Repositório RCAAP

This article analyzes the novel A Carne, published for the first time in 1888, from a dialogue between this fictional narrative with studies by Foucault, Didi-Huberman and Mary Del Priori, as well as through analysis of the critical reception of the work in certain Rio periodicals. A comparative approach was also carried out between A Carne and other naturalistic novels from the same period, with an emphasis on the social criticism present in this literary field. Therefore, the writer Júlio Ribeiro, no matter how much he elaborated a novel full of erotic themes to interpret the female condition, did not manage to completely break with the manorial standards of his time.

This article intends to introduce the theme of the historicity of music, starting from a theoretical-methodological approach based on aspects of the work of the French philosopher Jacques Rancière. The debate established by the author about the three regimes of identification of art – ethical, representative and aesthetical – as a way of thinking and demonstrating the historicity of literature and cinema, for example, can be applied to the analysis of the historicity of music. As we can deduct from the French author’s work, the main aspect to be considered for the historicity of a musical expression is not the “time”, “era” or “society” to which a musical expression would belong – using the “context” as a general basis to identify its historical specificity – but rather, the rationality present in the way in which the main elements of a musical expression are identified. In this rationality, the principles used in the interpretation are fundamental and, in turn, they lead to a historicity that conceives time/space not as a determining factor of a historical event, but the convergence of multiple temporalities in coexistence as its main characteristic, understanding the historicity of music out of static historical blocks. Throughout the article, brief examples of how the three regimes can be identified in broad debates regarding the historicity of music will be demonstrated and, at the end, a scene will be build, in order to perceive in an initially singular event – E.T.A. Hoffmann’s and Adolf Bernhard Marx’s critiques about Beethoven’s Fifth and Ninth Symphony, respectively – the confrontation of two regimes of historicity in art.

The purpose of this text is to propose conceptual ways of approaching the different expressions of Shinto. We departure from the events surrounding the Meiji Restoration (1868) to suggest at least three forms of religion expression: the first as manifestations of supernatural figures and the worship of local deities (神 – kami); the second named Jinja Shintō (神社神道) is understood as encompass local shrines (神社 – Jinja) and the religious institutions linked to the families of priests; the third linked to the Japanese state (国家神道 – Kōkka Shintō). From the theoretical perspective, religiosity is understood from the works of Mircea Eliade (2010), while the concept of religion is approached through the elaboration of Pierre Bourdieu (2005). Theses theoretical approach are relaxed from reflection on what is religion in Japan (SHIMAZONO, 2005) and how the western concept of religion was translated into Japanese (KRAMER, 2013). As a result, we seek to demonstrate the existence of the various Shinto and that, therefore, the approaches to religion should be flexible aiming at particular manifestations of the phenomenon.

Christian institutions of care, particularly those related to healthcare and the care of the poor, are believed by some scholars to be one of the most important causes for the spread of Christianity in Late Antiquity. However, historiography pertaining to the medicalization of these institutions is scant, and often scholars are at odds with one another regarding key points on the topic. In this article we review the most important positions, as well as give our own take on the topic, through the analysis of written and archaeological evidence. We have found that most of these institutions were not medicalized, and that those that were did not show any clear signs of following traditional ancient medical sects. We conclude that these institutions can mostly be considered important in Christian expansion by their care for, and not by their cure of, of the poor.

This article investigates power relations, evidenced from workers experience, legally defined as children and teenagers. To that end, it evidence images referring to the actions and behaviors registered in the press and lawsuits, in the Western Paraná, between the mid-20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. It addresses social aspects that point to the dynamic of pressures and affirmation of moralities as indicators of the positioning of subjects, exposing the configuration of decisions involving child labor. An analytical path that highlights controversial conduct assumed by those involved in these relations (since the family, the alleged patrons/employers, the public agencies, the police and judicial sectors, beyond means of communication), with emphasis on inconveniences of this historical materiality, confronting them with values promoted in our present. In this plot, visualizes itself occurrences presenting these young workers in the street trade and provision of services, as well as in industrial activities. Circumstances that allow the formulation of inquiries regarding the conditions and senses erected in such conducts.

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This article studies the actions and experiences of the peasant population of Cariri Cearense, called cabra, highlighting that they must be seen as a rational reaction movement of a suffered population, in an environment often hostile by the occurrence of prolonged droughts and the smallpox epidemic in the face of struggle for access to land and better living conditions. Seen from below, the Cariri with green and fertile lands due to the presence of cane fields and Serra do Araripe, has become an arid environment from the perspective of peasants. The drought of the years 1825, 26 and 27 followed by famine and the smallpox epidemic and the recruitment for the Cisplatin war in 1828, hit the peasant populations of the region, whose political reaction was expressed in adherence to the Pinto Revolt Wood. In this process, the reaction of the peasants was used by the lordly elite to highlight them as dangerous, fanatical, anarchic groups.

