Repositório RCAAP

“Combien de temps faut-il pour qu’un concept ou une catégorie développée dans une université soit débattue en milieu scolaire?” C’est la question posée par Castellar (2010, p.12-20). Celle-ci nous sert de base pour élaborer notre réflexion à propos de l’enseignement de la Géographie de l’Afrique dans les écoles primaires du Brésil. Notre réflexion est fondée sur la loi 10.639, créée en 2003 par le Ministère de l’Éducation et de la Culture. Il s’agit d’une loi obligeant les écoles à enseigner la Géographie de l’Afrique. Nous avons donc cherché à savoir ce qu’il en est aujourd’hui. Nous avons donc découvert qu’avant cette loi, la production littéraire sur la Géographie de l’Afrique avait déjà commencé. Cependant, après la promulgation de cette loi, il y a eu un changement significatif qui a engendré de nouvelles discussions comme celle concernant l’univers des populations afro-brésiliennes (les descendants des africains). Cette thématique s’illustre par quelques publications de divers spécialistes brésiliens et étrangers. Notons aussi la mobilisation des mouvement sociaux qui réclament l’application effective de cette loi, ainsi que des changements de concept à propos de cette thématique brésilienne et du continent africain.

The northern region of Minas Gerais presents itself as an area of lower commercial value of the land in the state. Thus, land acquisition for the implementation of forestry projects, especially eucalyptus, was facilitated. Eucalyptus demand large areas, so the price of land is an important variable for the economic success of the enterprise. In this context, this paper analyzed the spatial distribution of such cultivation in the northern state of Minas Gerais, in the years 1986, 1996 and 2010. Thus, we used medium-resolution orbital products to extract the areas of eucalyptus. These data were overlaid through GIS, other characteristics of this region. Thus, it was possible to identify the dynamics of this forest, which, according to the results, has been reducing the area occupied in the north of Minas Gerais.

The current work has as objective to present a proposal for a touristic route for Indianópolis/MG, so that the preservation of the city geocultural patrimony can be 76. GeoTextos, vol. 8, n. 2, dez. 2012. L. Bento, T. Martins, P. Oliveira, A. Pedrosa. 75-96 valued, publicized and promoted. From this objective bibliographic revisions were made about the theme, field work in the area of study to identify and characterize the patrimonial elements and, finally, the definition and the elaboration of the geocultural route having the support of the Geographic Information Systems. This route of 64 km comprises representative attractions of the natural and cultural patrimony (material and inmaterial) of the city, such as waterfalls, centennial large houses, churches, among others which permit, through different senses, to perceive in the landscape vestiges of a past which is still present nowadays and a present which also presents traces of modernity.

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate what the geographical sense of the party dynamic in the relational context. For this, we went to Fatima Sanctuary in Fortaleza - CE to analyze the movements which builds the festive sense that the sanctuary has, as well the legitimacy and posterity that the party offers to the representations linked to it. The relational geography enters, in that sense, as a daily practice responsible for preparing the fleeting moment that is the party and their spatial and temporal aftermaths which accompany the sense of Fatima Sanctuary permanently.

This article discusses the consequences of building the campus of the University of Recôncavo (UFRB) in Santo Antonio de Jesus, Bahia. Thus, the relevant literature and iconographic material were used. Theoretically a multi-scale perspective was taken, examining the development of Santo Antonio de Jesus in the context of its region, the Recôncavo. It was demonstrated how Santo Antonio de Jesus has its evolution associated with this region. In parallel it was showed how a fragmenting hegemonic power is accomplished over several times, always related to an alleged modernization of the region. It was also discussed the deployment of UFRB as a regional development project and analyzed the consequences of their deployment in intra-urban space of Santo Antonio de Jesus. It was verified the intensified fragmentation of the space generated intra-urban also a hegemonic action that takes place unevenly and encourages the emergence of new dynamics in the interior. Thank UFRB an immigrant population with specific characteristics has appeared, and new areas have emerged, some of themself segregated, expanding the number of residential enclaves. The possible new dynamics that derive from this state of things were questioned, and its possible consequences, since the process under analysis is not yet consummated.

The experience undertaken along an empirical work at Largo da Graça (Graça Square), in Salvador, Bahia, motivated this article which presents a deep study with new researches, local visits, interviews and pictures, as a reality direct observation technique. But, which method to adopt in order to learn the essence of the studied space? Following a thought by Júlia Adão Bernardes, I strayed without a trail, expecting to have trailed it at the end of the work. The activities were systematized and rationalized in order to lead to a valid knowledge of the area; I proceeded the investigations and analysis of the facts, processes and institutions of the past, which interacted with the qualitative interviews on the local workers, inhabitants and visitors everyday life. My perception of the Largo da Graça has changed from a simply perceived to a lived space, a differentiated public space, through its concreteness and the daily practices and social dynamics there occurring.

