Repositório RCAAP

Benthic samples were taken at 303 stations in the Ilha Grande region, down the isobath of 50 meters. In 12 of these Stations (20 samples) we found the brachiopod Bouchardia rosea (Mawe, 1823). The highest density observed for this species was 58 individuals/m². Its occurrence is related to sediments with less of 30% of granules smaller than 420 µ, without the fraction smaller than 44µ, to salinity higher than 35‰ and probably to the enrichement process due to nearness of islands and organic material carried from Sepetiba bay. Apparently, there are no relationship, between the lenght of the valve and the position of the station and with the depth. There are, apparently, a direct relationship with salinity and a inverse with temperature. There are a tendency of the median lenght of the valve, to decrease with the increase of the aggrefation of the species. There are, apparently, three generations of the individuals in the presently samples.

The Cananéia region in the south of São Paulo State, is a estuarine-lagunar complex, tn this region we realesed 60 benthic stations with a Foerst "Petersen grab" of 1/10 sq.m. We had studied the density and alcoholic weight of the benthic groups and species. The polychaets was the dominant group in number of species and of individuals. The commonest species was Loandalia americana, Laonice japonica, Clymene sp., Clymenella sp.. The highest density of polychaets was obtained in station 51, 10 meters deepthty, temperature of 18.60ºC, salinity of 25.90%0, water transparency (Secchy disc) of 2 meters, bottom of muddy, sand and pebles. In this station we found 72 individuals/sq. m. and a alcoholic weight of 5.9100 grm. The lamelibrancs was not dominant in neither one station. Tellina alternata and Macoma sp. occurred only in Trapandé bay and Cubatão sea. Littoridina australis var. nana occurs in high density in the north region of Cananéia island. In this region it is the dominant benthic species. Kalliapseudes schubartii occurs only in the Cubatão sea. Renilla reniformis and Virgularia sp. occurs specially in the Trapandé bay. It was possible to recognize five faunistics zones in the soft bottoms of the complex. Zone of Renilla reniformis and Virgularla sp.. The sediment of this zone have a low organic fraction and the zone is on direct influence of the ocean waters. Zone of Macoma sp. and Tellina alternata in the Cananéia sea. Zone of the tanaidaceous Kalliapseudes schubartii and Phoronis sp. principally in the Cubatão sea. In this sea there are the highest organic fraction of the sediment. Zone of Littoridina australis var. nana in the northern region of the Cananéia island. In this zone, we found a low transparency of the water, salinity of 4.91 to 12.36‰ and a high organic fraction in the sediment. Zone of hard bottoms with hydroids and ophiuroids. The Trapande bay, presents the richest muddy infralittoral benthic fauna of the complex. In this bay is found the highest oxygen content and water highest salinity of the complex. Near of the mouth of the rivers and of the "marigots" and in many places of the complex, we found a floculated softy sediment in the bottom. In these places we d'ont found animals or they are very much rare (stations 11, 14, 17, 20, 48, 54 and 56). In two stations near of the Cananéia bar, in result of strong currents we d'ont found animals (St. 2, 5). Inside of the estuarine-lagunar complex of Cananéia (SP) characterized by the presence of muddy and sand-muddy bottoms with a very much poor epifauna we found in the Casqueiro island a infralittoral stone bottom, with a rich epifauna, specially of the hydroids Eudendrium carneum Clarke, the Ophiothrix angulata Say, amphipods, etc. This occurs because this area is situated in a region of function of the waters of the Trapandé bay and that of the Arárapira river, what permits the existence of a stone bottom not covered by the muddy. This situation permits the occurrence of that epifauna.

