RCAAP Repository

The present study aims to describe the occurrences of coral bleaching and other benthic cnidarians on the rocky shore of Forno Beach (Arraial do Cabo, RJ), observed in February (summer) and May (autumn) 2019, relating them to possible ocean warming events. The thermal anomalies charts were taken by INMET and the fieldwork were developed based on the AGRRA Protocol. Two 10 m long transects were used, placed continuously and parallel to the larger rocky shore axis, where quadrats of 36X36 cm were distributed at positions demarcated in 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 m along these transects and photographed to obtain the data. The total number of colonies, number of bleached colonies and the average area of each species of benthic cnidarians affected by different bleaching intensities (strong degree and weak degree) were calculated. Four species of benthic cnidarian have been identified, among them the Millepora alcicornis and the Palythoa caribaeorum were the ones that suffer bleaching (strong degree and weak degree), with an increase mainly of the strong degree in the month of May - a period preceded by a thermal anomaly of 2.0 oC throughout the month of March and in the second half of April; while the Siderastrea stellata and Zoanthus sp. did not suffer bleaching.

Mining corporations invest significant financial and human resources in advertising and marketing campaigns on television, in the written press and on social media. By doing this, they not only propagate their "good" social and environmental actions, but also disseminate the belief in mining as a sustainable and risk-free economic activity. In the article we discuss the political strength presented by the images (photographs, videos, memes, etc.) broadcasted after the disasters caused by the rupture of mining dams, such as those that occurred in Brazil in 2015 and 2019, to soil the reputation of mining corporations such as Vale. To answer these questions, we resort to the concepts of invisibility policies and political potential of catastrophes formulated by Ulrich Beck. We conclude that critical mining groups and movements have a fundamental role in establishing causal links between what happened (the “present” of the images) and the social, economic and political processes (the “past” of the images) that preceded the disasters and explain them.

The Sendai framework advocates the development of a culture that promotes the participation of the population in disaster management, for which education for disaster risk reduction (DRRE) in formal, non-formal and informal ways is important. Research and practices on DRRE are relatively recent, showing an urgent need to advance the conception of methodologies for such actions. In November 2019, the mini-course "Educational for Risk and Disaster Reduction" was held by the authors in Campos dos Goytacazes for participants of the II International Seminar on Socio-Environmental Risks and Disaster. The main objective of the article is to present and discuss the results of the practical section of the course in which the participants, organized in groups of five, elaborated games to be used in DRRE. These aspects were observed in this production: an interdisciplinary approach of the theme, the concern with its contextualization with the local reality, and the promotion of interactivity and exchange of knowledge.

In a world built by processes of vulnerability and abyssal inequalities, could we classify the Covid-19 pandemic as a natural biological disaster? The process of naturalizing crises caused by health emergencies, such as the pandemic, or disasters in general, is a trend in the way in which the Western imagination deals with these problems. The construction of communication about the pandemic follows this trend and we can follow this naturalization, as a modus operandi, whether in a pandemic or in a disaster, when considered natural. This essay follows this modus operandi in its step-by-step approach to the coronavirus pandemic. How is a disaster or pandemic naturalized? The act of naturalizing extreme events seeks to stabilize facts. This "natural" perception would be indifferent to human, amoral, and timeless action, and characterized by an automatism commanded by allegedly immutable laws - physical, natural or as immutable as: from God. It is quite clear that “natural” and “divine” are synonymous here. Naturalizing, objectifying, reifying, outlining, limiting, isolating: this is how facts and their nature are constructed! Here, however, we also have the invisibility of the process of population vulnerability: the belief in a flat world and a round virus!

From a perspective of the anthropology of risk and disasters, we investigate the production and consolidation of successive vulnerabilities that occur during the social construction of risk through industrial pollution in the northern oilfields of the province of Neuquén in Argentine Patagonia. The case of the Mapuce community of Nehuen Kura provides the line of analysis which integrates in a historical manner the different life aspects of communities in environments degraded, at times, to a condition of a "sacrificial area". We describe the direct effects of extractive intrusions on the natural and constructed environment, as well as the effects of State directives that derive from prevailing models of development and access to common goods by aboriginal communities and extractive industries. We develop a critical ethnography and employ multiple methodological strategies to reveal the forms of control -or its absence- in the face of the slow and steady generation of a disaster, and expose the cultural expressions of suffering caused by the effects of disaster and risk. This allows us to detect qualitative variables and indicators that permit the integration of subjectivity through a category of "sacrifice" which accompanies local adaptive strategies. In this way, we contribute to the discussion on the definition and uses of social vulnerability as it relates to the disaster risk associated with development projects.

