarks, whenever considered necessary, based on bibliography and studied material. A total of 1840 species are keyed.

O objectivo desta revisão bibliográfica é perceber de que forma os antibióticos podem atingir o ambiente aquático e que efeitos podem surgir devido a essa contaminação. Os antibióticos são fármacos muito importantes tanto a nível humano como animal, mas o seu uso inadequado pode levar à sua ocorrência em vários locais por via de diversas fontes. A agricultura, o uso doméstico, o uso hospitalar, a aquacultura e a indústria podem difundir antibióticos no meio aquático incluindo a água superficial, água subterrânea e a água para consumo humano. A ocorrência destes fármacos no ambiente pode variar consoante a estação do ano e também consoante os hábitos de uso de cada país. Segundo alguns dados recolhidos, existe a suspeita que os antibióticos presentes na água podem ser um factor importante na criação de bactérias resistentes a antibióticos, assim como, alterar características de alguns seres-vivos marinhos podendo ter um efeito nefasto no ecossistema aquático.

Neste trabalho pretende-se apresentar o estado da arte da aplicação dos bacteriófagos como agentes para combater bactérias patogénicas dando-se especial relevo à terapia fágica, mostrando a sua evolução e o quadro regulamentar ao que está sujeita. A terapia fágica, conhecida à decadas, faz uso de bacteriófagos virulentos, vírus capazes de eliminar específicamente bactérias patogénicas. Contudo, após a descoberta e desenvolvimento de antibióticos, a terapia fágica só continuou a ser desenvolvida por países da Europa de Leste. Atualmente, o aumento de estirpes bacterianas resistentes aos antibióticos, tem despertado novamente o interesse pela terapia fágica. São numerosos os estudos pré-clinicos e clínicos realizados na Polónia e na Georgia que demonstram o potencial dos bacteriófagos como agentes terapêuticos no combate às infeções bacterianas. Contudo, a lacuna regulamentar existente em países da Europa occidental e Estados Unidos da América (EUA) tem dificultado a realização de ensaios clínicos robustos. Conclui-se que é necessária uma revisão pela European Medicines Agency (EMA) e a Food and Drug Administration (FDA), do quadro regulamentar a que a terapia fágica está sujeita para incentivar as companhias farmacêuticas a investir na realização de ensaios clínicos.