Repositório RCAAP

Resenha do livro: ESTEVE, Esther Vivas. O negócio da comida. Quem controla nossa alimentação? 1ª ed. São Paulo: Expressão Popular, 2017.

O presente livro trata-se da versão atualizada da tese de doutorado defendida em 2012 pelo geógrafo Marcos Leandro Mondardo no âmbito do Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia da Universidade Federal Fluminense (PosGeo).

A disputa territorial e a organização de movimentos socioterritoriais não são traços recentes da questão agrária brasileira. Pelo contrário, são elementos de um processo histórico-geográfico complexo que motivou um amplo conjunto de sujeitos, tanto à construção de experiências territoriais de ofensivas e resistências quanto a apropriação coletiva e o intercâmbio de experiências de luta. Parte expressiva desse processo resultou em múltiplas significações sobre a noção e conceito de território, no âmbito da lógica-racionalidade dos movimentos socioterritoriais, sendo que algumas expressões foram traduzidas em aspectos étnicos-raciais e culturais, recursos e bens comuns e o corpo. Nosso objetivo neste artigo é apresentar elementos para compreendermos não somente o caráter geográfico das lutas, mas também a indissociabilidade com o processo histórico de construção de resistências territoriais para que, aos poucos, os leitores possam compreender como o tema território compõe parte relevante dos conflitos no campo, desde os últimos cinco séculos de história do Brasil.

The aim of this study is analyzing the family pluriactive rural properties in the sandstone compartment of Pirapó River Basin – Paraná/Brazil, in order to understand their strategies of social and economic reproduction. One of the attributes of this sector of the basin is the prevalence of soil of medium and sandy texture, which is susceptible to erosion and poor in chemical elements. This study was conducted through activities that were divided into three stages: the first one was based on a bibliographic review; the second involved the collection and analysis of agricultural data from the Brazilian Institute of Statistical Geography; the last one consisted of a fieldwork and the creation of thematic maps. The data were collected through questionnaires answered by family rural producers. The research demonstrated that, in the rural properties that took part in the study, the soil, whose productive capacity is low due to its natural characteristics, is mainly used for pastures to feed dairy and beef cattle. Since this activity is more profitable in extensive areas, the producers adhere to pluriactivity as a strategy of social and economic reproduction.

Apresentação

Expediente

Este trabalho procura apresentar o setor sucroenergético sob uma perspectiva de evolução histórica do setor no cenário nacional. Para tanto, partiu-se da abordagem e revisão bibliográfica para construção de uma narrativa cronológica que apresenta eventos que se mostraram catalisadores no processo de desenvolvimento e consolidação do setor durante o período de posse e colonização das terras brasileiras pela coroa portuguesa, perpassando pelo período do Brasil Império e adentrando ao contexto de independência, a República Federativa do Brasil. É possível observar a importância do Estado como agente regulador no processo de desenvolvimento do setor, seja em situações de estruturação, expansão e/ou de dificuldades. Cabe a ele articular estratégias e políticas para que o setor possa absorver os efeitos de eventuais crises e possa continuar a ser uma cadeia produtiva geradora de riquezas, divisas e empregos para o país, consolidando seu posto de destaque no cenário internacional.

The Rural Environmental Registration - CAR facilitates the owner to legalize his area with the possibility of registration without the use of geoprocessing. In order to develop this study, a survey was carried out with a geodesic  system and the use of georeferencing, with subsequent insertion of data in the INCRA digital platform. The study covered the period from October 2018 to May 2019, at the Jacumuazinho farm, Mirangaba (10 ° 55'52 "S 40 ° 33'76''W), a fragment of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest, phytogeographic domain of the Caatinga, Sertão Baiano. The data revealed by the size of the Jacumuazinho Farm are the same data that are required to make geo referencing. This certification was made using a professional accredited by INCRA and certified on the SIGEF platform, generating the Map and the Descriptive Memorial with certification of the georeferenced portion of the specified farm. The property was divided into two parts, generating two polygons and two CARs. It is possible to note that the CAR investor has an advantage over the legal reserve market (RL)), considered a new benefit of registration in which there is an exchange of information and images of vegetation cover, that can be used to compensate the lack of Legal Reserve (RL). Furthermore, it is an alternative source of income for those who create, rent or sell as quotas, helping those who need to regularize their property.

No início do século XXI, ocorreu uma expansão acelerada no território brasileiro de produção de cana-de-açúcar, devido o projeto dos biocombustíveis, que colocou essa cultura como a principal opção na produção de álcool, criando novas paisagens, novas formas de produção e modificando os usos do território, especialmente, o estado de Goiás e Minas Gerais. O estado de Minas Gerais consolidou-se como um dos maiores produtores de cana-de-açúcar do país, em virtude da implantação de diversas usinas no seu território, com destacada importância para o Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba. Cerca de 9,5% das 746.828.157 toneladas no Brasil, em 2018, foi produzido em Minas Gerais, e destes, 6,93%, produzidas no Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba. A territorialização do setor sucroenergético, num curto espaço de tempo, metamorfoseou a estrutura produtiva, de forma que a cultura da cana-de-açúcar ocupou e ocupa o espaço. Todos esses municípios seguiram a tendência de crescimento desta monocultura em detrimento da diminuição de outras lavouras, promovendo novas territorialidades e novas configurações na paisagem, mediadas por uma lógica de produção globalizada de açúcar, etanol e energia.