Interventions in river environments are measures taken by men since they have become sedentary. In the Campista lowland, the main objective of these interventions was to create the ideal conditions for the establishment of the sugar agro-industry and the expansion of sugarcane cultivation areas. To achieve this, a wide drainage of the wetland and lacustrine surfaces of the region was carried out through the deployment of a network of artificial channels. Currently, it is clear that these structures acted so that they intensified the consequences of environmental disasters deflagrated by floods and droughts. Given this context, this work presents a historic review of this drainage process, as well as assessment of the environmental consequences of such interventions, especially those regarding the hydrology of river environments that characterize the low courses of rivers, and the worsening of extreme hydrological events which eventually cause environmental disasters.

The emergency decree has been a recurring practice in the public administration which announces the existence of an unmanageable crisis within the management routines. Such an announcement generates legal backing for changing the method of capturing and using public resources as well as the type of socio-political relationship between government authority and the citizens. When the emergency decree ceases to be an exceptional practice and normalizes, regardless of the disasters that justify it, a worrying breach opens that could threaten the pillars of democratic life. This sociological essay focuses on the above problem by analyzing the main aspects highlighted in the recent international debate on the subject. And it illustrates aspects of the dynamics of emergency decrees in Brazil. The results point to the risks that the emergency legislation offers as a triptych mechanism – ethical, practical, and logical-operative – liable to reorient public institutions towards anti-democratic purposes.

The rapid advance of Covid-19 cases in Brazil and worldwide has generated the need to build field hospitals (FH) to serve the population. However, the construction of such FHs has also generated management difficulties for the various stakeholders involved. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the relationship of stakeholders in the construction of FH based on the Stakeholder Theory. Considering the FH built in the state of Rio de Janeiro as a typical case of complexity regarding the different types of private and public management, 16 FH in the state are analyzed. The results reveal similar relationship structures in FH funded by the private, state and municipal initiatives. However, the differences associated with greater clarity in the flow of ideals, influences and interests of stakeholders involved in private initiative FH are evidence that this aspect in the stakeholder management leads to greater success in the result delivered to the population, thus reinforcing the principles of the Stakeholder Theory. Such results can support the action of professionals involved in the construction of FH in Brazil, and also serve as input for future research on stakeholder management in disaster operations.

Conforme as concepções de Maingueneau (1997), o qual enfatiza a relevância de considerarmos as condições de produção diante do uso das aspas, este trabalho visa discutir os efeitos de sentido sinalizados pelo sinal gráfico, que, além de marca linguística, é um recurso discursivo-argumentativo presente no gênero jornalístico artigo de opinião, no qual o teor opinativo sobressai. Adotamos a metodologia da pesquisa exploratória com base nas teorias discursivas, abarcando as perspectivas de, sobretudo, Maingueneau (1997), Charaudeau (2013), Orlandi (2008) e Pêcheux (1997). Em uma abordagem qualitativa, analisamos o artigo de opinião “Trump e Bolsonaro: aves de mesma plumagem”, publicado na Folha de São Paulo, para investigarmos os efeitos de sentido que as aspas desempenham em enunciados variados. Os resultados evidenciam que é fundamental considerar os aspectos circunstanciais do processo discursivo para a interpretação dos efeitos de sentido gerados pelas aspas e que o gênero artigo de opinião tem muito a oferecer para uma análise linguístico-discursiva devido às articulações elaboradas com a premissa de persuadir os leitores a aderirem a um ponto de vista, segundo o posicionamento do articulista sobre o tema desenvolvido no texto.

Um dos principais arranjos que visam garantir a integração social das Universidades se dá através de redes. No município de Macaé, interior do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, o governo local incentivou o potencial científico, com a cooperação entre as diversas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) localizadas na região, através da implementação do Observatório da Cidade de Macaé. Este artigo tem como objetivo discorrer acerca da criação de um núcleo de estudo e pesquisa interinstitucional e intersetorial, com espaços de análise e reflexão compartilhados. Para tanto, optou-se por uma pesquisa prática sobre a história do núcleo com fins de intervenção. Foi possível verificar que o compartilhamento de espaços físicos e a produção de conhecimento sobre diferentes pontos de vista ocorrem com embates políticos, ideológicos, de saberes variados, com possibilidade de avanços, por vezes inerentes ao próprio diálogo entre pessoas e instituições. Neste processo, percebeu-se a incorporação de diversos atores – gestores municipais, agentes públicos, docentes, estudantes, representantes de instituições privadas e da sociedade – dinamizando a produção e difusão de conhecimentos com ênfase em Macaé e na região.

Este artigo tem como objetivo contar a história da implementação da Universidade Federal Fluminense em Macaé. Para isso, foi necessário identificar o surgimento da UFF em 1960 a partir da Lei 3.848, à época nomeada como Uferj, que contou com diversas lutas estudantis e políticas. Após a referida etapa, o estudo traz o enfoque para a história da instituição em Macaé, o convênio com a Fundação Educacional de Macaé (FUNEMAC) em 1992, e finalmente a criação do Instituto de Ciências da Sociedade de Macaé, em 2013, com eleições diretas no ano de 2015 e, mais recentemente, com a inauguração do Bloco D da Cidade Universitária. Para esta pesquisa bibliográfica foram usadas fontes primárias e secundárias, como o site da UFF e do ICM, documentos oficiais e jornais locais. Os resultados apontam para a importância do Ensino Superior na sociedade, em especial em um contexto de interiorização.

