Repositório RCAAP

Since the mid-1970s, the Jequitinhonha valley has been the target of public government incentives for the implantation of eucalyptus monocultures. The government's objective was to occupy and integrate the region as a supplier of raw materials for the steel complex. The rural population of this region watched in astonishment as land grabs and restrictions on the use of "veredas" waters implemented by monoculture companies; then they associated the growing scarcity of water with double expropriation, of land and water. This article analyzes changes in the ways of managing natural resources, their influence on water and their effects on rural communities. The methodology articulates social, spatial and agronomic research techniques. The results indicated that the eucalyptus monocultures influenced the water dynamics, drying up water sources, causing water insecurity in localities, generating environmental, cultural and socioeconomic costs for the farming communities, for the public power and for society. Keywords: Monoculture. Eucalyptus. Water scarcity. Family Farmers, Jequitinhonha.

La costa del Pacífico colombiano, también conocida como Chocó biogeográfico, es una región históricamente ocupada por comunidades afrocolombianas que se formaron desde el siglo XVI y mantuvieron sus formas de vida tradicionales a través de la práctica de la agricultura, la pesca y el extractivismo. A lo largo del siglo XX, la región fue objeto de algunos procesos de intervención del gobierno colombiano en un intento de integrar la región, aislada del resto del país, a través de acciones permeadas por el discurso del desarrollo. Muchas de estas acciones generaron conflictos socioambientales y territoriales con las comunidades negras e indígenas establecidas allí. Frente a estos procesos, hubo resistencia de las comunidades que comenzaron a reclamar sus territorios, culminando con la promulgación de la Ley 70 de 1993, que tituló los terrenos baldíos para uso y posesión de los Consejos Comunitarios Afrocolombianos. Así, nos proponemos analizar este proceso de formación del territorio afrocolombiano y discutir cómo fue puesto en disputa, culminando con la creación de la Ley 70 en 1993, que generó la titularidad colectiva del territorio. Palabras-clave: Choco. Afrocolombianos. Territorio. Territorialidad.  

To analyze the fragmentation of the Afro-descendant quilombola territory of Morro São João, municipality of Santa Rosa do Tocantins and, based on the facts, delimit its original territory, comprising the farms, Morro São João, Rome, São Felipe, Barreira das Catas and Santa Rosa. theoretical framework directed to the study of quilombola, whose methodological procedures were qualitative, with comparative analyses. According to book-entry documents issued by the Nativity Registry, it was possible to reach an area of ​​approximately 6,300 a. (six thousand and three hundred alqueires) of land belonging to the Morro São João quilombo. Further studies are needed to better elucidate this territory. Keywords: Original Territory. Fragmentation. Quilombo. Morro São João.

By incorporating new territories, the agricultural frontier of the forest agribusiness has provoked changes in the forms of land use and transforming the territories, including the areas destined to family agriculture and traditional crops. having regard to this context, the aim of this work is to understand the changes arising from the process of expansion of Eucalyptus forestry over family farming territories in the municipalities of São Pedro da Água Branca and Vila Nova dos Martírios, located in the microregion of Imperatriz. Methodologically, the research uses primary data based on field research, visiting eucalyptus plantations, settlements and small family farms to create photographic collections; semi-structured interviews were also carried out with small producers of areas on which the Eucalyptus forestry has advanced. The secondary data used to create maps, graphs and tables were collected in the databases of Incra, IBGE and in reports of the Brazilian Tree Industry. The results of the research indicate that the territorial expansion of the Eucalyptus, through the control and appropriation of lands, has caused transformations in family agriculture, such as the decrease and weakening of traditional crops in the region.

En este artículo, realizamos una geografía retrospectiva de la Pampa brasileña en la escala del suroeste del Río Grande del Sur, ejercicio a través del cual percibimos su faceta históricamente construida: el paisaje pastoril, un paisaje agrario. Desvelamos una obra de origen moderno-colonial, pero que por su carácter extensivo fue tachada de “excesivamente dada a la naturaleza”, “arcaica” o “precapitalista”. Vemos una herencia de siglos de ganadería extensiva que ahora está sucumbiendo rápidamente al avance de la soja. Un patrimonio territorial y agrario que ahora se reduce a remanentes, confinados en geografías refractarias a usos hegemónicos. Estos remanentes, en cambio, ven formas crecientes de valorar lo diverso y lo único, a raíz de las mismas secuelas dejadas por el “intensivismo” y por los procesos globalizadores de masificación.

This article is part of a Postdoctoral research developed between 2017 and 2018. The objective was to present the paths taken by cooperativism practiced in Brazil. The directions were often distorted from the original ideals and thoughts of the precursors of the 18th and 19th century cooperative movement. Furthermore, union and labor origins were forgotten by many defenders of current cooperativism. On the other hand, at the same time, alternative currents, based, for example, on the Solidarity Economy, gained ground in the country.