The State of Mato Grosso do Sul has its productive dynamics historically formed by livestock and grain farming, having integrated to industrial capitalism by commodity exports since the 1960s. Cattle breeding has always been distributed throughout the territory, although it is still concentrated in the Pantanal, where natural resources reserve it exclusivity in the use of rural space. The objective of this research was to understand the current characteristics of cattle breeding using the proposed combination of resources: human, technical, physical, capital and financial; in addition to the concepts of productivity and competitiveness. Secondary data extracted from IBGE, MAPA, EMBRAPA, SEMAGRO were used, besides bibliographic review. The authors concluded that the productive dynamics of cattle breeding in Mato Grosso do Sul has been the result of the efficient combination of natural comparative advantages and has incorporated technology, and with this, has achieved parameters of competitiveness and productivity.  

O Professor Dr. Marcos Aurélio Saquet tem uma consolidada carreira acadêmica, onde desenvolve estudos marcados pelo comprometimento com a transformação social. Saquet é doutor em Geografia pela UNESP - Presidente Prudente e fez doutorado sanduíche na Universià Ca Foscari di Venezia e Pós-Doutorado no Politecnico e Università de Torino - Itália. Foi professor visitante e membro de grupos de pesquisa em várias instituições na América Latina e Europa. Também desenvolve pesquisas na região Sudoeste do Paraná voltadas para a construção da autonomia dos atores sociais frente à opressão do sistema econômico hegemônico. São essas experiências que fazem com que a obra “Saber popular, práxis territorial e contra-hegemonia” seja um trabalho que consegue inserir-se em grandes debates, como colonização e o papel da ciência, ao mesmo tempo em que apresenta resultados concretos de pesquisa e ação com o povo, no campo e na cidade. A obra é uma leitura obrigatória para todos e todas que desejam fazer uma ciência a serviço da transformação social.

Based on the enunciation of some cases of murders and threats to leaders and members of traditional communities, this article intends to focus on three aspects, in order to contribute to the discussion of the Geography of violence in the countryside in Brazil: the first of them is based in a reading of some analyzes on the idea of ​​“frontier”, considered the locus of materialization of conflicts in the countryside; the second aspect seeks to highlight the pragmatic elements surrounding land deals and development projects observed in frontier areas in Brazil, which combine modern and colonial tactics to enable mechanisms of accumulation; finally, it is intended to point out elements around violence in the countryside, using data presented by the Pastoral Land Commission (CPT) in 2017. In this sense, some elements of land conflits are emphasized, based on some forms of violence operation, agents, victims, as well as the regional distribution of cases, concentrated in Cerrado and Legal Amazon areas.

The intention of this work is to analyze the integration relations of agroecological family farmers with the commercialization company Hortaliças Semper Verde, located in the municipality of Alagoa Nova-PB, specialized in the commercialization of horticultural products for supermarket chains in the states of Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte and Pernambuco, maintaining partnerships with agroecological farmers to supply organic products. The vast majority of family farmers who supply organic products to the company reside in the municipality of Alagoa Nova, located in rural Paraíba. However, one of the circuits that has been shown to be viable for these farmers is the agroecological production integrated into the company, which consists of an exclusive production agreement, signed between agroecological farmers and the company Hortaliças Semper Verde. As a methodological strategy, we opted for the literature review, conducting semi-structured and open interviews, for direct observation and for the analysis of secondary data accessed in the IBGE database. It was found that agroecological farmers have a direct integration with the company and a quick financial return, subjecting their agroecological production to the rationality of the company, generating dependence and subjection of income.

Extractive Reserves that created a mechanism on land staying due to the traditional communities, which looked through their territory possesses due to a political position of their elements, despites they obstruct the RESEX’s function and conditions to its existence. Located in the state of Para at Porto de Moz, Verde para Sempre is an example and our point of analysis. In this sense, this present article aimed understand the conflicts and your conflictualities in the following RESEX, selecting two riverside rural communities: Vila Bom Jesus and Vila Nova Bom Jesus communities, also trying to figure out how the subjects historically built themselves as social class during the conflicts linked to the forest peasant, and afterwards as a traditional community in socio-territorial movements, living in a RESEX. In this study, the methodological procedures were based on research techniques within local field trips, such as interviews and questionnaires that explores the conflicts and its reproductions between the authorities and traditional communities. Advances and setbacks compound the wood exploration and fishing activities, even to a lesser extent, opening opportunities to new and old conflicts, especially because the negligence and bad management by responsible.

