Repositório RCAAP

CPT: Entre o Discurso do Mito e da Racionalidade

This article examines the racial tensions of post-abolition and the first decades of the twentieth century, in order to understand their links with the emergence of Social Work. The aim is to demonstrate that the racial issue was constituted (and constitutes) the knot that at the base of social issues, and to unleash it is an urgent task to build a world without capitalist exploitation of class and without oppression of any nature.

State, Economy and Democracy in Brazil and Latin America

This work seeks to analyze outsourcing with an emphasis on the socio-sexual and racial division of labor. We understand that there is differentiation about the outsourcing biases in the case of black women since Brazilian social formation is based on racism, patriarchy, and colonialism. Therefore, the article is presented in three parts: first, we bring elements that define what outsourcing is; then we approach this phenomenon in the public sector, and finally, we deal with the topic of outsourcing and its effects from the sociosexual and racial division of labor.

Authors such as Pocock, Skinner and Pettit have revalued republicanism as a fundamental political tradition in the constitution of the modern world in contrast to the hegemony of the liberal tradition. This paper aims to analyze what has been characterized as a most problematic and challenging relationship for Republicans: the relationship between republicanism and Christianity. Taking as its thread the analysis of the debate between Black and Nederman, we argue that the difficulty in analyzing the relationship between republicanism and Christianity derives from the very difficulties of the neo-republican project in delimiting republicanism as a specific political tradition. Overcoming such dilemmas would involve a better qualification of the republican tradition including the themes of the political community as a "universal community", a non-instrumental conception of public life, and the recognition that the conception of liberty as non-domination implies that republican institutions promote certain values.

Das Representações Religiosas à Orientação do Espaço Social

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Editorial: 20 Years of Principia, dedicated to the memory of Prof. Oswaldo Porchat. Interview with Luiz Henrique Dutra.

Editorial: 20 Years of Principia, dedicated to the memory of Prof. Oswaldo Porchat. Interview with Luiz Henrique Dutra.

Classical constructivists such as Rock and Hoffman contend that the processes of perception are intelligent and construct perceptual experience by going beyond the stimulus information or by creating a percept that deviates from the physical properties of the object. On these terms, Gibson’s theory of perception is anti-constructivist. After reviewing classical constructivism, this article maintains, first, that the phenomenology of visual space shows a deviation from physical spatial properties, by being contracted in depth, even under fullcue conditions, a fact that makes trouble for Gibson’s version of direct realism. Second, independently of the first argument, it contends that perception is pervasively constructed in the sense that stimulus information must be transformed to yield perception. Accordingly, perception is radically constructed in its very bones.

Some strongly empiricist views of scientific knowledge advocate a rejection of metaphysics. On such views, scientific knowledge is described strictly in terms of knowledge of the observable world, demarcated by human sensory abilities, and no metaphysical considerations need arise. This paper argues that even these views require some recourse to metaphysics in order to derive knowledge from experience. Central here is the notion of metaphysical inference, which admits of different “magnitudes”, thus generating a spectrum of putative knowledge with more substantially empirical beliefs at one end, and more metaphysically imbued beliefs at the other. Given that metaphysical inference is required even concerning knowledge of the observable, the empiricist hope of avoiding metaphysics altogether is futile: knowledge of the observable simply involves metaphysical inferences that are of smaller magnitudes than others. Metaphysical inferences are required not only to distinguish veridical from non-veridical experience and to determine the quality of empirical information, but also in order to explain how we construct experience (through categorizations and classifications of objects, events, processes, and properties), how we extrapolate from empirical evidence to generalize about observable phenomena, and how we use this evidence to test and confirm hypotheses and theories.

This article resumes the considerations of Marx and Engels on the problem of the genesis of the woman inferiorization in society, based on the reflections posed by György Lukács in his work The ontology of Social Being. The objective is to demonstrate the limits of the political and economic emancipation of woman in contemporaneity, in order to explain the extent to which the struggle to overcome women’s isolation can correspond to the Marxist principles of the human emancipation.

According to a very common view, the main tenet of empiricism is the conviction that all human knowledge derives from sensory experience. But classic philosophers representing empiricism hold that mathematical knowledge is a priori. Mill intended to demonstrate that the laws of arithmetic and geometry have inductive origins. But Frege and others authors showed that Mill’s arguments were wrong. Benacerraf held that, since mathematical objects are abstract entities, they could not have any causal relationship with human beings, so they cannot be known by us. On the other hand, biology and psychology show that in animals and human creatures we can find innate behaviours, in accordance with the theory on natural selection. Experiments performed by Wynn and by other psychologists strongly support that very young babies can determine the results of simple arithmetical operations without any previous learning. We conclude that there are convincing reasons to accept the rationalist thesis about the a priori character of mathematical knowledge.