Neste artigo apresentamos uma análise sobre experiências agroecológicas locais em Minas Gerais mostrando o protagonismo dos movimentos socioterritoriais na organização da produção e na comercialização de alimentos e os principais desafios do campesinato nos projetos de Reforma Agrária no estado. Realizamos uma contextualização da conjuntura agrária mineira, a partir dos dados sistematizados pela Rede Dataluta, abordando as principais categorias utilizadas pela rede de pesquisa e as principais categorias dos relatórios de pesquisa estadual de períodos diversos – manifestações do campo (2000-2019), ocupações de terras (1988-2019) e criação de assentamentos rurais (1986-2019). Ainda, foram realizadas algumas considerações sobre a expansão das grandes corporações no campo e a luta pela terra em Minas Gerais como forma de subsidiar a reflexão sobre as estratégias dos movimentos socioterritoriais. As políticas agrárias implementadas em níveis federal e estadual foram paralisadas, constituindo uma década marcada pela maior retração da Reforma Agrária na história do país.

Peasant agriculture is characterized by the food production for the family living, through its own consumption and sale. Public policies are needed for the production and sale of its products, which can be stimulated by the expansion or creation of new marketing circuits, especially short ones. Moreover, the road infrastructure “modernization” can be attractive for the generation of new businesses, substantially impacting the surroundings of each major investment. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to problematize the debate on the peasant agriculture development and involvement, presenting some exploitation possibilities of the territorial singularities surrounding the passage of the bioceanic route in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul by the peasant families. Our research methodology were secondary data from IBGE on agriculture and livestock, interviews with rural extension technicians and fieldwork from Campo Grande to Porto Murtinho, passing through the cities of Sidrolândia, Nioaque, Guia Lopes da Laguna and Jardim. It was observed that peasant agriculture can benefit from the spatial proximity to the bioceanic route if the peasants have political support from the State and non-governmental organizations in valuing their culture in the food production for the domestic market.

The aim of this paper is to discuss the concept of territory as an analytical category of Geography and its endings: territorialize, deterritorialize and reterritorialize within the scope of the Dataluta project, observing its importance for the construction of a collective of thought on agrarian reform in Brazil. For this, we used the content analysis methodology proposed by Bardim (1979) combined with the use of NVIVO qualitative research software. The publications used for this theoretical and methodological reflection show that the category of territory analysis is present in the texts of the Dataluta Bulletin combined with formation and socio-territorial movements and land reform. In addition to scrutinizing this category in socio-territorial movements.

This work derives from the Land and Territory Study Group (GETT) discussions and analyzes, which is linked to the Agrarian Geography Laboratory (GEOAGRÁRIA), of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas (MS) campus and from actions of the DATALUTA/MS project, linked to the national DATALUTA Network. The objective is to analyze the agrarian question in Mato Grosso do Sul today, discussing data on the land use, land structure, land struggle and land reform, highlighting the agrarian issues resulting from the occupation process and from the conversion of public and indigenous lands on private land. It is based on theoretical assumptions related to the problems arising from the development of capitalism in the countryside and from the class struggle, inherent to the agrarian question. To support the discussions, data on land occupations and settlements creation from the Land Struggle Database (DATALUTA) were used. These data, systematized in graphs, made it possible to analyze the dynamics of the land struggle in Mato Grosso do Sul. In addition, there are also land structure data obtained from DATALUTA and a second georeferenced database from the INCRA. The data presented show the devastating power of the monopoly of capitalist land ownership in Mato Grosso do Sul and its impacts on the struggle of socio-territorial movements for Agrarian Reform.

L'objectif de ce travail est d'analyser l'expansion du capital en milieu rural dans l'état de Goiás-Brésil et l’action des mouvements socio-territoriaux sous les différents gouvernements nacionaux au cours des vingt-cinq dernières années. Cette recherche a été réalisée à partir d’une étude bibliographique sur les thèmes d’investigation et la collecte, la systématisation, la spatialisation et l'analyse des données secondaires sur l'état de Goiás. On a constaté que le territoire de l'état de Goiás a subi des transformations profondes au cours des vingt-cinq dernières années, dont l'agriculture d’entreprise capitaliste s'est développée et, de manière contradictoire, il y a eu des résistances et des luttes à partir de l’action des mouvements socio-territoriaux. Dans les années 1990, on constate le démarrage de la politique néolibéral de renforcement et d'expansion du capital en milieu rural, qui jusqu'au milieu des années 2000 avait pour contrepartie l'implantation de la réforme agraire sous la pression des mouvements socio-territoriaux. Depuis lors, les contradictions entre l'expansion capitaliste et les politiques de soutien à l'agriculture paysanne se sont intensifiées, se traduisant par une réduction considérable des actions des mouvements socio-territoriaux et par la paralysie de la politique foncière, entraînant des pertes importantes dans les domaines social, économique et environnemental.