This is the second report dealing with the oenthic Polychaeta collected on the continental shelf of the north-eastern Brazil (approximately between 9.º and 11.º of latitude south), by the Laboratorio de Ciencias do Mar (formerly Institute Oceanográfico) of the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. In the first one we discussed only the scale-bearing species tNonato & Luna. 1969). Data concerning the area sampled by the Laboratorio de Ciencias do Mar can be found in the papers of Cavalcanti et al. and Mauksoonk & Tinoco, 1967. The present paper is about the scale-free species, in number of 71. Almost all the smaller species we can expect to find in similar areas, seem to be absent here. This may be due to their actual rarity or, most probably, to their destruction during sampling and sorting. The hard bottom prevailing in the area, which has a very rough surface, shaped by blocks and pebbles of calcareous algae and corals make the biological sampling a hard enterprise. It is particularly difficult to preserve the integrity of soft-bodied animals, such as the polychaetes, against the grinding action of the material inside the sampling devices. We must remember this exceptional condition when judging the apparent scarceness of the polychaetes. If the worm fauna of that region seems, at the first approach, very poor, in reality it may be not. In consequence we hope the use of improved methods of sampling will give far better results. The night fishing, with a submerged light, for example, may be a choice method to attract many species from the ground or from the otherwise unaccessible hide-outs. From the 71 species, only one has been considered as new for the science. Scoloplos agrestis sp. nov, approaches S. robustus Rullier and S. madiiguscarensis Fauvel, but differ from them by the number cf the thoracic sctigers (only 15) and by the number of accicular setae of the thoracic neuropodia (only 5 or 6). The Eunicea is the best represented group, with 26 species; the commonest being Eunice longicirrttia Webster (108 specimens, in 19 stations). Diopatra spiribmnchis Augener and also Hypsieomus elegans Webster are considered as good species. Only two flabelligerids were caught in the whole area; one of them is a well preserved specimen of Pherusa scutigera (Fhlersi and the other a damaged specimen of Piromis sp. The greatest part of the present species is believed to be similar to I hose-found in the Caribbean area, as we should expect. But a few show a great similarity with Pacific and Indian species. Some of them, as Glycera longipinnis Grube, Onuphis litorttlis Monro and Vermiliopsis acanthophora Augener, agree closely with the available descriptions.

Studies were made on the seasonal variation and qualitative composition of the Appendicularia population from a limited area of the South Atlantic 25º09.5'S to 24º04.0'S latitude and 47º48.4'W to 46º00.4'W longitude at the São Paulo State coast off Cananéia and off Santos. The pattern of the seasonal variation was irregular for the most important species (O. longicauda). Some qualitative differences regarding the species composition are discussed.

Some echinoderms from the South Brazilian region are described. Seven are new to the science: Cucumaria manoelina sp.n., Thyone montoucheti sp.n., Psolus marcusi sp.n., Psolus vitoriae sp.n., Ophioderma divae sp.n., Amphioplus lucyae sp.n. and Chaetaster vanzolinicus sp.n. Some observations are presented on the distribution of Antedondubeni Böhlsche, 1886, Cucumaria pulcherrima (Ayres, 1854), Thyone belli Ludwig, 1887 and of Ophiothrix rathbuni Ludwig, 1882 in Brazilian marine shelf region.

The echinoderm fauna of the estuarine lagunar complex of Cananeia (São Paulo) is described. Some observations on the density and distri bution of the eight species found in the region are presented. Three species are found in great density, i.e., Mellita quinquiesperforata (echinoidea), Ophiactys savignyi and Ophiothrix angulata (ophiuroi dea). The species found in most stations was Micropholis subtilis. Asteroids, holothurioids and crinoids are not recorded in the present samples.

The occurrence and distribution of Tripalea clavaria (Studer, 1878) is discussed, in relation to Brazilian and Falklands currents convergence and water mass in the South-western Atlantic.

O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo da fase inicial do ciclo de vida da sardinha (Projeto SOL) e verifica o seu potencial re produtivo ("spawning power") na costa sul do Brasil. Cinco viagens à região da Ilha Gran de foram realizadas com o N/Oc. " Prof. W. Besnard" e barco "Emilia". Os resultados estão resumidos, a seguir: 1. Os ovos sao esféricos e o espaço pe rivitelino é amplo. O diâmetro medio dos ovos e de 1,18 mm, cuja distribuição é de 1,00 - 1,32 mm. O espaço perivitelino mede, em média, 0,143 mm, com distribuição entre 0,061-0,254 mm. Geralmente o glóbulo de oleo é único, porém, às vezes apresenta-se segmentado em dois ou três. O seu diâmetro médio é de 0,140 mm, com distribuição entre 0,091 0,182 mm. 2. Podemos supor que a hora de desova da sardinha, nesta região, é pouco antes da meia-noite. Os ovos coletados numa mesma área e num mesmo dia, provenientes de um mesmo grupo de "desovantes", foram classificados em grupos de sardinhas que desovaram na área durante uma viagem de pesquisa. O tamanho dos cardumes de sardinha "desovante" não é grande como os da sardinha da Califórnia. 3. A área de desova, sôbre a plataforma continental, estende-se desde a Ilha de São Sebastião até a Ilha Grande (não ultra passando a linha de profundidade de 100 m). Desova intensiva ocorre a sudoeste da Ilha de São Sebastião até o sul da Ponta de Juatinga. 4. A desova ocorre de setembro a março, sendo mais intensa durante o verão. 5. O numero total estimado de ovos resultante da desova de dois cardumes foi de 8,24 x 10(9) para um e de 9.78 x 10(9) para outro, para a viagem de janeiro de 1970. 6. A desova ocorre em água da plataforma, de temperature entre 18-24ºC e salinidade 35,1 - 35,9‰. A desova está em relação íntima com água fria de fundo, que ressurge até perto da superfície.