Expediente

The present research deals with the new dynamics of regional specialization of cocoa production in the southern state of Bahia. Since the so-called "cocoa crisis", it has been possible to observe the spread of new forms of cocoa production in the region, among which stands out the production of certified organic cocoa. This form of production is aligned with the phenomenon known as de-commoditisation of agricultural production, a process that brings as a characteristic the valorization of the specific forms of local production, the pursuit for the construction of a greater autonomy and identity of the producers and, in the case of the south of Bahia, established since the 1980 as a strategy to overcome the crisis experienced by the region. Through the presentation of the experiences of the Cabruca Cooperative and the Rede Povos da Mata, we sought to analyze two different types of certification of organic cocoa production in southern Bahia, certification by auditing and participatory certification. Our intention with the analysis of these different experiences was to evaluate to what extent the adoption of different models of control of certified production can allow the producer and the region to obtain a greater autonomy (political and economic), to become less subordinated to the market conventional agricultural commodities and to promote more equal regional development.

The expansion of capitalism in the Brazilian countryside produces contradictions that are inherent to its existence: at the same time that it generates and concentrates wealth to guarantee its reproduction, it expropriates and subjugates those subjects who oppose its development logic, producing and accentuating inequalities between social classes. This study describes and reflects on the violence in the countryside generated by the development of capitalism, which lacerates the landscape and the subjects’ relationship with their territories, violating individual and collective rights and promoting innumerable territorial conflicts. In this article, we report the experiences arising from fieldwork carried out in the Cariri region of Ceará, in the semi-arid region of Piauí and the Cerrado of Tocantins in January 2020. The research was carried out through the systematization of dialogues and photographic records of these three places, together with a critical reading of the processes perceived during the visits.  As a result of the field study, we identified elements that act dialectically in the composition of the landscapes and territories, leading to an analysis of the landscapes which separated them into two groups: a) the group of landscapes of territorial conflict (perceived concretely), and b) the group of landscapes of territorial resistance (materialized in the subjects’ practices of resistance).

O artigo intitulado Identidades Sociais dos/as Educadores/as na Luta pela Reforma Agrária no MST: processo de territorialização do Assentamento Roseli Nunes, é um recorte da pesquisa defendida em 2019, no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação – PPGEdu, Mestrado em Educação, na Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), intitulada: Formação dos/as Educadores/as do Campo e a Territorialização da Educação do Campo: concepções e práticas dos sujeitos da Escola Estadual Madre Cristina. Tem como objetivo compreender a constituição da identidade dos/as educadores/as a partir da luta pela reforma agrária junto ao MST, no processo de territorialização do Assentamento Roseli Nunes. O método empregado foi o da pesquisa-formação, que promoveu a interação entre pesquisadores/as e educadores/as. Como resultado das reflexões surgiram os conceitos de território, territorialização e territorialidade, aplicados no processo de análise das narrativas dos/as educadores/as, em seus depoimentos individuais e nos grupos colaborativos. Assim, foi tecida e compreendida a historicidade de constituição das identidades sociais no processo de territorialização nas práticas e lutas sociais da reforma agrária.

A realidade du sud-est du Pará est marquée directement par l´hégémonie de l´agro-négoce et de la mineration qui reçoivent d´énormes avantages de l´État brésilien soit sous la forme de crédits soit par l´installation d´infrastructures qui facilitent tant la production comme son écoulement. Cette augmentation de production de « commodities » conduit á une dispute de territoire avec divers acteurs ruraux dont les petits paysans qui ont lutté pour la conquête de leur territoire, matérialisé sous la forme des Projets d´Installation oú ils résistent aujourd´hui pour s´y maintenir. L´article présent a comme objetif de discuter cette territorialisation paysanne á partir des Projets d´Installation  et organisés par le Mouvement des travailleurs ruraux sans terre au sud-est du Pará. C´est dans ce but que le Mouvement tisse un ensemble de stratégies qui conduisent á la construction d´un réseau géographique de solidarité paysanne pour la lutte pour la terre, pour employer une politique d´échelle qui amplifie la lutte au niveau globale, pour rendre possibles les conquêtes locales et régionales et pour disputer les appareils privés de l´hégemonie. En ce sens, la territorialisation est basée sur le trépied  Terre-Éducation-Production. Du point de vue méthodologique, ce travail a utilisé la recherche bibliographique et documentaire, l´observation sistématique, des entrevues non structurées, des quetionnaires, des registres photographiques et la prodution d´une cartographie tématique.

The evolution of the concept of Food and Nutritional Security (FNS) in Brazil has been accompanied over the years by the development of FNS public policies oriented to guarantee the Human Right to Adequate Food (HRAF). Established in 2003 based on the diagnosis of non-compliance with HRAF in the country, the “Zero Hunger” Program proposed actions aimed at improving income and increasing the supply of food. In order to discuss the role of FNS policies in Brazil, focusing on the strategies of the “Zero Hunger” Program as a framework for action to combat hunger and misery in the country, the article raises it as a question: What is the role of the “Zero Hunger” program to strengthen other income transfer programs? in Brazil? What is the program differential and its contribution to the encouragement of family farming in Brazil? This study, with descriptive methodology, was based on documentary research carried out on official data from FAO and IBGE. From the analysis of bibliography and data collected, it is possible to conclude that the Zero Hunger program represents an important articulating axis of FNS policies in Brazil, allowing the implementation of important policies for access to food and strengthening family farming.