In which context did the mechanisms of land obtainment took place in Brazil? How to explain the reduction of areas by disappropriation and the expansion of rural settlements in the period 1985-2019? This article deals with both questions. Brazil follows the select group of countries that have not yet carried out an Agrarian Reform. Reflect on the necessary State actions that ensure deconcentration of land and social justice in field requires understanding the institutional and operational limitations for social function of property application in contemporary Brazil. Between 1985 and 2019, Brazil implemented 9,367 settlements projects with capacity to include 1,076,939 families. This means 78.3 million hectares of land, or 9.2% of national territory. It is not insignificant, but it was not enough to alter the highly concentrated land structure. To answer the questions, the land acquisition database of Agrarian Reform was analyzed in parallel with production pattern changes of agriculture in two distinct periods: 1985-1999 and 2000-2019. Results indicates that the commodites strengthment in the late 1990s and the expansion of areas allocated to them generated impact on land prices. The disappropriation mechanisms for land obtainment have not been updated to apply the social function of the property in its entirety. Thus, the normative instruments succumb to rules that the land market imputes, increasingly difficult to an Agrarian Reform as planned at the initial moment of brazilian redemocratization.

The last settlement created in Mato Grosso do Sul was in 2013. Since 1984, 204 land reform territories have been created in that state. This was possible with the organization of socio-territorial movements that fought and, after countless agrarian conflicts, conquered their land of work and life. Among these movements, the MST is one of the great protagonists, with more than 100 land occupations, having a direct link with the conquest of 55 territories of agrarian reform in Mato Grosso do Sul. State with an extremely unequal agrarian structure and a great history of violence in the countryside, these territories represent the results of the trajectories of these movements and occupation as a tool for territorial development. We aim to understand the importance of the MST-MS for popular agrarian reform in Mato Grosso do Sul. This is done through a literature review, data analysis from the DATALUTA Network, CPT, INCRA, IBGE, MST information, and data. Observing that each land occupation carried out by this socio-territorial movement was part of the agrarian reform process of conquest of territory, land occupations are intrinsically related to the creation of rural settlements, as can be seen in this research.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as reivindicações da luta pela terra a partir das manifestações promovidas pelos movimentos socioterritoriais no estado de Minas Gerais, considerando os espaços apropriados pelos manifestantes e também os grupos envolvidos. Para o estudo, são utilizados os registros coletados e sistematizados em bancos de dados referentes aos conflitos no campo e ao processo de luta pela terra no Brasil, especificamente o Banco de Dados da Luta pela Terra - DATALUTA, além de entrevistas junto a dois integrantes de movimentos socioterritoriais. As questões abordadas neste trabalho indicam que estes sujeitos se organizam, unem forças e se articulam pautados na experiência do cotidiano e na formação política, sendo a pressão popular um meio fundamental para se alcançar as mudanças propostas para o campo.

Este dossiê da Revista de Geografia Agrária Campo Território contém artigos que promovem um debate teórico-conceitual das análises feitas pela REDE DATALUTA, a partir de nosso banco de dados com o objetivo de fortalecer os estudos da geografia agrária e de outras áreas do conhecimento a respeito da questão agrária.

Expediente da edição

Expediente da edição

Expediente da edição

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o tamanho de amostra (número de cápsulas) necessário para a estimação da média de caracteres produtivos de linho (Linum usitatissimum L.), cultivar CDC Normandy, em níveis de precisão. Em área experimental de 15m×15m (225 m2) aos 137 dias após a semeadura, foram selecionadas, aleatoriamente, 300 plantas e coletada uma cápsula por planta. Em cada cápsula foram avaliados os caracteres massa de cápsula, massa de grãos por cápsula, número de grãos por cápsula e massa de mil grãos. Para cada caractere, foram calculadas medidas de tendência central, variabilidade, assimetria e curtose. Foi determinado o tamanho de amostra por meio de reamostragem, com reposição, de 10.000 reamostras. Para a estimação da média desses caracteres de linho, cultivar CDC Normandy, com amplitude do intervalo de confiança de 95% igual a 10% da estimativa da média são necessárias 78 cápsulas.

Trabalhos de pesquisa no Brasil e em outros países, com a utilização de silicato de cálcio, vem mostrando resultados promissores na cultura da cana- de- açúcar. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito residual da aplicação do silicato de cálcio como material corretivo de acidez do solo, nos atributos químicos do solo e na produtividade da primeira soqueira de cana-de-açúcar. O trabalho foi desenvolvido, em condições de campo, na Fazenda Escola da Anhanguera de Dourados-MS, com a variedade SB803250. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de doses distintas de silicato de cálcio (0, 700, 1400, 2800, 5600 kg ha-1). No solo, a amostragem foi realizada aos 24 meses após a aplicação do silicato de cálcio, nas camadas de 0-0,2- e 0,20-0,40 m de profundidade, determinando os atributos químicos para fins de fertilidade do solo e a produtividade da cana-soca. O silicato de cálcio promoveu efeito residual benéfico nos atributos de acidez do solo após 24 meses da aplicação. A aplicação do silicato de cálcio, em pré-plantio, promoveu efeito residual positivo na produtividade da soqueira da cana-de-açúcar.