RCAAP Repository

No presente trabalho, analiso o ensino de História da Educação, partindo das necessidades e possibilidades de conhecimento exigidas ao técnico de educação: pedagogo, professor, formador, investigador. Tenho em atenção a multiplicidade das abordagens que podem ser adoptadas no ensino de História. O ensino da História debate-se com questões comuns à História da Educação, e a universidade é o locus principal onde o professor de História se forma. Na sequência, apresento dois programas de História da Educação, por mim organizados e implementados.

Background: Huntington's disease (HD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with protean clinical manifestations. Its management is challenging, consisting mainly of off-label treatments. Objectives: The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society commissioned a task force to review and evaluate the evidence of available therapies for HD gene expansion carriers. Methods: We followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Eligible randomized controlled trials were identified via an electronic search of the CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases. All eligible trials that evaluated one or more of 33 predetermined clinical questions were included. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A framework was adapted to allow for efficacy and safety conclusions to be drawn from the balance between the GRADE level of evidence and the importance of the benefit/harm of the intervention. Results: Twenty-two eligible studies involving 17 interventions were included, providing data to address 8 clinical questions. These data supported a likely effect of deutetrabenazine on motor impairment, chorea, and dystonia and of tetrabenazine on chorea. The data did not support a disease-modifying effect for premanifest and manifest HD. There was no eligible evidence to support the use of specific treatments for depression, psychosis, irritability, apathy, or suicidality. Similarly, no evidence was eligible to support the use of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, exercise, dietary, or surgical treatments. Conclusions: Data for therapeutic interventions in HD are limited and support only the use of VMAT2 inhibitors for specific motor symptoms.

Increasing evidence suggests a role for circadian dysregulation in prompting disease-related phenotypes in mammals. Cancer and neurodegenerative disorders are two aging related diseases reported to be associated with circadian disruption. In this study, we investigated a possible effect of circadian disruption in Parkinson's disease (PD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). We used high-throughput data sets retrieved from whole blood of idiopathic PD (IPD) patients and time course data sets derived from an in vitro model of CRC including the wildtype and three core-clock knockout (KO) cell lines. Several gene expression alterations in IPD patients resembled the expression profiles in the core-clock KO cells. These include expression changes in DBP, GBA, TEF, SNCA, SERPINA1 and TGFB1. Notably, our results pointed to alterations in the core-clock network in IPD patients when compared to healthy controls and revealed variations in the expression profile of PD-associated genes (e.g., HRAS and GBA) upon disruption of the core-clock genes. Our study characterizes changes at the transcriptomic level following circadian clock disruption on common cellular pathways associated with cancer and neurodegeneration (e.g., immune system, energy metabolism and RNA processing), and it points to a significant influence on the overall survival of colon cancer patients for several genes resulting from our analysis (e.g., TUBB6, PAK6, SLC11A1).

Pneumonia is one of the main causes of hospitalization and mortality. It's the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Healthcare-associated infections are the most frequent complication of healthcare and affect hundreds of millions of patients around the world, although the actual number of patients affected is unknown due to the difficulty of reliable data. The main goal of this manuscript is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of patients admitted with pneumonia and the impact of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) in those patients. It is a quantitative descriptive study with retrospective analysis of the clinical processes of 2436 individuals for 1 year (2018) with the diagnosis of pneumonia. The individuals with ≤5 years old represented 10.4% (n = 253) and ≥65 were 72.6% (n = 1769). 369 cases resulted in death, which gives a sample lethality rate of 15.2%. The severity and mortality index were not sensitive to the death event. We found 30.2% (n = 735) individuals with HCAP and 0.41% (n = 59) with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). In only 59 individuals (2.4%) the agent causing pneumonia was isolated. The high fatality rate obtained shows that pneumonia is a major cause of death in vulnerable populations. Moreover, HCAP is one of the main causes of hospital admissions from pneumonia and death and the most pneumonias are treated empirically. Knowledge of the epidemiology characterization of pneumonia, especially associated with healthcare, is essential to increase the skills of health professionals for the prevention and efficient treatment of pneumonia.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common systemic inflammatory rheumatic disease. It is associated with significant burden at the patient and societal level. Extensive efforts have been devoted to identifying a potential cause for the development of RA. Epidemiological studies have thoroughly investigated the association of several factors with the risk and course of RA. Although a precise etiology remains elusive, the current understanding is that RA is a multifactorial disease, wherein complex interactions between host and environmental factors determine the overall risk of disease susceptibility, persistence and severity. Risk factors related to the host that have been associated with RA development may be divided into genetic; epigenetic; hormonal, reproductive and neuroendocrine; and comorbid host factors. In turn, environmental risk factors include smoking and other airborne exposures; microbiota and infectious agents; diet; and socioeconomic factors. In the present narrative review, aimed at clinicians and researchers in the field of RA, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of the current knowledge on this topic, focusing on recent progresses that have improved our comprehension of disease risk and development.

Com este estudo pretende-se apresentar ao leitor a problemática da sexualidade no Mundo Clássico, com particular incidência no que as sociedades contemporâneas designam por homossexualidade, discutindo os conceitos implícitos, indicando as fontes disponíveis para a realização do estudo (reunindo para isso um pequeno «corpus» de textos) e problematizando perspectivas de análise e de discussão.

