Repositório RCAAP

Metastasis to regional lymph nodes is an important step in the dissemination of cancer. The mechanisms of this dissemination are poorly understood, probably due to the paucity of authentic experimental models. The aim of the present study was to characterize the Ehrlich tumor as a model of lymphatic metastasis in mice. Animals were inoculated into the footpad and the popliteal lywph nodes were collected at several times post-inoculation in order to evaluate their weight, histopathological aspects,and mast cells quantitation, since these cells are reported to be implicated in host's response to tumor. The migration of tumor cells was detected by a biological assay as early as 1 hour post-inoculation. The solid tumor growth in the footpad was measured until day 30 post-inoculation and the histological alterations during this period were also studied. Ehrlich tumor was considered as a suitable model for the study of lymphatic metastasis.

A brief revision is made about the physiopathology of hydrocephalus, and its implication to the clinical diagnosis. Congenital hydrocephalus is reported in a 50 day old female Chihuahua. The dog had an enlarged head, incoordination, falling, intention tremors and irritability. A ventriculography indicated a gross distention of the lateral ventricles. The cerebral cortex was thin, but with its architecture preserved. The cerebral aqueduct and 4th ventricle were not dilated. There were no signs of inflammatory reaction or stenosis on the histological sections, but based on the macroscopic observations it was possible to conclude that the malformation was in the interventricular foramina.

The literature about bubaline hematology is very scrimpy and only a small number of researchers have been published papers establishing the hematological parameters in this species. In this work, 180 buffaloes females of Jafarabadi, Murrah and Mediterranean breed were allocated in 6 groups according their ages. Blood samples were submitted to global erithrocytes count, hemoglobin dosage and globular volume determination. Absolut hematimetric index (Corpuscular Volune Mean - CVM, Corpuscular Hemoglobin Mean - CHM and Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration Mean - CHCM) were, then, calculated. The results were exposed in tables and showed no breed influences in the parameters studied. However, it was found an age influence because the values of erithrocyte count, hemoglobine and globular volume decreases and the values of CVM, CHM and CHCM increases with the age development.

Foi avaliado o quadro leucocitário de 180 búfalas das raças Jafarabadi, Murrah e Mediterrânea, clinicamente sadias e criadas na região do Vale do Ribeira, Estado de São Paulo. As contagens do número global de leucócitos foram feitas em hemocitômetro de Neubauer modificado, a partir de amostras de sangue colhidas por punção da veia jugular, em frascos contendo 0,05 ml de EDTA a 10%. As contagens diferenciais dos tipos leucocitários foram realizadas em esfregaços sanguíneos corados pela técnica recomendada por Rosenfeld. As médias das contagens globais e dos diferentes tipos celulares foram apresentadas em tabelas, segundo as raças e as faixas etárias dos animais estudados. Não foram encontradas quaisquer diferenças estatisticamente significantes nas variáveis estudadas entre as 3 raças acima definidas. Com oavançar da idade das búfalas, verificou-se uma diminuição significativa do núnero total de leucócitos, núnero relativo e absoluto de linfócitos típicos e totais e número absoluto de linfócitos atípicos e aumento significativo da porcentagem de neutrófilos segmentados e totais e do número relativo e absoluto de eosinófilos.

It was studied the effect of frozen bull semen after thawing and incubation at 45 °C during one hour or at 38 °C during 5 hours (Quick and Slow Thermoresistance Tests), on fertility of beef cows. Treatment 1 included 6 groups of 10 females inseminated with semen showing 20% or plus of progressive motility on quick test and less than 20% on slow test. Treatment 2 (control) included 5 groups of 10 and 1 group of 9 females inseminated with semen showing 20% of progressive motility on slow test and any value on quick test. Only one straw was utilized per estrus, admitted up to 3 repetitions. Pregnancy diagnosis was made by rectal palpation, 60 days after A.I.. Satisfactory results in pregnancy rates were obtained in both treatments (QTT/Q = 0.793 + ou - 0.05 and STT/S = 0.875 + ou - 0.05) with no statistical differences (P>0.05) between them. There was no statistical differences in pregnancy rates of cows inseminated with semen showing motility from 20 to 50% after incubation at 45 °C for one hour.

