Repositório RCAAP

The current study analyzes the phonetic-phonological transfers from Hunsrückisch into Portuguese, related to the sonority of the plosives. To this end, readings of the 'Parable of the Prodigal Son', written in Portuguese and collected from the Alma-H Project (Contatual-Linguistic Atlas of German Minorities in the ‘Bacia do Prata’- Hunsrückisch), are analyzed. The data produced by informants of six research places, are divided into two social groups (low class and high class) and two different ages (generation I and II). The goals of this study are: a) investigate the numbers of transfers in each one of the plosives; b) compare the interlinguistic transfers found with the Hunsrückisch voicing rules, described by Altenhofen (1996), and related to the tonicity of the syllables, and finally, c) check how the different dimensions (diatopic, diastratic, diagenerational), suggested by the theoretical model of pluridimensional dialectology (THUN, 1998, 2010), act in the variety of sonority found into the data analyzed. The results shown allowed us to understand the interlinguistic transfers processes between Hunsrückisch and Portuguese, which contribute to the description of the variety of Portuguese spoken in the regions researched to this study

This article is a presentation of the theme of the journey that unfolds spatially and existentially. The character Teo, narrated by the voices of three different narrators, is the traveler on his journey, suffering physical and psychological transmutation, following a tragic fate that leads to madness. The triple narration reveals itself as original narrative in the novel Antonio and allows a reading that moves away from the simple knowledge of the events and leads us to the interpretation of the meanings of their own journey.

In this article, we formalize the acquisition of word-mid /pt/ and /kt/ sequences in English (L2) by learners from Southern Brazil. The participants, who presented a basic proficiency level in English, had their productions recorded both in English and in Brazilian Portuguese, which allowed for an analysis of the acoustic patterns found in the production of /p/ and /k/ obstruent codas. The acoustic patterns produced by the learners were analyzed using the Stochastic-Optimality Theory, and the constraints used in the analysis were based on the framework of Gestural Phonology (BROWMAN & GOLDSTEIN, 1992) and in the gestural landmarks proposed by Gafos (2002). We conclude that a gestural analysis allows for the formalization of a wider range of acoustic patterns which tended not to be considered in traditional accounts of phonology, as these patterns assume a different status since they are then considered to be part of the grammar.

Through a questioning about the possibility to recognize the appropriate phrase and image that are expressed in Maksim Gorki´s prose, it is our objective to translate the lived experiences that resist the marks of the uneasiness caused in a conscience whose memory was its greatest uniqueness. We propose a more accurate perception of the autobiographic trilogy My Childhood, In the World and My Universities, regarding a movement towards a self-account of his own particular “I” and a singular worldview that ratifies and very often rectifies the historical basis that circumscribed it in the past

This paper is part of a master’s thesis named "The journey rite in Love in the Time of Cholera novel, written by Gabriel García Márquez" (DOURADO, 2013). This research considers the rite of passage, according to Arnold Van Gennep's studies, who defines this rite as a cyclic process of individual transformation marked by symbolic rituals and formal ceremonies made by the individual in his social environment. Thus, Van Gennep considers this journey as a rite of passage, an initiation process, because the spatial and temporal transition of it provides to the traveller the construction of a new way to be in contact with a new culture, a new life. In Love in the Time of Cholera, the journey rite is associated to the main transformations of human life (birth, puberty, marriage and death). However, this article approaches the journey rite related to the death rite due to the different cultural visions about the end of life confronted by the narrative. This analysis is made from the postulates of the anthropologic imaginary to study the symbolic and mythical dimensions that are inherent to the rites of passage

This paper investigates issues that are related to Debucalization and the Phonological Theory. In order to make this investigation viable, different dialects were analyzed to justify the process relevance over languages in general and to describe phonetic motivations that make the appearance of laryngeal segment possible [h]. Fricative consonants behave in alveolar and post-alveolar positions ([s], [z], [S] e [Z]) is investigated through synchronic analysis that justifies the processes of variation/change of these segments into a glottal fricative consonant [h]. This process was read based on Autosegmental Phonology; also, former models, such as Structuralism and Generativism, were visited. Geometry of Features model, proposed by Clements and Hume (1995), is the most used in Brazil, but the process of debucalization does not fit this model, because when the feature [continuous] loses its oral cavity node, it cannot be represented on the tree scheme anymore, this way, its geometrical settings does not fit some theory principles. Because of it, the concept of feature [continuous] of consonant and vowel segments, which are defended by the theory, has been discussed, as well as their role on the phonological oppositions of languages.

