Repositório RCAAP

No summary/description provided

No summary/description provided

No summary/description provided

This article analyzes brazilian metropolises from the perspective of their urban issues and shows their potentialities. The analysis finds that, despite of the great differences among the 26 brazilian metropolises, they all have a similar set of change dynamics. To understand these dynamics, the article focuses on the changes that are part of the process that creates such metropolises, and on the changes that occur as the metropolis acquires new characteristics, both in the consolidated downtown areas and in the new spatial arrangements at the intercity and regional levels. The article emphasizes that during the last two decades of the 20th century, brazilian metropolises increased their double role as agents and arenas of the socioeconomic, political and territorial change process experienced by the regions in which they are located. Deemed a great wealth of the nation, the metropolitan urban framework has the potential to create a unified and connected metropolitan urban network in its territory. This network will rise from more intense and permanent exchanges at various levels, ranging from cultural to economic. The article points out that it is necessary to draw a metropolitan policy for the national territory, based on the strengthening of large infrastructure systems, so that the present" set of metropolises" becomes a genuine" metropolitan network."

The process of structural adjustment following the Third-World debt crisis in the early 1980s - and still persisting as a permanent adjustment - seems to have produced a corresponding" urban adjustment". In both the structural and urban adjustments, the roles of the World Bank and, in Latin America, of the IDB, in partnership with local elites and technocracies, were decisive. Despite of the strong interference of the two financial institutions with public policies in the developing world, their strategies for action represent a new theme that has not been fully surveyed by academic research. The purpose of this paper is to study the type of model for a city defended by these institutions, as well as the meaning of this model. In my Master's dissertation at FAUUSP, I found that World Bank and IDB loans - which come to public managers as a" salvation" in times of crises - are not" neutral" and carry with them an agenda: they are intended to model given standards for the use of public resources and for the organization of governments. Both institutions have disseminated public policies that follow corporate profitability criteria and a public management model based on outsourcing, which is subject to private technical staffs from project management companies, private foundations, NGOs, and numerous consultants. Their purpose is to change some local governments in developing countries - particularly those that include territories that support transnational business - into administrative structures that are increasingly trained to respond to big private interests and are free from any commitment to real democracy.

Property rights, considered unlimited in the past, have been gradually associated with a social and environmental purpose. This text studies the concept, content, limits, and potential practical application of the principle of the social function of the urban property; presents the key legislation associated with it; and examines whether the concept involves environmental protection. The Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 has associated property rights with compliance with social function requirements, regulated by master plans of the municipalities. Environmental balance was understood to be a fundamental right. Law n. 10.257/2001 enabled the practical application of this principle. The present brazilian civil code includes the social purpose of property and its compliance with environmental laws. The conclusion was that it is possible to have a precise assessment if an urban property meets its social function. If this does not happen, penalties may apply. However, this concept does not include environmental aspects, only urban criteria for land use.

The increasing degradation of Latin American cities, in addition to the importance of urban environments and culture within the world context of globalization and postmodernism, has recently raised interest in analyses from different disciplines and has nourished current debates. In this process, the points of view of different experts, ranging from utopia to realism, are confronted. These positions are part of the approach of" order-disorder" dynamics and of the conflict of interests we see in cities. The critics of the utopian vision lead us to formulate new concepts and methods to interpret the urban processes within a realistic orientation, restoring real sense to the debates: to generate new knowledge that helps materialize the design of a fair city based on the social aspiration of a desirable and well-balanced urban environment. In this context and with this approach, the sociocultural urbanization concept is included in this investigation. It encourages research dedicated to discovering the cultural dimension of a city.

Many types of buildings and many types of open spaces make up the urban landscape and the urban fabric of the city of São Paulo in the early 21st century. One of several forms of housing is the high-and medium-standard condominium. Some of these have a simple morphological structure, with buildings parallel to the front property line, gardens in the front yard, and a playground in the backyard. Others have a more complex morphological structure, with groups of trees, woods, private streets, and the original topography partially preserved. In fact, there is a gradation in the design of open spaces, which varies from the establishment of garden areas to that of private parks, with the square and the club in between. The former is characterized by its design and by the arrangement of buildings; the latter by leisure areas, swimming pools, and sports courts in the central area of the property. This gradation determines the typological variety of high-and medium-standard condominiums that are part of the urban landscape in São Paulo. In this case, it is possible to discuss the types of condominiums, emphasizing their similarities, differences, and hierarchies. This paper presents a typology of these condominiums, to study their open spaces. This typology, however, will not be limited to a formal analysis, since their main characteristics are associated with urban landscape and society.

Landscapes in brazilian cities have generally resulted from the skill of the land planners to set aside, for preservation or environmental reasons, areas considered environmentally sensitive, unique from the landscape perspective, or potential leisure places. This attitude not only reduces the landscape’s dimension to one of its many peculiarities, but also makes it harder to understand urban configuration as a complex process that includes the natural environment, the built environment, culture, technique, and the citizen, who is the subject, the player and the agent in building these spaces. At the same time, countless regulations, laws, statutes, and rules aimed at city building have attempted to use modern urban planning to arrange the city, to make it ascetic and beautiful, attractive for investment, and profitable. Authorities try to control and order that which is more apparent and visible. The result is a disconnected and disjointed city, which is not attractive to its inhabitants because it was designed by other changing and diverse interests. In this city, inhabitants exercise daily their possible consensus.

The relevant bibliography and documents concerning the history of Place des Vosges and Covent Garden during the first half of the seventeenth century are reassessed and analyzed to identify their designs' guidelines and to clarify how they were built. This analysis shows that, in the case of Place des Vosges, construction was gradual, marked by conflicts among the several agents involved. There was not a well-defined project of a place royale by the Crown. In the case of Covent Garden, it was possible to understand that the English Crown imposed the design of a place royale at first, but the resistance of the IV Earl of Bedford prevented its realization.

The understanding of human behavior in the environment is one of the main contributions of environmental psychology to the post-occupancy evaluation (POE), especially in terms of developing observation techniques, such as behavioral traces, behavioral mapping, and behavior-setting analysis. Based on this premise, this paper brings an overview of this field and discusses its potential applications in architectonic and urbanistic proposals.

O artigo trata, primeiramente, da relação entre arquitetura, desenho industrial e produção seriada, considerada orientadora para os estudos iniciais da pesquisa Produção seriada e projeto arquitetônico: A escola secundária, desenvolvida com o apoio da Fapesp e do CNPq. Em seguida, são apresentadas idéias sobre matéria-prima, estrutura, rede modular, módulos e partido de projeto que, em seu conjunto, representam a reflexão inicial condutora da pesquisa. Concluímos, apontando para a necessidade de estudos sobre produção modular, versão mais recente da produção industrial, e de sua aplicação à arquitetura.

No summary/description provided

No summary/description provided

No summary/description provided

No summary/description provided

No summary/description provided

No summary/description provided

No summary/description provided

No summary/description provided