In this work, 30 adult Landrace x Large White crossbred sows were used, raised under industrial management conditions. The objective was to determine the progesterone blood serial levels during the gestation period. Blood samples were collected at the same interval, between 08:00 and 10.00 AM, in a total of 10 venous pinctions, distributed as following: days zero, 1st, 4 th, 7th, 23rd, 57th, 83rd, 107th, 112th and 114th day taking day zero as the day of the second and last sating and day first the ionediatelly subsequent. Hormonal dosage assays were performed using the technique of radioimunoassay (RIE) in solid phase, with a kit of comercial reagents (COAT-A-COUNT R). Results showed increasing values for progesterone since day zero until the day 107th, decreasing thereafter.

The ultrastructure of Leydig cells of horses, asses and hinnies was compared to show the morphological differences among them. These cells have a well developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum, indicating a normal steroidogenic activity, but in the horse, this organelle seems to be a litle more abundant. The mitochondria was round, small and numerous. In asses and hinnies a great amount of microfilaments appear mainly near the nucclei. The function of these filaments is unknown, because there is no aparent reason for these cells to have a well developed cytoskeletal since they are imobile and don't have a supporting function, except, by, the steroids precursors and intracellular organelles transport.

Amostras fecais de bovinos comprovadamente parasitados e outras de animais possuidores de pâncreas macroscopicamente normais (controle) foram submetidas à prova do filme. Os resultados mostraram que tanto os animais parasitados quanto aqueles do grupo controle comportaram-se de modo semelhante à prova do filme. Com isto, concluiu-se que o referido teste deve ser desconsiderado para os fins propostos de diagnóstico presuntivo de infecções por Eurytrema sp em bovinos.

The counting of age rings in scales method was employed to determine growth curve for Astyanax bimaculatus in Ibitinga Reservoir (21°46'S and 48°59’W), according to von Bertalanffy, equation. 50 specimes, caught from July 1989 to June 1990 were analysed. It was also determined that the best body region for scales lecture, according to WERDER and SOARES 18 (1984), was surrounding the pectoral fin (E region). Observed results showed: - for 8 age classes, mean total lengths were: 1 - 61.03 mm; 2 - 75.30 mm; 3 - 86.67 mm; 4 - 97.92 mm; 5 - 109.80 mm; 6 - 121.75 mm; 7 - 134.13 mm and 8 - 144.40 mm. - The general growth curve equation estimated from the obtained data is: ^Lt = 223,14 [1 – e -0,1027 (t + 1,8549) ]

The influence of BCG on the resistance of hamsters experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was investigated. Forty-eight young male hamsters were used as the follow: 23 of them have administered two intraperitoneal dosis of BCG with seven days of interval: the remaining 25 were treated with placebo (Souton solution) in the same way as in the BCG treatment. On the third day after the second BCG or placebo administration, each animal was inoculated with 0.5 ml of a suspension of L. pomona through the intraperitoneal route. The animals were observed for signs and symptoms of leptospirosis during a period of 21 days and those in the agonic state of disease were killed and their kidney and serum samples were taken for the demonstration of antibodies and leptospiroses, by means of serum agglutination test and by the direct culture of kidney fragments. All of the survivors were killed at the 21st day post infection and evaluated for antibodies an leptospires, as described above. For the BCG treated group, no death was recorded (0/23 or 0,00%) whereas in the control group 80% of deaths (20/25) were observed.

Determinou-se a prevalência do nematóide Trichosomoides crassicauda na colônia convencional de ratos Wistar do Biotério Central (DTAEP) da Faculdade de Medicina da USP. Foram examinadas as bexigas urinárias de 365 ratos sendo 130 machos e 133 fêmeas, de 8 a 19 semanas de idade; e 51 machos e 51 fêmeas, com idade acima de 20 semanas, retirados da reprodução. Foi também determinada a prevalência de cálculos urinários, os quais têm sido associados à presença do parasita. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a prevalência do T. crassicauda na colônia foi de 48% (43% em machos e 53% em fêmeas), sendo que o máximo valor observado foi 80%, em machos de 16 semanas de idade. O número médio de parasitas por rato não ultrapassou o limite de 2,5 em fêmeas de 16 semanas de idade. Não houve diferença na prevalência de cálculos urinários entre animais parasitados e não parasitados (10% e 16%, respectivamente), mas esta diferença foi significante entre machos e fêmeas (23% e 4%). Além disso, os cálculos encontrados nos machos (mucóides) foram diferentes daqueles encontrados nas fêmeas (cristais).