With this article we propose a reflection on the peasant caatingueiro in its geographical dimension. This approach is based on the cultural, political, economic and social aspects, in order to provide elements that characterize and differentiate the peasant caatingueiro described the backcountry or appointed by the classical literature (Cunha, 1991) and by contemporary authors, as is the case of Brandão (2009). Along the historical process approaches to the Sertão and the backwoodsmen were characterized by a homogeneous political and cultural discourses and supported by public policies that deal with farmers from different regions of Brazil as if it existed only in a single-dividuum backcountry, similar the figure of “Jeca Tatu” described by Monteiro Lobato. It seeks, from the relationship between theory and empiricism, seeking to go beyond the a priori, showing that the social subject area produces and is produced by him. Their values, socio-cultural practices and worldviews exert a strong influence on their form of social organization and their relationship with their place of living, in this case, the semi-arid. The development projects designed for the fraction of the country are guided by the contradiction delay versus modernity, or dry versus water availability as foundational elements to justify policies of regional development / planning.

The Globalization of the capital is one of the greatest agents propelling the work division. By augmenting the general conditions of production in the diverse scales, it aggregates several new spaces to the circulation and production of goods. This reverberates territorially in the de-concentration of production, reaffirming more and more the need of a technical and territorial of work, as well as a new way of work organization, having in mind the encouragement of productivity. The restructuring of the productive processes provokes many changes at the social reproduction and the organization of the geographic space. In Brazil, specially since the 1980s many places become attractive for the modern production and have been incorporated to the globalized productive circuits of national and multi-national firms of different branches of economics. Among the results, it could be mentioned the economic and territorial restructuring of various natures and magnitudes, bringing about new characteristics to he urban network. At this article, we aim to present, considering the current situation, some of the effects of these processes, materialized in a medium size city and its respective region places at the Brazilian semi-arid zone. We highlight the conformation of the technical and territorial work division by working on the data of formal work.

Within studies concerning urban networks those that refer to hierarchies of their centers stand out most. One of the richest and best known bases is the “theory of central place” formulated by Walter Christaller and published in 1933. In this context this study aims at presenting contributions to the study of hierarchies in urban centers which antecede the classic above mentioned study. It is noteworthy that these studies were, later, more profoundly examines by Christaller through a extensive bibliographic collection, which resulted in full systemization of the theme of space organization of urban centers, already in the 1930s, according to his hierarchy.

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Due to the constancy of collapses that the artisanal fishing sector is experiencing around the world, demands for mitigating measures have increased and, together, 98. GeoTextos, vol. 8, n. 2, dez. 2012. R. Dumith. 97-121 the discussion of the need for solidly effective management of natural resources from the fishing shows increasingly imminent. Marine Protected Areas have proven to be interesting alternatives to the maintenance of fish stocks, especially those called Marine Extractive Reserves. The Marine Extractive Reserves, besides ensuring the customary law of possession for the traditional hunting and gathering communities, predict the action of co-management as a tool of management. Co-management is crucial for the integration of all the target actors involved in the process of natural resource management, both local sphere and governmental one, which promotes the encouragement of more democratic practices and socially fairer.

This paper aims to study about the historical process of tourism in the state of Bahia. With theoretical ruled in documentary research, as well as authors such as Fürst (2009), Gullestrup (2009), Bonald (1978), Warrior (2005), Reis (2010) among others, it was found that the local culture of the people of Bahia, as well as the emblematic figure of Antonio Carlos Magalhães (ACM), through its political conduct, which conformed two contradictory postures politically, a developmental and other oligarchic-conservative, were responsible for establishing and leading tourism planned in NE.

The appropriation of the natural environment by man establishes strategies of spatial production and organization. This work aims to perform a multitemporal analysis of land use and land cover in the last two decades in Riachão das Neves County, considering the terrain attributes and the adequacy of environmental laws. The methodology adopts remote sensing and GIS techniques and field work. The data processing can be subdivided into the following steps: (a) multitemporal analysis of agricultural expansion, (b) protected areas mapping, and (c) identification of inappropriate use of protected areas. Multitemporal analysis using ALOS-PRISM sensor with high spatial resolution for 2008 and the Landsat imagery from 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004 and 2008. The classification process was done by visual interpretation and checking of field work. Riachão das Neves has approximately 67% of the natural vegetation. There is an apparent geomorphological control on the production system. In the Depression and Valley areas, the land use is concentrated around the rivers by small farmers, mostly livestock farming, while in the Plateau areas the land use is dominated by large scale mechanized agriculture.