This paper describes the salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen and inorganic phosphate distributions for the Brazil northern coast, with special reference to the marine environment off the Amazon and Pará rivers. The change in direction of the coast with the consequent change in the axis of the Guiana Current together with the large amount of suspended matter contributed by river waters, create peculiar conditions on the continental shelf. These conditions are also influenced by the wind and rain system. Out from the continental shelf Tropical Atlantic oceanic conditions are prevalent. In contrast to the very low fertility of the Guiana Current the coastal waters, directly influenced by the rivers, show a supersatu ration of dissolved oxygen. The nutrients absorbed by suspended matter are partly liberated when the rivers mix with the oceanic water. However, the low light penetration restricts the oxygen production to only few meters.

Faz-se um primeiro levantamento das espécies do gênero Serolis (Isopoda, Flabellifera) ocorrendo na plataforma continental - centro-sul do Brasil, a partir da Lat. 22º00'S. Cinco espécies são registradas. As espécies S. polaris Richardson, 1911 e S. laevis Richardson, 1911, são redescritas, e representam ocorrências novas para o Brasil. As espécies S. uaperta sp . n., S. veaperta sp. n. e S. completa sp.n., são novas para a ciência. A fêmea de S. laevis é descrita pela primeira vez. Confirma-se, também, a validez das espécies S. convexa Cunningham, 1871 e S. laevis como espécies distintas. Fornece-se diagnoses para a família, gênero e para cada espécie estudada, assim como uma chave de identificação elaborada à base de espécimens adultos. À descrição de cada espécie seguem-se observações ecológicas.

This paper proposes a new way of tidal spectral analysis based on the Cooley-Tukey algorithm, known as the Fast Fourier Transform. The Fast Fourier Transform analysis is used to compute both the harmonic constants of the tide and the power spectrum.The latter is obtained by means of a weighted sum. A new way is also derived to obtain the formula giving the number of the degrees of freedom,on which is based the confi dence interval corresponding to the noise spectrum.

This paper deals with some aspects of faunistic diversification and refers to part of the distribution area of a sciaenid fish Micropogon furnieri (Desmarest, 1822) Jordan & Evermann 1884, widely distributed. Such species is characteristic of the tropical area and occurs along the Brazilian coast with highest abundance south of Cabo Frio. The analysis of variations of six meristic characters and eight body proportions and of some reproduction and growth features has shown that along the coast between latitudes 23ºS and 33ºS diversifi cation occurs within the species; such diversification implies in the existence of two populations, one occupying the area between 23ºS and 29ºS (area I) and the other between 29ºS and 33ºS (area II). The eco logical differences between the two mentioned areas according to our point of view is the reason for the species diversification in the whole area under observation. The differences recorded as the characteristics studied were suf ficient enough to illustrate the existence of two populations reproductively isolated suggesting that some gene exchange, if any, between both populations occurs in a very low rate. Our results show that abundance estimates of M. furnieri in this area must be made for each population as a whole until further studies on genetic characters are developed which may confirm the existence of gene exchange and if so, the gene flow rate. As the present study does not cover the total area of occurrence of Micropogon furnieri no hypothesis is extended to the general pattern of diversification (eventual presence of sub-species) and no systematic "status" and names are given to the populations identified.

Noventa e um espécimes jovens e 3 fêmeas adultas de "cação cabeça chata" capturados na região lagunar de Cananeia foram examinados, constatando-se a fórmula dental 27/25 e número de vértebras pré-caudais entre 109 e 115.Verificouse que as proporções entre a la. nadadeira dorsal e a 2a. foram de 2.3 e 2.8 para os jovens e de 2.9 até 3.1 para os adultos.Ficou assim confirmado que a forma es tudada pertence a C. leuaas. É comum a ocorrência de jovens dentro da região estudada~ no entanto,quanto aos adultos,as fêmeas só são encontradas durante o período de parição, i.é, de novembro a fevereiro. Constatou-se que o número de embriões nas ninhadas foi de 7 a 9 e seus tamanhos oscilaram ent re 768-812 mm. O comprimento do menor jovem livre encontrado foi de 697 mm, sendo que jovens de presumivelmente 9 a 12 meses têm de 98 a 112 cm; entre 21 e 24 meses alcançam 124 a 128 cm, ou seja, os tamanhos que apresentam quando emigram para mar aberto. Não ficou confirmado o fenômeno da inibição alimentar nas fêmeas capturadas, já observado em genetrizes da mesma espécie durante o período de parição no delta do Mississippi. O conteúdo estomacal apresentou, por ordem decrescente de abundância: Arius spixii (13); Chloroscombrus chrysurus (7); A. grandicassus (6); A. barbus (4); Felichtys marinus (3); Genidens genide ns (2); Chanophorus tajacica (2); Carcharhinus porosus (2); Conodon nobilis, Caranx crysos, scomberomorus maculatus, Sphyrna tiburo, Rhinoptera brasiliensis, Dasyatis americana, Diapterus rhombeus (1), além de cerca de 25/30 exemplares de Callinectes sp.