: In this paper, we deal with the concept of Phonic salience, based on studies about the variable behavior of third person plural verb agreement (eles comem ~ eles comeØ, ele falam ~ eles falaØ), and of the reduction and/or desnasalisation of final unstressed nasal diphthongs (com[ẽỹ] ~ com[ɪ̃] ~ com[ɪ]; fal[ɐ̃w̃ ] ~ fal[ῦ] ~ fal[ʋ]). In order to discuss Phonic salience, we investigate and confront positions assumed by Naro and Lemle (1976), Lemle and Naro (1977), Guy (1981), Naro (1981) and Nicolau (1984, 1995). These studies were selected because they concerned about at least one of the following criteria: (i) they have suggested different definitions for the variable (NARO, LEMLE, 1976; LEMLE, NARO, 1977); (ii) they have proposed singular parameters to measure Phonic salience (LEMLE, NARO, 1977; GUY, 1981; NARO, 1981); (iii) they have rejected partially/completely the principle (GUY, 1981; NICOLAU, 1984, 1995). In the subsequent step, we assume a critical position in front of the conceptions adopted by these studies, pointing obscure issues that require closer examination. Finally, we settle this discussion on the theoretical framework of the Theory of Language Variation and Change (WLH 1968; LABOV, 1972, 1982, 1994, 2010), giving special emphasis on the intrinsic relationship between Phonic Salience and the problems of constraint and evaluation.

This study addresses the issue of vowel harmony in Brazilian Portuguese from the perspective of the Optimality Theory. More specifically, we address the issue of adjacency between vowels which seems to impede vowel harmony of height from taking place (*g[i]lat[i]na), but does not seem to affect vowel harmony of ATR when segments which are not specified for the relevant feature intervene (b[ɛ]rnad[ɛ]te). To account for this difference we propose the re-ordering of the markedness constraints AGREE and NOGAP. Another issue addressed is the optionality of both phenomena which allows non-harmonized outputs. For this, we propose the re-ordering of faithfulness and markedness constraints

The aim of this paper is to analyze the theme of travel in the work Primeiras Estórias (1972) by Guimarães Rosa, more specifically, in the tales "Pirlimpsiquice", "Partida do audaz navegante" and "Nenhum, nenhuma." The versions of the piece in "Pirlimpsiquice" as well as the new modifications of the character Brejeirinha to the history of the daring navigator are part of the journey to the world of invention and creative freedom. In "Nenhum, nenhuma," the enigma of the journey is to be able to not precise if the described space corresponds to a location visited by the boy or the visions of a dream of the adult narrator who tries to unite the wires of the past and frame the essence of time. The imaginary of the child is revealed when stories are created and the journey becomes the indentation in the infant universe. The reflections are supported by studies of the narrator and maintain dialogues with the critical essays on the work of Guimarães Rosa.

This article is an analysis of the framework and contributions of the theories of reading as cultural contact created by Gabriele Schwab, professor at the University of California in the 90s. This theory advocates the principle that the reading of literary texts allows a kind of negotiation between cultural limits of readers texts, thus reading it represents a kind of cultural contact. Thus, this theory is configured from an interdisciplinary dialogue between Reader Response Critiscm and Cultural Studies, aspect also analyzed in this study.

In Morte e Vida Severina the migration is told in verse. Eighteen scenes- sequences suggest a form of staging that is manifested in the textuality of the language. The objective of the considerations presented consists of highlighting the aesthetic features that suggest the staging of the migration in the poetic space of scripture. To this end, we emphasize, in the first moment of analysis, the traces constituting the poetics of migration, then presenting how this form of staging is represented in the (dis)course of a migration.