The easterly waves (DOL’s) are disorders of the trade winds, which, in northeastern Brazil, usually are associated with extreme precipitation events. This paper examines the evolutionary pattern of a DOL that hit the state of Pernambuco in June 2010, causing flooding and severe economic losses humans. The clipping chosen for analysis was the Una river basin, which had 11 affected municipalities. The analysis of the event based on the interpretation of images GOES-12 and TRMM. It was found that the analysis of GOES-12 images isolated not produce an effective, however, when combined with more information, come to a concise answer and extremely important for studies related to climate events. To evaluate the vulnerability to flooding of several municipal seats Una river basin, used a kernel density estimator based on the magnitude values of the drainage network. The results indicated that even naturally less vulnerable areas can be seriously affected by the amount precipitated.

This paper discusses important theoretical mediations in understanding the new structuring standards of Latin American metropolises, focusing on the analytical potential of two concepts in Urban Geography: sociospatial segregation and urban fragmentation. The reflections are based on literature review and empirical analysis of a metropolis in particular (Fortaleza-CE), which presents significant changes in their spatial structure. We conclude that the actual process that commands the structuring of Latin American metropolises is crossed by segregation (superposing and mixing fractal and center-periphery standards) and the spatial fragmentation (in the physical-material, socio-political spatial and functional dimensions).

The objective of this study is to contribute in an integrated way, to understand the recent changes in the organization of the dynamic system of Brazilian cities, prioritizing the rank-size of urban centers. This analysis was made for the period 1991-2010. The rank-size relationship in a system of cities has been studied by constructing a graph with logarithmic scale on both axes. The graph shows an imbalance between the 2nd city and the cities that immediately follow the hierarchy until close to a population of 3,000,000 inhabitants. From there, we can say that there is an almost regular basis, especially for the years 2000 and 2010. The rank-size graph has also been produced for all states, classified into three groups: (i) states with extremely unbalanced urban system, (ii) states with unbalanced urban system, (iii) states with little unbalanced urban system. The analysis allows us to state that the system of cities in Brazil has undergone important changes that express, in the urbanized space, the economic and social changes across the country. Indeed, the growing integration of the Brazilian economy and society has been manifested by the tendency to greater regularity (de-concentration) and diversity in the distribution of cities by rank-size.

Since the 1980s, when South America pulled away the shadow of authoritarianism and again to breathe the air of freedom, the democratization process has been strengthened in the region, within a very dynamic and not uniform among the states. In this chapter we describe the construction of regional democracy and the changes occurring every decade, including the prospects for this ongoing, with reference to the historical and political process of each South American State, including the ostensible expansion of citizenship rights and political involvement of citizen, but 186. GeoTextos, vol. 8, n. 2, dez. 2012. E. Carmo, S. Pacheco. 185-210 without ceasing to understand the fragility of political institutions, the drama of corruption, the obstacles posed by drug trafficking and the guerrilla groups, the constraints to economic growth and rising, but still incipient, organization of the Southern Common Market – Mercosul.

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In this article, I analyze, with aid of the concepts guide for the geographical science, two works by Americans over the Brazilian Amazon. Amazon Town of Charles Wagley, and the travel journal of American George E. Hafstad. Works which exposes the Brazilian Amazon and way of life of its people, describing in detail actions, habits, thoughts and beliefs, way of acting man Amazonian descriptions that form a backdrop of compositions and orientations of Amazon to the world. The main objective of this paper is to check the perceptions and representations of foreign researchers to translate Amazon contexts and scenarios to your community, with the help of the notions of space, place, landscape and territory. Interest in the analysis of these materials is due to singular description of Amazonian details that demonstrate the concern of foreign technicians involved with research in the Brazilian Amazon, between the years 1940 to 1950, with reading contexts and scenarios and detailed translation of the analyzed reality to their community, and also by the possibility of observation and demystification of misunderstandings made by these researchers and the rescue of cultural and historical values of this region.

The Brazil has courses of geographyat the modalities Degree Plenas (LP) and baccalaureate (B), distributed in different regions within its territory. Being the Geography of the disciplines working with environmental issues in this analysis seeks to evaluate how this issue is addressed in the formation of Geographer. Thus, the article sought to map the location of 233 educational institutions that offer courses in geography (LP/B) and consider the menu of disciplines, aiming thereby gain an understanding of how the disciplines that work the theme, addressing the issue of environment in Geography courses. Methodologically, the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) was crucial because it allowed locate and make a spatial analysis of all educational institutions. The survey results showed updated as has the issue of the environment, in the curriculum Brazilian.