A technique is described for the rapid Fourier transform of large series of numbers. The technique takes advantage of the fact that most digital series are highly factorizable by the number 2, which permits the use of the F.F.T. algorithm. Using two magnetic tape units, or alternatively magnetic disk facilities, very large series can be transformed efficiently with only modest computer facilities. For the transformation of odd-valued series the Thomas Prime-Factor and Gentleman and Sande algorithms are treated in detail.

Pela leitura das descrições originais dos gêneros de Scissurellidae , conclue-se que os nomes válidos destes gêneros são: Scissurella d'Orbigny, 1823 (redescrição por Sowerby, 1824), Anatoma Woodward, 1859, Incisura Hedley,1904, Scissurona Iredale, 1924 e Sinezona Finlay, 1927. Scissurella e Anatoma são cosmopolitas; o primeiro encontra-se geralmente em águas rasas e associado a algas; o segundo habita águas profundas. Os três últimos gêneros são restritos à Australásia. Três novas espécies são descritas para a costa do Brasil: Scissurella alexandrei, Scissurella electilis e Scissurella morretesi. Da primeira foi estudada a anatomia interna. Estas três espécies novas foram encontradas em águas rasas; S. alexandrei e S.electilis provém de amostras de algas do mesolitoral inferior. Conhece-se uma quarta espécie de Scissurellidae para o Brasil: Anatoma aedonia (Watson, 1886), dragada em 1873 pelo 'Challenger', ao largo da costa de Pernambuco, em profundidade de 640 m.

The echinozoan species collected by the Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base of Pascagoula, Mississipi, U.S.A., between the Southwest region of U.S.A. and the Amapa (Brasil) are listed. The geo graphical distribution of twenty two species is extended. A new species, Thyone pawsoni sp. n., is described.

This paper reports species of Eurydice (Isopoda, Flabellifera) occurring on the continental shelf of southern Brazil, from lat. 22º00'S. Three species are recorded. E. littoralis (Moore, 1902), is a new occurrence from Brazil. Detailed illustrations and new morphologi cal data are furnished for this species hitherto inadequately described. E. elongata sp. n. and E. emarginata sp. n., are new to science. The flagellar process on the antenna 2, reported in three species of Eurydice, seems to be an exclusively male characteristic, and probably it will also occur in the males of most of the already described species. Genus and species diagnosis are provided, together with a classification key for all species recorded up to date from southern Brazil. All available distributional and ecological infor mation completes the account of each species.

1. São estudados, neste trabalho, os equiurídeos das baías de Sepetiba e da Ilha Grande, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 2. Os exemplares analisados pertencem a dois gêneros da família Echiuridae Blainville, Lissomyema Fisher e Thalassema Lamarck. 3. É dada a distribuição zoogeográfica dos gêneros conhecidos da família Echiuridae. 4. São apresentadas observações ecológicas e considerações sistemáticas sobre as espécies estudadas. 5. Lissomyema exilii (F. Müller) ocorre tanto no interior de valvas de lamelibrânquios (Ditadi, 1969), como dentro de carapaças de clipeasteróides dos gêneros Mellita e Encope. 6. Na região da Ilha Grande, Thalassema liliae sp. nov. ocorreu preferencialmente em salinidades entre 34,0 e 36,0‰; em águas de fundo com temperaturas entre 22,0 e 28,0ºC e sedimento com média granulométrica entre 2000 e 500 µ; enquanto que Lissomyema exilii (F. Müller), foi coletada em águas com temperaturas entre 22,0 e 24,0ºC, coincidindo com a espécie anterior quanto aos demais parâmetros ambientais.

The prevention of the development of marine fouling during the construction of bridges using the "Prepakt" process is discussed.

Egg development of scaled sardine (Harengula pensacolae) was observed. The fertilized eggs were laid by mature adults in March 1, 1971. Some characteristics of fertilized eggs and plankton eggs are described. Plankton eggs collected during the summer season of 1969-70 suggest that the spawning area of this species is located in the region of Una Grande, Rio de Janeiro.