Fourteen thousand, one Hundred sixthy two slaughtered horses from nine Brazilian states at the FAVA S/A slaughter-house, Araguari, MG; between May, 14th/1987 to May, 10th/1988 and 31.49% had been Gasterophilus positive. During this period were observed positive animals from 7 different states: Mato Grosso do Sul (85.71%); São Paulo (75.95%); Paraná (65.61%); Goiás (44.02%); Mato Grosso (42.03%); Minas Gerais (14.03%); Pará (8.33%) and negative animals from 2 other states: Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro. Animals from 226 cities had been studied and 77.43% were gasterophilosis positive. The identified species was Gasterophilus nasalis.

Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) in-3 growing stages: a) 1,30 m tall and 17.54% dry matter; b) 2.35 m tall and 25.84% dry matter: and c) 3,25 m tall and 26.31% dry matter, was fed "ad libitum" to eight rumen fistulated steers all crossbred (5/8 european-zebu) weighting 220 kg, being fed 1,5 kg of a concentrate meal with 24.16% of crude protein. Treatments were compared in a completely randonmized design using the 4th week of each experimental period for rumen liquor sampling for differencial counts of the following protozoa: Entodinium, Diplodinium, Eudipiodinium and Polyplastron. Results showed Entodinium as 96.73% of total protozoa and its concentration per mililiter of rumen fluid decreased linearly as the plant matured (a = 18.2 x 104/ml; b = 12.1 x 104/ml; and c = 9.8 x 104/ml).

A case report of gastroesophageal intussusception in a three-month-old German Shepherd bitch, a rare condition in this species, is presented. The animal had clinical signs of regurgitation and severe dyspnea and the diagnosis was made through thoracic radiography After fluidotherapy a surgical treatment was indicated. The laparotomy was performed, the stomach reduced to its normal anatomic position, and a fundoplication was done. Although the animal showed improvement of clinical signs, it died by the 7th day after surgery. The authors discuss about the propable etiologies of this condition, the possibility of a surgical treatment and the relationship between gastroesophageal intussusception and other esophageal pathologies

O quemodectoma é uma neoplasia derivada dos corpos aórticos e carotídeos, tendo origem neuroectodérmica. Tem sido relatado com maior freqüência em humanos e cães. Destes, os animais braquicefálicos são os mais susceptíveis, notadamente em faixa etária superior a 6 anos. O presente relato se refere a um animal de espécie canina, de raça Boxer, macho, de 7 anos de idade, apresentando histórico de quadro convulsivo e tosse seca. O animal veio a óbito e foi encaminhado ao setor de Anatomia Patológica do Departamento de Patologia da FMVZ-USP. O exame macroscópico evidenciou a presença de hemopericárdio, congestão e edema pulmonares, congestão hepática, renal e edema de vesícula biliar. Porém, o achado macroscópico mais significativo foi a presença de 4 formações tumorais ovaladas na cavidade torácica. O exame histopatológico das formações evidenciou um tecido sólido, altamente celular, com a delimitação de lóbulos através de trabéculas conjuntivas espessas, que emitiam septos delicados subdividindo-os. As células tumorais apresentaram-se uniformes, tendo um formato poliédrico, com núcleo grande esférico, geralmente excêntrico; nucléolo evidente, e cromatina finamente granular; citoplasma de dimensões variáveis e granulação acidofílica delicada. Foi observado pequeno número de figuras mitóticas sem sinais de atipia. Os quadros macro e microscópicos são compatíveis com o diagnóstico de quemodectoma.

Em 52 éguas de diferentes raças e idades, praticou-se cirurgia corretiva de dilaceraçâo perineal de 3º grau, com modificações na técnica de GÖTZE, na tentativa de restabelecer a anatomia do sistema reprodutor, bem como a vida reprodutiva destas fêmeas. Das éguas que sofreram a cirurgia, a totalidade (100%) retornou à reprodução, alcançando-se o índice máximo de fertilidade após inseminação artificial ou cobertura. Os resultados obtidos pelo emprego da técnica proposta permite indicá-la como uma conduta correta e eficiente na recuperação anátomo-funcional do genital de éguas com dilaceraçâo de períneo de 3º grau.