This article intends on anylizing the beginning, development and the repercussions of the Paraguay War or Triple Alliance (1864-1870). It also intends on analyzing the different historiographic interpretations produced about the conflict and nevertheless, a correlating one of these perspectives with the production of the painting “Batalha do Avaí” (1877), by the eighth hundred’s artist Pedro Américo. In conclusion, we will establish a correlation between this artwork and the time of it’s production, in other words, the second half of the XIX century. Since this period of time was strongly influenced by the known “historical pantinig” and bythe state foundings that were looking for Paintings that were showcasing retrating deeds, heroes and the greatness of a nation. At last, we will analyze some passages that are represented in the historical painting.

Environmental History is still relatively new in the historiographic enterprise, so it is worth discussing its research potential. In Brazil, it can be said that there are a vast number of sources available that predates us by some centuries and that needs to be explored to advance this field of history. In addition, the peculiarities of the historical formation of the Brazilian people fundamentally needs to be considered. In this sense, we highlight an approach on the indigenous theme, since the environmental dilemmas result from a predatory colonization in which we inherited this same sense of development for the country. The purpose of this article is, therefore, to draw attention to available sources, such as the state of Amazonas; besides offering some reflections on the Brazilian indigenous man for the construction of an environmental history. For that, we proceeded with the analysis of excerpts from journals and other types of social manifestation of protest, control and concern with the natural environment; as well as in the analysis of the indigenous issue in environmental history. With that, we hope to contribute to the development of relevant research in the area.

 This article is about the work of the Brazilian agronomist and environmentalist José Lutzenberger in the protection of Amazon rainforest in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. Lutzenberger has participated in national and international conferences, denounced the Brazilian government projects in the media and formulated hard criticisms of the forest devastation and its people. In his international performance, through lectures and events, he was able to diffused the Gaia theory, which would come to support his ecological conception, and in the 1990s he was invited by that time President Fernando Collor to assume the position of the National Secretariat of Environment, through which he worked in defense of the Amazon and indigenous people. Between 1970 and 1990, the Amazon began to receive increasingly prominence in conferences on environment and in the international press, becoming a topic of global concern, alongside climate changes and the ozone layer. Through Historical Biography and Environmental History, we analyze the path of José Lutzenberger, a global performer in this context, whose performance is our guiding thread for addressing the main struggles undertaken by Brazilian environmental movements and of other countries in defense of the great forest.

This communication proposes firstly, a revisit- in line with the contri-butions of Environmental History- to the classic interpretation of historical pro-cesses of the first half of the 19th century in the River Plate Basin, with emphasis on socio-agrarian systems and their relationship with the emergence of forms of political organization that would give way to the laborious and conflictive process of formation of National States, spanning much of that century. Possibilities and challenges of adding to the environment as a historical subject are analyzed, in a concrete space and temporality based on the centrality of a typical form of agrarian production that is the River Plate’s ranche, which for a long time shaped the social, political and cultural relations of the societies in the region and continue projecting themselves in the present, largely resignified, composing transnational territorial identities. Secondly, an institutional and pedagogical contextualization of such challenges is proposed based on the experience in teaching Latin American Rural and Agrarian History in the Postgraduate Program in “Ensino da História e da América Latina” of the Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-americana (UNILA), Brazil. Through the bibliographic review, it is verified that the “greening” of these epistemological area is still a possibility to be developed, regarding the topics and period considered here, but with great potential to renew and autonomize the theoretical-methodological assumptions of the mentioned disciplines.

The aim of this review is to analyze The Environmental Humanities: A Critical Introduction (2017), by Robert S. Emmett and David E. Nye, not translated to Portuguese yet. Considering the book’s discussion and other external information, this review’s intention is to present the Environmental Humanities to Brazilian scholars, especially historians, and to motivate discussions and solutions to local environmental problem. This can be reach by interdisciplinary scientific researches in dialog with social movements, artists, public opinion and other social organizations.

The present article aims to analyze the nuclear disaster of Chernobyl, occurred in 1986 in Belarus. Its objective is to understand how the effects of radiation transformed Chernobyl and its surroundings in “contaminated zones”, what suggests a traumatized perception of space. To this end, a debate of the area of psychology about trauma was incorporated, especially from the view of a traumatic language and a traumatic temporality. In this sense, the effects of the radionuclides in the environment, which often make “life” and “death” confuse with each other in the silent and radioactive war, corroborate the interpretation that, in natural and physical terms, the nuclear disaster is an example of how human beings, in the present time, act as central agents of environmental change. Thus, Hannah Arendt’s analyzes of the technical advances of the Atomic Revolution and the conquest of space were used. Along those lines, through the debates about the actual epoche known as Anthropocene, the nuclear disaster demonstrates the technical capacity of ambiental implosion – or the selfdestruction of our own planet – by humanity. For the understanding of the relationship between witnesses and the radioactive space, an interpretation of the event from the lenses of the book Voices from Chernobyl, of the belarusian writer Svetlana Aleksievitch, in dialogue with scientific studies in the quimical and radiological areas.