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This article proposes the discussion of some fiscal, economic, and social aspects, namely, impacts on municipal accounts, decrease of oil revenues, retraction of the Gross Domestic Product, and formal labor market, resulting from the global crisis in commodity trade between 2014 and 2018, and their consequences on the main municipalities of the Rio de Janeiro State oil province - Campos dos Goytacazes, Macaé, Rio das Ostras, and S. João da Barra. The authors demonstrate the systemic chain between the impacts, from decline in the values ​​received as oil revenues, and acknowledge that new general and specific indicators for each municipality are necessary to expand and deepen the understanding of the crisis.

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School is not a neutral space - it is populated by subjects who have marks of gender identity, race, class and sexual orientation, among others. The denial that we live in a society that exploits and excludes women, people of color, LGBTQIA+ population, the poor, shows how school system can be the place where these oppressions are perpetuated. Sexist education creates and disseminates oppressions while being grounded upon them; therefore, it cannot be a liberating education, as defended by Paulo Freire. However, education can and must play an important role in combating inequality and building a more just society. That is why it is essential to discuss the theories and practices of an anti-sexist education. The methodology is based on a review of the literature and report of experiences within the Federal Fluminense Institute. The main goal of this article is to focus on concrete actions of a feminist, libertarian and affirmative education, which reveals the subjective anxieties and collective conflicts that, since long before the pandemic, has afflicted us and that will leave profound marks on our generation.

The study analyzed the relationship between nutrient splitting (N and K) and population density on the severity of onion downy mildew under no-tillage cultivation within the conditions of Alto Vale do Itajaí (Brazil). For this purpose, field trials were conducted in the years 2017, 2018 and 2019, in Ituporanga (Brazil). The treatments corresponded to four plant densities (300, 400, 500 and 600 thousand plants ha-1) submitted to applications of nitrogen (150 kg N ha-1) and potassium (127.5 kg K2O ha-1). The doses of nutrients were distributed along the vegetative cycle of the culture via fertigation on a weekly, biweekly and monthly, based on the absorption curve of nutrients for the cultivar Empasc 352 - Bola Precoce. In fertigated no-tillage systems, the distribution of nutrients (N and K) does not influence the severity of downy mildew. Mildew severity increases linearly with increasing population density especially from 500 thousand plants per ha-1.

The article discusses the context of production of quantitative data on school dropout at the Federal Network of Vocational and Technological Education in Brazil, especially at vocational high schools, between 2003 and 2015. Based on documental analysis and interviews with managers, the actions of the federal government in the formulation of indicators that quantify school dropout are presented. The study focuses on changes in the databases, forms of calculations, and institutional structure and culture required to measure dropout. The institutional choices of the federal government to deal with dropout reveal the complexity of the problem, as well as the limits and possibilities of the implemented public policies. This demonstrates a regulatory and evaluative State away from the modes of combating school dropout.

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O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as concepções de criatividade que embasam as proposições presentes na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) no componente curricular Língua Portuguesa. Justifica-se tal estudo pela crescente relevância socialmente atribuída à criatividade e à sua expressão. Inicia-se pela análise de alguns conceitos e perspectivas sobre o fenômeno da criatividade. Em seguida, analisam-se as ocorrências do termo “criatividade” e cognatos na BNCC, buscando relacionar as manifestações do documento às concepções teóricas discutidas previamente. Por fim, destacamos que, apesar do uso frequente de termos como “criativo”, nas seções de Língua Portuguesa da BNCC, não encontramos uma abordagem sistemática e crítica do tema. A criatividade está vinculada, sobretudo, à produção textual, em especial à construção de narrativas ficcionais. Em sentido sócio-histórico, é tratada de forma pragmática e imediatista, estando presente apenas quando demonstrada por resultados, isto é, na criação de processos e produtos que atendam a demandas. A metodologia de pesquisa fundamenta-se na revisão de tipo bibliográfica.

Studies focused on the analysis of race relations show that, in Brazil, the social reading of the phenotype is one of the main elements of social classification. In view of this, this work proposes to investigate, in the light of Applied Social Sciences and based on the theorists that deal with the theme, how such categories were constructed and reframed when it comes to the evaluation of social policies in the Brazilian State. Our intention with this article is to carry out a theoretical analysis regarding the production of social indicators with black and brown social categories as the central element. Its development is structured as follows: we started with Pierre Bourdieu's Field Theory as one of the theoretical elements that base this study. Next, the article discusses how race relations in Brazil are built and reproduced. The text ends with the search to understand the importance of choosing and building indicators for the evaluation of social policies.