Repositório RCAAP

This article comes as a response to the following question: How did Mário de Andrade focus Brazilian culture and socioeconomic relations in his travel chronicles? The chronicles “O grande cearense” and “Tempo de dantes”, from the book Os filhos da Candinha (1943), are compared in this article with their first releases on the travel journal O turista aprendiz (1976), in which their titles are respectively “Atlantic, December 5” and “Natal, December 17". Mário de Andrade’s travel chronicles, collected in the posthumous book O turista aprendiz, provide a view of the ratification of intersubjective identities (the construction of the self in the relationship with the Other) with national identity through issues relating to socioeconomic and social-affective practices. Traveling allows the tourist to look at the Other, which causes him to question these cultural relations based - on the specific case of these chronicles - on a model of power centralization. It is the patriarchy, understood as a normative and repressive power that determines individual and collective organization in public (labor relations) and private (family environment) dimensions. Both in private and public spheres, social structure is organized around a discourse of power, which legitimates the practices of exclusion of those who do not adapt to this structural model. Thus, the stories analyzed allow an analysis of the patriarchal relations established in public and private dimensions in Brazil in the first decades of the twentieth century.

This paper presents a partial data analysis of the variable realization of the velar nasal [N] by Brazilian learners of English, observedin words such as doing ["duIN] and singer ["sINEr]. This variation occurs among L1 speakers of English (mainly conditioned by social factors) and also among L2 speakers of English (conditioned by both social and linguistic factors), wherethe velar [N] and alveolar [n] nasals compete among natives and the velar [N] and the palatal [¯] nasals compete among non natives. The aim of this study is to preliminarily verify how the L2 learner’s intermediate system, which is subject to changes through time, shows regularity in variation. Data collected from learners of two distinct levels of linguistic proficiency – basic and pre intermediate – were submitted to variable rule analysis (VRA) in the program Goldvarb X (SANKOFF; TAGLIAMONTE; SMITH, 2005). Preliminary results indicate the predominance of non application of the rule (production of the palatal variant: 63,5%) over application (production of velar nasal: 36,5%). From the ten independent variables controlled (six social and four linguistic ones), the factors genre and level of proficiency (social) and morphological class (linguistic) have been shown statistically significant. These results are evidence of the presence of orderly heterogeneity in processes of variable phonological acquisition.

This essay discusses the novel Ana in Venice by João Silvério Trevisan from the image of exile, and tries to trace the relationship between travel and literature within the framework offered by Trevisan’s novel. The dialogues of this novel with the work of Thomas Mann also contribute to the philosophical questioning of the artwork when they approach the themes of disillusionment and death. This paper aims to concentrate mainly on the suffering of the character Ana and on her encounter with the character Nepomuceno.

This study addresses two issues regarding the inventory of vowels in the Tupian languages Asuriní Xingu, and Wayampí Mundurukú. The first issue refers to the universal tendency for vowel systems to be equally and symmetrically distributed. The second refers to the importance of an acoustic analysis in the discussion of phonological facts, especially when it comes to a more accurate phonetic description of segments. The research focuses on the definition of vowel qualities and their distribution in the acoustic space of vowels in the Tupian languages. Despite having some previous studies of its phonology, Asuriní do Xingu remained undefined in relation to their vowel qualities. A similar scenario is found in Wayampí, a language with a vowel system symmetrically dispersed, but still with doubts about its vowel qualities. The acoustic analysis helps to clarify these discrepancies. Mundurukú contributes to the study as an example of a language typologically uncommon since its vowel system does not have the expected triangle /i, u, a/. However, the acoustic analysis shows that, at least phonetically, the gaps seem to be compensated for by other vowels, so that the language is closer to a symmetric system.

Coming and going is a right guaranteed to every citizen. Moving around is characteristic of the animal species; choosing paths, tracing a route to travel, is a human characteristic. The article aims to identify, in the itinerary of the characters in the book Tutameia Terceiras Estórias, the motives that push them on to travel, as well as to observe the spatial trace of that route. It occurs that among these characters the journey becomes diverse in its configuration, as they are not only real road trips, by land and river, by horseback riding or boating. The theme of the Tutameia trip is also onfigured by the metaphor of looking forward and backward, which reverses the action of the readers themselves in crossing back and forth, a right to and duty to assured by a narrator. We suggest an intratextual analysis of the work of Rosa, interpreting riddles that intertwine between characters from different stories, in the metaphorical representation of the trip.

This paper seeks mainly to propose a grammatical model capable of describing and explaining the acquisition process of the English syllabic lateral by Brazilian learners. We aim to answer the following questions: 1) What grammar is being acquired? More specifically: what grammar allows the form [ɫ̩] to emerge as an output in L1 English (as well as its variants)? 2) What are the main stages through which the interlanguage grammar of a Brazilian learner goes in trying to acquire [ɫ̩]? 3) How to explain variation in the interlanguage throughout the acquisition process? Is it possible to predict what forms will emerge during the acquisition process along with their frequencies and set the limits for variability? In order to answer these questions, we have made use of the Stochastic version of Optimality Theory and its Gradual Learning Algorithm (BOERSMA & HAYES, 2001). Our model has been based on and tested by empirical data collected in a study of ours and those of others.