The objective of this paper is to analyse the concept of skilful action underlying the studies of perceptual experience, especially the visual one, from the perspective of the theory of direct perception. The problem we propose to investigate can be formulated as follows: what are the possible contributions of the concept of affordance to understand the nature of skilful actions generally attributed to processes resulting from internal representations or mental models? In particular, we will try to investigate to what extent the concept of social affordance (as a possibility of action that the bodies of the organisms offer directly to other organisms) can help to understand aspects of complex skilful actions that involve capacities considered as deriving from the possession of a Theory of Mind. We will try to show that the perspective of the ecological psychology of direct perception (Gibson 1986, Turvey 1992, Petrusz & Turvey 2010) allows to understand aspects of human skilled action, especially of a collaborative nature, from a conception of perceptual experience that involves information intrinsically significant.

My aim is to provide an analysis of cognitive experience from the point of view of philosophy of mind, by identifying and describing different components or features present in it. But different things are called ‘experience’ and some are more complex than other. I will first examine different uses of the word ‘experience’ to clear the way and to avoid cases of circularity. Then I try to restrict the investigation and introduce the mode (character) and content of experience, and take BonJour’s suggestion of what cognitive experience is as a starting point. In my view, the two main features of experience are Horizontal Intentionality (which produces Phenomenal Continuity) and Vertical Intentionality. The first is the most striking and fundamental; it constitutes the continuity of experience. Vertical Intentionality selects objects of experience, so that our experience is always experience of something. In Perception, something is identified and recognized by the application of concepts. Attention is required, especially when we get involved in complicated operations or manipulations. Finally, the last feature is constituted by a huge set of dispositions, particularly abilities to keep track our thoughts and former experiences. Cognitive Experience in the full sense is the result of the interaction and mutual support of these features.

This paper argues for a version of perspectival realism as to abstract objects. Differently from bodies and mental states, abstract realities are supposed to be always unobservable objects, things never given in perception. Contrary to this received view, this paper tries to show that abstract objects can be perceived, even though people aren’t currently aware of perceiving them. Moreover, in order to perceive abstract objects we must be accordingly equipped. Our equipment to perceive abstract objects involves not only retino-cortical elements, but mental and cultural conditions as well.

The validity of the legal system was thought by jus philosophers such as Hans Kelsen and Herbert Hart, respectively, the fundamental hypothetical norm and the rule of recognition. This article will address these concepts, with the goal of conducting a comparative study between the two, and then pointing out their similarities and differences. To do so, we used the deductive approach and bibliographic research. At the end of the article, similarities were perceived, both being theoretical constructions of legal positivism of criterion of validity for the legal order, and differences, a logical-transcendental presupposition of validity (Kelsen) as an element of fact of validity (Hart).

The inequalities in the labor market among Chilean social workers were examined, analyzing whether they differ from the trends observed in other professions. Two samples of the National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey (CASEN) database from the Ministry of Social Development of Chile (2015) were used. The contingency coefficient determined the intensity of the association between economic income and contractual condition, in relation to the variables gender, generation and ethnicity. The results indicated that the proportion of social workers in the tenth part of the population with largest national income varies according to generation and ethnic group, and the proportion of those having permanent work varies according to gender and generation. In both cases, generation has the strongest association, observing more pronounced inequalities among social workers than among other professionals. There is a debate about the reproduction of inequalities in social work – associated with neoliberalism – and the ethical-political challenges that this implies.

We have reported two pedagogical experiences where the teachers used the participatory planning as a strategy to select the corporal practices and the contents thematized during the classes of Physical Education in Elementary School. The first educational project was developed with 5th year students in a municipal school atSão Paulo. During these classes the students participated in the choice of games and sports that were developed during that year. The second experience occurred in an educational cooperative located at Minas Gerais with 9th grade students. This is a school that has essentially the work designed by projects and the students participate in the planning of all the curricular components. In the classes of Physical Education the young people chose together with the teacher to experience and reflect on sports, games and gymnastics. We conclude that participatory planning can stimulate greater student participation at school during Physical Education classes

This article aims to analyze how the reality of criminalized abortion reinforces inequalities of gender, race/ethnicity, and class, which are co-produced within the context of sexage, understood here as the appropriation of women by men, reducing them to the statusof thing. The bibliographic and documentary research was carried out, from the perspective of materialistic, historical and dialectical analysis. The main conclusion is that criminalization reinforces the logic of social inequalities in Brazil and the world. This is because poor and black women are the most affected, those who die the most, and because almost all unsafe abortions in the world occur in the peripheric economies. Thus, the consequences of criminalized abortion, whether moral, health or economic, mainly impact poor, black, young women living in peripheral economies.