Foram utilizados 10 cães adultos, de ambos os sexos, sem raça definida, com peso corpóreo entre 10 e 18 kg. Os animais foram pré-medicados com 1,0 mg/kg de levomepromazina e 15 minutos após receberam 2,0 mg/kg de midazolam, ambos por via intravenosa. A freqüência respiratória mostrou um aumento moderado e a freqüência cardíaca redução aos 15 minutos e elevação aos 30 minutos. Houve redução da pressão arterial média e da pressão sistólica com significado estatístico e não clínico. Houve tendência de redução da pressão arterial diastólica. A hipnose durou aproximadamente 20 minutos e aos 30 minutos os cães estavam acordados e em tentativa de deambulação.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a possibilidade de associação e aplicação do cloridrato de quetamina e cloridrato de clorpromazina, por via intramuscular em cães, foi idealizado o presente experimento. Foram utilizados 10 animais adultos, de ambos os sexos, sem raça definida, com peso médio de 17 kg. A cada cão foi administrado 1 mg/kg de peso corpóreo de clorpromazina associado, numa mesma seringa, a 15 mg/kg de quetamina e aplicado por via intramuscular profunda. Foram avaliadas as freqüências cárdio-respiratórias, temperatura retal, valores/hemogasométricos, glicemia e traçados eletrocardiográficos, sendo os valores numéricos tratados pelo teste de Tuckey a 5% de probabilidade. Constatou-se aumento significativo da freqüência cardíaca, além de constantes supra e infradesnivelamento do segmento ST quando da análise eletrocardiográfica, sendo os demais valores de pouca relevância estatística. Concluiu-se que a associação pode ser empregada em pacientes hígidos, mas pressupõem-se cuidados quando do uso em cães portadores de cardiopatias.

O tumor de Ehrlich cresce na forma sólida quando inoculado no coxim plantar de camundongos, disseminando-se para o linfonodo poplíteo. Este estudo foi realizado com o intuito de caracterizar as células tumorais que cresceram no coxim plantar e as que migraram para o linfonodo poplíteo. O volume nuclear dessas células foi medido com o auxílio de ocular cariométrica. A quantificação do DNA foi feita através de citofotometria em células coradas pelo método de Feulgen. As células tumorais encontradas nos linfonodos poplíteos uma hora após a inoculação no coxim plantar não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas do tumor ascítico original e das células tumorais do coxim plantar em relação à quantidade de DNA, no mesmo tempo experimental. As células tumorais dos linfonodos poplíteos aos 30 dias após a inoculação mostraram menor volume nuclear e a mesma quantidade de DNA do que as que cresceram no coxim plantar. As células tumorais presentes no coxim plantar 30 dias após a inoculação mostraram uma quantidade maior de DNA do que as colhidas uma hora após a inoculação. Estes resultados sugerem um possível efeito seletivo nas células do tumor de Ehrlich que crescem no coxim plantar, mas não quando de sua metastatização para o linfonodo regional.

For the diagnosis of superficial mycoses, the clinical aspects and cultivation of fungi for further identification are usually considered. Identification, however, is time consuming and at least 4 weeks are needed for a positive laboratory report. In Brazil, the use of Wood’s light is not a routine screen test, especially in Veterinary Medicine. Thus, the present paper has the aim to evaluate the availability, the sensitivity and the specificity of the Wood's light in detecting fungal diseases because not all dermatomycoses are readily detected by this method. The fluorescence results were compared to those of fungi cultures of hair specimens from animals suspected of dermatophytes or yeast infections. The culture media used were the Sabouraud and the Mycose I Agar. From February 1989 to April 1990 the Dermatology Service of the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital attended 282 animals presenting lesions very suggestive of fungal diseases. From these, 162 (57.4%) were dogs and the remaining 120 (42.5%) were cats, of both sexes and of various ages and breeds. After performing dermatologie examination, the lesions were submitted to the Wood's light (250 nm) and fluorescence was observed in 70 (24.5%) cases. After the inoculation and in vitro cultivation of clinical specimens from either fluorescent and non-fluorescent lesions, positive fungal growth was found in 109 cases, 103 of these identified as dermatophytes or pathogenic yeast. The clear fluorescence was found only in Microsporum canis infection. The results of fluorescence and fungal growth were in accordance in 64.5% of the cases. The efficiency of the Wood's light in dogs and cats, compared to the mycological examination was respectively: sensitivity - 39.1% and 73.8%; specificity - 89.2% and 80.7%; possibility of diagnosis - 82.0% and 78.0%; predictable value of positive test - 37.5% and 67.3%; and predictable value of negative test - 89.8% and 85.1%. Epidemiologic aspects of dermalophytoses and yeast infections and fungi species isolated in cultures are furthermore discussed.