This paper aims to do a chronotope analysis of Cain’s novel (2009) written by José Saramago, which is considered a rereading of Old Testament biblical episodes. The analyzed novel is structured upon the wanderings of the protagonist on his trips that occur through spatiotemporal transgressions. This paper intents to provide a reflection based on chronotope concept accordingly to Bakhtin (1998), that considers the inseparability of time and space categories. At the present study we suggest this time separation only to a methodological purpose. We have observed from the phenomena analysis the Cains’ displacement between realistic and imaginative spaces (BORGES FILHO, 2009) as well as between distinct times – other times – temporal transgressions, that the narrative structure is based on them (REIS; LOPES, 1988).

This article comes as a response to the following question: How did Mário de Andrade focus Brazilian culture and socioeconomic relations in his travel chronicles? The chronicles “O grande cearense” and “Tempo de dantes”, from the book Os filhos da Candinha (1943), are compared in this article with their first releases on the travel journal O turista aprendiz (1976), in which their titles are respectively “Atlantic, December 5” and “Natal, December 17". Mário de Andrade’s travel chronicles, collected in the posthumous book O turista aprendiz, provide a view of the ratification of intersubjective identities (the construction of the self in the relationship with the Other) with national identity through issues relating to socioeconomic and social-affective practices. Traveling allows the tourist to look at the Other, which causes him to question these cultural relations based - on the specific case of these chronicles - on a model of power centralization. It is the patriarchy, understood as a normative and repressive power that determines individual and collective organization in public (labor relations) and private (family environment) dimensions. Both in private and public spheres, social structure is organized around a discourse of power, which legitimates the practices of exclusion of those who do not adapt to this structural model. Thus, the stories analyzed allow an analysis of the patriarchal relations established in public and private dimensions in Brazil in the first decades of the twentieth century.

This paper presents a partial data analysis of the variable realization of the velar nasal [N] by Brazilian learners of English, observedin words such as doing ["duIN] and singer ["sINEr]. This variation occurs among L1 speakers of English (mainly conditioned by social factors) and also among L2 speakers of English (conditioned by both social and linguistic factors), wherethe velar [N] and alveolar [n] nasals compete among natives and the velar [N] and the palatal [¯] nasals compete among non natives. The aim of this study is to preliminarily verify how the L2 learner’s intermediate system, which is subject to changes through time, shows regularity in variation. Data collected from learners of two distinct levels of linguistic proficiency – basic and pre intermediate – were submitted to variable rule analysis (VRA) in the program Goldvarb X (SANKOFF; TAGLIAMONTE; SMITH, 2005). Preliminary results indicate the predominance of non application of the rule (production of the palatal variant: 63,5%) over application (production of velar nasal: 36,5%). From the ten independent variables controlled (six social and four linguistic ones), the factors genre and level of proficiency (social) and morphological class (linguistic) have been shown statistically significant. These results are evidence of the presence of orderly heterogeneity in processes of variable phonological acquisition.

This essay discusses the novel Ana in Venice by João Silvério Trevisan from the image of exile, and tries to trace the relationship between travel and literature within the framework offered by Trevisan’s novel. The dialogues of this novel with the work of Thomas Mann also contribute to the philosophical questioning of the artwork when they approach the themes of disillusionment and death. This paper aims to concentrate mainly on the suffering of the character Ana and on her encounter with the character Nepomuceno.

This study addresses two issues regarding the inventory of vowels in the Tupian languages Asuriní Xingu, and Wayampí Mundurukú. The first issue refers to the universal tendency for vowel systems to be equally and symmetrically distributed. The second refers to the importance of an acoustic analysis in the discussion of phonological facts, especially when it comes to a more accurate phonetic description of segments. The research focuses on the definition of vowel qualities and their distribution in the acoustic space of vowels in the Tupian languages. Despite having some previous studies of its phonology, Asuriní do Xingu remained undefined in relation to their vowel qualities. A similar scenario is found in Wayampí, a language with a vowel system symmetrically dispersed, but still with doubts about its vowel qualities. The acoustic analysis helps to clarify these discrepancies. Mundurukú contributes to the study as an example of a language typologically uncommon since its vowel system does not have the expected triangle /i, u, a/. However, the acoustic analysis shows that, at least phonetically, the gaps seem to be compensated for by other vowels, so that the language is closer to a symmetric system.