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, through the novel Crossing the River by Caryl Phillips, situations of (not) belonging and fragmentation of the subject caused by the diaspora in the period of slavery. This is an effort to examine the diasporic identity formation of the central characters of the novel and its social and cultural consequences in the ways of the Atlantic. From the perspective of the diaspora and postcolonialism, the analysis is divided into four main authors: Stuart Hall, in which one can understand the meaning of the African Diaspora, Avtar Brah, which focuses on the diasporic movement through the prism of the idea of home and belonging, Paul Gilroy, highlighting black identity formed in-between, in transit through the paths of the Atlantic, and Frantz Fanon, who analyzes the fragmentation of the African subject due to the forced diaspora. The result are the voices of African culture that the diasporic movement, still echo all over the Atlantic.

The occurrence of monophthongization in falling diphthongs in the oral speech is a well-known fact. Some studious have been dedicated in observing how this phenomenon can appear in the writing, and this paper is according to them. Therefore the main aim of this paper is to carry out a field research that refers to the occurrence of monophthongization in falling diphthongs in the writing of students in initial years of Elementary School. The diphthongs [aj] and [ej] are the objects of this analysis, as in words “caixa" and "queijo" ("box" and "cheese") that can be written as "caxa" and "quejo", respectively, for instance. Forty-two students had participated in this field research, and they study in the 3rd, 4th and 5th years of a municipal school in the city of Bagé(RS - Brazil). The data were collected through pictures that represent words that contain the studied diphthongs. The pictures were showed to the students, and they should write the names of the represented objects. The results have indicated that the rate of monophthongization in the writing is low, and the diphthong [aj] presents a little less glide deletion than the diphthong [ej]. Furthermore, about the linguistic conditioners, it was possible to observe that the tap favors the occurrence of monophthongization. About the extralinguistic conditioners, it was verified that girls lightly favors the monophthongization, and an unexpected result was obtained in relation with the educational level of the informants, once the 4th year presented the highest rates of glide deletion. This study highlights the importance of teachers from initial grades to have the necessary linguistic knowledge to carry out a well-founded pedagogic intervention in cases in which the writing reveals patterns of variation that occur in the speech, as pointed by Mollica (2000).

This essay study the question of translation, the vision about the foreigner men and his language. This work’s separated in two places, both based on presuppositions analysed by Paul Ricoeur, the first trying to understand the translation like a act of hospitality and posteriorly one analyse is done of the narrative like a mediation of foreign behalf of the life.

This paper aims to conduct a literature review of studies that have lexical frequency as a relevant factor in phonological variation, mainly the ones that are morphologically conditioned. To do so, we return to some of the leading exponents on the theoretical study of lexical frequency, including neogrammatical and diffusionist models, Phonology of Use and Optimality Theory. Finally, we report some studies in Brazilian Portuguese on the effects of frequency.

This study investigates the variable application of pretonic mid-vowel raising with no apparent motivation, as in s[e]nhor ~ s[i]nhor and g[o]verno ~ g[u]verno, in the speech of youths from Porto Alegre. The main objective is to verify if lexical items and word stems favor the raising process when compared to linguistic and social variables. In order to do so, we analyzed a sample from VARSUL (Linguistic Variation in Southern Brazil) database composed of youths born and raised in Porto Alegre using mixed-effect variable rule analysis (JOHNSON, 2009). The quantitative results indicated that only Lexical Item and Word Stem statistically favored the raising of /o/, revealing that the lexicon conditions the process. Regarding /e/ vowel, the limited number of tokens indicated that the raising applies on some isolated words with no phonetic conditioner in common. Besides that, we verified that the raising spreads diffusely through stems affecting some words but not all. The discussion about the results started with the premises of Lexical Diffusion (CHEN, WANG, 1975; OLIVEIRA, 1991, 1992, 1995) and advanced with Exemplar Theory (JOHNSON, 1997; PIERREHUMBERT, 2001, 2003) in order to explain the phonetic-phonological variation through token frequency of the alternating forms.

In this paper, we analyze the novel Sôbolos rios que vão, written by António Lobo Antunes. The novel’s title is inspired in a poem by Luís de Camões. We compare the representation of exiled men faced, at present, with a foreign place in these texts. Based on the reading of the poem, we perceive, in the novel, the oppositions between health and disease, childhood and maturity, previous time and current time.