This essay examines a passage by Flavius Josephus, that of King Saul’s visit to the witch of En-Dor (AJ 6, 327-339), in which the Hellenistic historian paraphrases the biblical text (1 Sam 28: 21-25), but amplifying it considerably. In this amplification, Josephus makes use of his Hellenistic tools and recreates a scene of Necromancy with evident resonances in the surrounding cultures, being Josephus’ passage comparable to, and probably influenced by, other Greek texts and Latin narratives as the Odyssey, the Persians by Aeschylus, the Hecale by Callimachus, the Metamorphoses by Ovid and, above all, the Pharsalia or On the Civil War by Lucanus. It is thus proved, once again, that Flavius Josephus was notoriously a man of his time.

This volume allowed us to gather Brazilian, Spanish, French, Greek, Italian and Portuguese specialists who search about magic and superstition in the Ancient Mediterranean. The theme circled around the relationship between magic, religion and superstition in different ancient societies and with a sharp updated bibliography which leads us to reflect on the relationship between men and the gods and their different magical religious manifestations.

Feminisms and neo-Malthusianisms emerged in France as movements at the end of the nineteenth century. The neo-Malthusian feminists were a minority among feminists and within the neo-Malthusians. Nevertheless, they defended original topics which remained taboo at their time like the right for women to access abortion and sexual pleasure. These demands were part of a broader agenda that two French neo-Malthusian feminists, Madeleine Pelletier (1874-1939) and Nelly Roussel (1878-1922), both qualified as “integral feminism”, understood as the economic, intellectual, legal, political, religious, sexual and social emancipation of women. In such a wide range of claims, this article focuses on a comparative approach of how Pelletier and Roussel became neo-Malthusian “integral feminists”, analysing the similitudes and differences in their trajectories and showing how their literary production was a significant part of their activism.

In recent years, images of climate catastrophe have become commonplace. However, Black visions of the confluence of the Anthropocene and the apocalypse have been largely ignored. As we argue in this article, Black social thought offers crucial resources for drawing out the implicit exclusions of dominant representations of climate breakdown and developing an alternative account of the planet’s future. By reading a range of critical race theorists, from Frederick Douglass and W. E. B. Du Bois to Octavia Butler and Ta-Nehisi Coates, we propose a rethinking of the climate apocalypse. The African American theoretical and cultural tradition elaborates an image of the end of the world that emphasises the non-revelatory nature of climate catastrophe, warns against associating collapse with rebirth, and articulates a mode of maroon survivalism in which the apocalypse is an event to be endured and escaped rather than fatalistically expected or infinitely delayed.

O texto recai sobre a evolução do Município nas suas diferentes acepções e muito particularmente sobre alfabetização, escolarização e sociabilidade escrita. A investigação recai sbre as dimensões processuais da acção, da materialidade, no que se refere à rede escolar, aos contextos político e educativo, ao papel dos protagonistas, à frequência e aproveitamento escolar, à apropriação escrita. No decurso da investigação, tornaram-se mais visíveis o contraste entre a zona rural e a zona industrial-urbana, bem assim como a associação entre a escolarização e os sectores económicos secundário e terciário.

Siblings' lives and well-being are potentially affected in profound ways when their brother or sister suffers from a chronic illness in childhood. The shift in the care of chronically ill children from the hospital to the home in recent years has had an impact on family relationships and interactions. Whilst studies on caregiving have focused on the parental care of children who are chronically ill; siblings may nevertheless take on some caring roles and responsibilities. This article intends to make a novel contribution to the sociological literature on siblings, caring, and chronic illness by presenting a review of the literature addressing siblings' caring roles and responsibilities in families of children with a chronic illness. Knowing about the caring roles and responsibilities undertaken by siblings when a brother or sister has a chronic illness, may be beneficial to healthcare professionals and influence their caring practice. In addition, this work may contribute to a better understanding of family relationships and further improve healthcare policies.

This chapter examines the discourse of the Portuguese right-wing populist André Ventura and compares it with his close counterparts, Santiago Abascal, Marine Le Pen, and Matteo Salvini. The empirical analysis is focused on the 2021 presidential campaign and looks at Twitter and YouTube as parts of an integrated political communication strategy that are used as tools of exposure and message dissemination. The results show how André Ventura appropriates the features of right-wing populism but adapts those to the Portuguese specific context as a strategy to gain both wider media visibility and popular support.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors that form a distinct entity. Approximately 75-80% of patients present with liver metastases at the time of their diagnosis, and 20%-25% will develop these lesions in the course of their disease. The presence of secondary deposits in the liver significantly increases the morbidity and mortality in these patients. The only potentially curative treatment is the surgical resection of the primary tumor and hepatic lesions. However, only 10% of patients presents under ideal conditions for that approach. Several techniques aimed at localized liver lesions have been applied also with interesting results in terms of survival and symptom control. The same has been demonstrated with new systemic therapies (target therapies). However, these are still under study, in order to define their true role in the management of these patients. This paper intends to address, in a general way, the various treatment options in patients with liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors.