This paper aims to understand the urbanization process in the city of Belém do Pará in a parallel with other parts of Brazil during the Belle Époque period, addressing the economic and social transformations resulting arising from the second half of the 19th century until the beginning of the following century. In order to achieve this goal, sources such as travelers’ reports, official reports of the State of Pará government, municipal albums, monography and specialized books on the subject and time were used. The Municipal Intendency Reports made it possible to read the discourse of civilization and progress propagated by Antônio Lemos, which supported the understanding of the modernization process that reached the city of Belém between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. For the development of this article, it was essential to consult several sources through bibliographic and documentary research. Thus, it was obtained more than one point of view on the subject, assessing the historical context in which these sources were produced. As a result, a process stemming from a global and capitalist economy was found, influencing not only local aesthetics but also the lives of citizens. It can be said that the supposed improvements in urban infrastructure, although affecting the entire population, did not happen equally to all.

From the third decade of the nineteenth century, authorities in the Province of Goyaz (doctors, engineers, sanitarians and politicians) were concerned with the hygiene of the city. They provided decrees, laws and projects to solve the matters of public space. The adoption and imposition of hygienic practices were analyzed, according to Moraes (1995), as a dominating action of the groups in power. Therefore, they directed more attention to habits and behaviors, which reflected on people’s health, contributed to the change of the social scene and avoided epidemics to disperse among people. The objective of this article is to analyze the imposition and inspection of a set of laws responsible for regulating and disciplining the posture of people in the daily routine of the city of Goyaz, in the second half of the 19th century. The focus will be especially in a resolution dated November 14 1856, which assigned requirements determining the conditions and management for the marketing of meats on the public streets of the city.

This paper is the result of the project of organization and systematization of the collections and documents of the Research Laboratory in History of Image and Sound (LPHIS), belonging to the Postgraduate Program in History of PUCRS, which completes 23 years of existence in 2020. Thus, it seek to present its trajectory throughout these years, understanding it as a space for and fostering research, as well as presenting the context of creation of the current LPHIS in relation to that other academic research centers in image and sound.

The research deals with the urbanization process of the cities of São Leopoldo, Taquara and Novo Hamburgo (RS), during the First Republic (1889-1930). The temporal delimitation was chosen because it reproduces the period in urban projects foreseen by European modernity, if disseminated throughout the country. The study aims to understand, through photographs of urban landscapes, or the framing of local urban life up to the standards of modernity of the time. The choice of photographs oriented at the first moment in the identification of images of urban landscapes in public places; in a second stage, the places most registered by the photographers were selected; and, finally, use as repeated photographs in more than one reproduction and circulation record. The study is a comparative analysis of photographs of urban landscapes in the three cities, identifying similarities and differences between them.

This article traces the post-civil-military coup scenario of 1964, analyzing the first actions taken by the military of the Supreme Command of the Revolution to contain what they called “communist subversion” in the country, especially with the implementation of the authoritarian measure called the Institutional Act nº 1, in April 1964. We sought to understand how these repressive measures were consolidated in practice in the state of Bahia, through the establishment of Military Police Polices (IPMs) that aimed to promote a debauchery in the lives of people and public institutions. Finally, we analyzed in greater detail and accuracy the Bahian, lawyer and professor Ivanilton Costa Santos in the records of IPM nº 27/64, his ideas, his relationship with the left, especially nationalism and his thinking about the country. Therefore, we realized that the persecutions and the military modes of operation were significant in the interior of Bahia and also in ordinary people who, in this specific case, had no relation to “communism” or “subversive acts” sustained by the military.

The study on screen deals with the qualification processes for the secular clergy de Mariana, during the episcopal government of frei Manuel da Cruz (1745-1764). The research instrument consisted of using the prosopographic method, proposed by regional history. The empirical sources of support used were handwritten documents consulted in the Ecclesiastical Archive of the Archdiocese of Mariana. The conceptual theoretical apparatus refers to the recent historiography on empire, networks, connections and relations between center and periphery, central power and local power. The results of this research are presented here from modal narratives.

The Escuela-Ayllu de Warisata, located on the Bolivian altiplano between Lake Titicaca and the snowfall of Illampu, was an indigenous and rural education project that took place in Bolivia in the 1930s (1931-1940) and intended to integrate the concepts and knowledge of indigenous populations within national ideals. The relationship with the bio-physical environment appears in a remarkable way in the auto-biographical source of Elizardo Pérez, one of the founders of the project. Moreover, the school was inserted in a context of dispute for access to land, for autonomy and for the ways of organizing space that put the concepts of local indigenous communities in conflict with the interests of large landowners. In this article, we observe how the school sought to “revitalize” these indigenous knowledge and, also, a bio-cultural memory related to the highland environment using the productivity argument as a way to legitimize this project before the Bolivian society.