Coming and going is a right guaranteed to every citizen. Moving around is characteristic of the animal species; choosing paths, tracing a route to travel, is a human characteristic. The article aims to identify, in the itinerary of the characters in the book Tutameia Terceiras Estórias, the motives that push them on to travel, as well as to observe the spatial trace of that route. It occurs that among these characters the journey becomes diverse in its configuration, as they are not only real road trips, by land and river, by horseback riding or boating. The theme of the Tutameia trip is also onfigured by the metaphor of looking forward and backward, which reverses the action of the readers themselves in crossing back and forth, a right to and duty to assured by a narrator. We suggest an intratextual analysis of the work of Rosa, interpreting riddles that intertwine between characters from different stories, in the metaphorical representation of the trip.

This paper seeks mainly to propose a grammatical model capable of describing and explaining the acquisition process of the English syllabic lateral by Brazilian learners. We aim to answer the following questions: 1) What grammar is being acquired? More specifically: what grammar allows the form [ɫ̩] to emerge as an output in L1 English (as well as its variants)? 2) What are the main stages through which the interlanguage grammar of a Brazilian learner goes in trying to acquire [ɫ̩]? 3) How to explain variation in the interlanguage throughout the acquisition process? Is it possible to predict what forms will emerge during the acquisition process along with their frequencies and set the limits for variability? In order to answer these questions, we have made use of the Stochastic version of Optimality Theory and its Gradual Learning Algorithm (BOERSMA & HAYES, 2001). Our model has been based on and tested by empirical data collected in a study of ours and those of others.

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, through the novel Crossing the River by Caryl Phillips, situations of (not) belonging and fragmentation of the subject caused by the diaspora in the period of slavery. This is an effort to examine the diasporic identity formation of the central characters of the novel and its social and cultural consequences in the ways of the Atlantic. From the perspective of the diaspora and postcolonialism, the analysis is divided into four main authors: Stuart Hall, in which one can understand the meaning of the African Diaspora, Avtar Brah, which focuses on the diasporic movement through the prism of the idea of home and belonging, Paul Gilroy, highlighting black identity formed in-between, in transit through the paths of the Atlantic, and Frantz Fanon, who analyzes the fragmentation of the African subject due to the forced diaspora. The result are the voices of African culture that the diasporic movement, still echo all over the Atlantic.

The occurrence of monophthongization in falling diphthongs in the oral speech is a well-known fact. Some studious have been dedicated in observing how this phenomenon can appear in the writing, and this paper is according to them. Therefore the main aim of this paper is to carry out a field research that refers to the occurrence of monophthongization in falling diphthongs in the writing of students in initial years of Elementary School. The diphthongs [aj] and [ej] are the objects of this analysis, as in words “caixa" and "queijo" ("box" and "cheese") that can be written as "caxa" and "quejo", respectively, for instance. Forty-two students had participated in this field research, and they study in the 3rd, 4th and 5th years of a municipal school in the city of Bagé(RS - Brazil). The data were collected through pictures that represent words that contain the studied diphthongs. The pictures were showed to the students, and they should write the names of the represented objects. The results have indicated that the rate of monophthongization in the writing is low, and the diphthong [aj] presents a little less glide deletion than the diphthong [ej]. Furthermore, about the linguistic conditioners, it was possible to observe that the tap favors the occurrence of monophthongization. About the extralinguistic conditioners, it was verified that girls lightly favors the monophthongization, and an unexpected result was obtained in relation with the educational level of the informants, once the 4th year presented the highest rates of glide deletion. This study highlights the importance of teachers from initial grades to have the necessary linguistic knowledge to carry out a well-founded pedagogic intervention in cases in which the writing reveals patterns of variation that occur in the speech, as pointed by Mollica (2000).