Despite news about the new virus SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 grabbing the headlines in the beginning of 2020, life and work carried on as normal in most academic labs. Lab projects were the focus, results discussed face-to-face and hypothesis dismissed. Conferences were attended in person and flights to the next meeting often booked already. By March, the seriousness became clear. With surrounding countries reporting increasing number of infections, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was a matter of time, with the first two Portuguese cases reported at the start of March. Newspapers reported the cases with warnings not to be alarmist and that officials would calmly follow the evolution of the events (see here). However, how do you follow the spread of a virus, especially when it is new and capacity to detect it is limited?

Background and purpose: Contingent negative variation (CNV) is a negative cortical wave that precedes a pre-cued imperative stimulus requiring a quick motor response. It has been related to motor preparation and anticipatory attention. The aim was to ascertain whether the clinical improvement of functional movement disorders after physiotherapy would be associated with faster reaction times and modulation of CNV. Methods: Motor performance and CNV were analysed during a pre-cued choice reaction time task with varying cue validity. Twenty-one patients with functional movement disorders and 13 healthy controls at baseline were compared. Patients then underwent physiotherapy. At follow-up after physiotherapy, patients were categorized as clinically improved (responders) or not improved (non-responders) and retested. Results: At baseline, patients did not generate CNV, contrary to controls [mean amplitude (µV) at the end of preparation to move: patients -0.47 (95% CI -1.94, 1.00) versus controls -2.59 (95% CI -4.46, -0.72)]. Responders performed faster after physiotherapy [mean natural logarithm (ln) reaction time (RT) (ms): follow-up 6.112 (95% CI 5.923, 6.301) versus baseline 6.206 (95% CI 6.019, 6.394), P = 0.010], contrary to non-responders. Simultaneously, responders showed a recovery of CNV after physiotherapy [follow-up -1.95 (95% CI -3.49, -0.41) versus baseline -0.19 (95% CI -1.73, 1.35), P < 0.001], contrary to non-responders [follow-up -0.32 (95% CI -1.79, 1.14) versus baseline -0.72 (95% CI -2.19, 0.75), P = 0.381]. Conclusions: Clinical improvement of functional movement disorders after physiotherapy was associated with faster reaction times and normalization of CNV, which was absent at baseline. These findings suggest that CNV may constitute a useful neurophysiological biomarker related to abnormal attention in functional movement disorders.

Risk amplification and spatial planning strategies are becoming increasingly intertwined, due to frequency and intensification of recurrent disasters, as a result of climate change. Promoted under the United Nations, the Sendai Framework for Disaster risk Reduction (2015-2030) set the priority of “investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience”, and therefore is committed with the mainstreaming of disaster risk assessment into land-use and spatial planning. In this research we present RiskOTe, a framework that aims at integrating the risk management component into municipal planning. RiskOTe is therefore a decision support system to assist spatial planning integrating the risk management components at the local level. RiskOTe tool is presented in order to explain its theoretical concepts, components (e.g., spatial database), and interface models. We use a case study to illustrate how the system operates.

When museums across the world closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and staff struggled to rethink their new roles in a challenging and unprecedented context, youth collectives – long-term programs for teens and young adults, aged 15–24 – reinvented themselves. The focus of my research is the digital projects developed during lockdown by youth collectives in three metropolitan contemporary art museums. These include MOCA Teens, the MCA Youth Committee and Duchamp & Sons, based, respectively, at LA MOCA (U.S.A.), MCA Australia, and Whitechapel Gallery (U.K.). They adjusted quickly to the new digital pace and devised creative communication and mediation strategies that allowed their collaborative work to continue online. For this research, I combined the analysis of the digital content they produced – websites, social media and podcasts – with interviews I did with the museum educators leading each program. The success of these projects is grounded on a shared trust between museums, educators, and participants.

Um índice de risco de incêndio foi aplicado às 972 freguesias da região Centro de Portugal Continental, integrando três dimensões: perigosidade, exposição e vulnerabilidade social. As freguesias do setor centro-sul apresentam níveis de risco mais elevados. Os padrões espaciais variam para cada dimensão; a vulnerabilidade mais elevada ocorre nas freguesias dos setores oriental e centro-sul, enquanto a perigosidade mais alta se localiza numa faixa N-S no setor central da região. As estratégias de redução de risco devem ser ajustadas de acordo com a relevância de cada dimensão.

Confessadamente um apaixonado pelo drama clássico, João Canijo adaptou ao grande ecrã versões da tragédia grega, todavia reformuladas e ambientadas à realidade portuguesa dos séculos XX e XXI. Canijo insere-se assim naquela que é já uma tradição cinematográfica que, desde pelo menos os anos 40 do século passado, tem levado ao grande ecrã o mito de Electra, adaptado de forma mais ou menos explícita, relativamente aos textos gregos de base. Electra deverá ser mesmo uma das personagens da cultura grega mais interpretadas e relidas na cinematografia, sendo João Canijo um dos autores que para esta forma moderna de reescrita do mito contribuiu. Este estudo analisa a sua proposta de leitura do mito de Electra.