Presentation of the issue Psycholinguistics

Presentation of Literature issue on Migrant writing in contemporary literature

The article analyzes the use of epistolary form and the approach to the concept of virtue in Samuel Richardson’s Pamela, or virtue rewarded (1740). In spite of Richardson’s undeniable importance to European literature, still very few is said about his role within the debates on moral philosophy crucial to the development of the social criticism of the Enlightenment. Understanding Richardson’s work, thus, in its singularity and in the light of more recent studies on the 18th Century is the way in which I intend to contribute with the studies of the novel of theEnlightenment.

More and more, the researches done concerning the Epistolary Gender, in Brazil, have gone ahead. Since 2000, when the first volume of the Mario de Andrade’s Correspondence Collection was published, organized by the Brazilian Studies Institute (USP), Epistolography has had a considerable systematization within the Literary Studies. Because of that, certain questions and doubts have come out to be solved. Starting with a question – Whom a letter belongs to? – I have written the main ideas of this paper, once this specific doubt has spread itself throughout the Correspondences’ organizers work. Questioning some particularly theories and texts, we can debate a letter’s destiny, its belonging – individual or not – as well as some legal and moral problems within such task.

This study proposes an analysis of the inferences resulting from metaphorical utterances on the interface between Neuroscience and Pragmatics, for the description and the explanation of the inferential processing resulting from the understanding of these utterances. On the one hand, from the point of view of Neuroscience, via Coarse-code Hypothesis (SHIBATA et al, 2007; EVIATAR and JUST, 2006) and Dynamic Spillover Hypothesis (PRAT et al., 2012), the cortical structures recruited to the metaphor processing have been described. On the other, from the point of view of Pragmatics, via Relevance Theory (RT), the nature of the inferences arising from the production of metaphorical utterances through the production of ad hoc concepts have been explained (WILSON & SPERBER, 2012). On the interface between these different disciplines, it has been evidenced that the inferences produced in processing metaphorical utterances can be described and explained in an interdisciplinary perspective, in a more complex manner (COSTA, 2007). Thus, we have designed an approach to metaphor, whose descriptive potential is based on the findings of Neuroscience, and whose explanatory potential is based on Pragmatics, through the production of ad hoc concepts. The findings corroborate the central thesis intended in this study, the one in which the objects of investigation, in this case the metaphor, if drawn on the interface, can be described and explained in a more complex manner, as properties of complex nature interact among themselves.

The intimate genres - the diary, autobiography and the letter - are gaining more and more space among readers, because, among other things, they promote a real illusion. As a result, these texts have gained enough space in publishing, becoming more and more visible in bookstores. The same applies to the letters of literary authors who have aroused great interest in the literary criticism in understanding the fundamentals of this form of expression and its relationship to literary creation. Undeniably, one must recognize that the letters of great writers often transcend the mere daily report, revealing a great poetic and informational content to be analyzed in order to understand the process of literary creation. In such cases, the correspondence of great writers is not only because his autobiographical historical or cultural values, but also because it is an autonomous form of expression that is capable of express multiple reflection on the literature and the writing process. Assuming that personal experience and literary experience appear concomitantly in Caio Fernando Abreu’s letters, this article analyzes the author’s poetic letters from metalinguistic reflections on the nature of literary writing and the writer’s work. Thus, by studying Caio Fernando Abreu’s correspondence, this article draws the view of the function of literature that of this gaúcho writer had, the writer’s image and the writing process. With this study we intend to demonstrate that the letters are a rich material that can be used to understand the author’s literary universe.

Machado de Assis’ letters have been read in a new way since an edition published in 2008, which was coordinated by Sérgio Paulo Rouanet, and compiled by Irene Moutinho and Sílvia Eleutério. This article approaches Machado de Assis’ correspondence in the 1860’s, and analyses an open letter that the author wrote to José Feliciano de Castilho in 1865. In this letter, Machado analyses José Mendes Leal’s comedy Os primeiros amores de Bocage (1865). Thus, the text presents a testimony of criticism written in the epistolographic genre by the Brazilian author. It is possible to note that this letter goes beyond conventionalism, as it shows critical engagement. Furthermore, it allows us to observe a young Machado de Assis that writes the text in order to establish social relationships, as well as to relate to a certain literary tradition.

This paper focuses on the nature of mental imagery as a component of human cognition. Imagery has been considered as mere epiphenomena and unable to alter belief. However, recent evidence in neuroscience and psycholinguistics suggest that the mental image can be accessed and interact with higher order processes of cognition in the determination of speaker meaning. If this is true, then mental imagery can play a role during the comprehension procedure for metaphoric utterances. To understand the reasons why mental images have been discarded from linguistic theories of utterance comprehension, past philosophical ideas about the mental image are discussed. Many have questioned the existence of the image, stating that they are, in fact, constituted by propositional components. These perspectives fit within a theory of the mind that conforms to an amodal symbol system in which the relation between perceptual input and mental representation is an arbitrary one. This paper is suggesting that the mind follows a perceptual symbol system, and that the relation is an analogous one. Therefore, through an extension of relevance theory, it is possible to flesh out the meaning of metaphors by incorporating this embodied view of the mind.