Repositório RCAAP

We describe a new species, a medium size terrestrial frog (LRC 21.7-24.9 mm in females, and 15.2-17.8 mm in males); belong to the Pristimantis genus, from the sandstone plateau of the Cordillera del Condor at southeastern Ecuador, at 2300 m high. The new species differs from its congeners in Ecuador for its distinctive coloration pattern, ochraceous brown dorsal surface with numerous yellow spots, tympanic membrane, short fingers of the front and rear legs, and exclusive microhabitats in terrestrial bromeliads. They release modulated frequency and long calls, compoused of 6-8 notes and 1 harmonic. The description of Pristimantis paquishae sp. nov., is the result of a summary herpetofauna information in one of the remote and less known sandstone plateaus in the Cordillera del Condor.

Se presenta información sobre la variación morfológica de la rana Phyllomedusa ecuatoriana, con la descripción del renacuajo, vocalizaciones, anotaciones sobre la historia natural y distribución, basada en material recientemente recolectado en la Cordillera del Cóndor, Provincia de Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador. Phyllomedusa ecuatoriana es de tamaño mediano (LRC en machos desde 46.1 hasta 55.4 y en la hembra 72.2 mm). El renacuajo (estadio 26 Gosner) presenta la fórmula dentaria 2 (2)/3(1), la fila de dientes P3 es menor que P1 y P2; los renacuajos se desarrollan en pozas de diferente tamaño, con aguas oscuras similares a un "te" debido a la presencia de taninos. Las vocalizaciones son de frecuencia modulada, con frecuencia dominante promedio de 1.53 kHz; las llamadas se componen de una nota y de 2-3 pulsos. La dieta de las ranas adultas se basa principalmente en arañas (20%) de la familia Argiopidae.

A estrutura de comunidades de morcegos no Brasil ainda é pouco estudada e vêm sofrendo sérias modificações devido à perda de habitats. O principal objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a comunidade de morcegos da Estação Experimental de Itirapina, município de Itirapina, Estado de São Paulo. Nesta Estação, além das espécies cultivadas de Eucalyptus e Pinus, há diversas plantas que podem fornecer alimento aos morcegos. Entre julho de 2001 e julho de 2006, foram realizadas 58 sessões noturnas de captura de morcegos com 4 a 12 redes-de-neblina dispostas a cada sessão. Nesse período, foram capturados 720 indivíduos de 16 espécies de morcegos dos quais 13 pertencem à família Phyllostomidae, duas à Vespertilionidae e uma à Molossidae. A curva cumulativa de espécies atingiu o equilíbrio, no qual apenas espécies raras são acrescentadas. Cinco espécies (Artibeus lituratus, Platyrrhinus lineatus, Carollia perspicillata, Glossophaga soricina e Sturnira lilium) representaram 80% dos morcegos capturados na Estação Experimental, onde se alimentavam de frutos de plantas pioneiras, tais como Cecropia pachystachya, Solanum spp. e Piper spp. A prevalência do vírus rábico foi zero na amostragem das 10 espécies analisadas. Apesar de estar muito modificada, a Estação Experimental de Itirapina pode ser uma importante área de abrigo e alimento para os morcegos e tem potencial de atuar como corredor entre áreas de Cerrado e Mata Atlântica.

Con el objetivo de contribuir al conocimiento taxonómico y de distribución de los géneros del orden Ephemeroptera en Caldas, se estudiaron especímenes colectados entre mayo de 2008 y mayo de 2012 en 12 municipios del departamento de Caldas - Colombia, abarcando un rango altitudinal de 159 a 3433 m y un total de 55 fuentes hídricas. Se encontraron seis familias y 26 géneros de Ephemeroptera, de los cuáles Cabecar constituye un nuevo registro para Colombia, y también se realiza el primer registro de las ninfas de Tikuna y Ulmeritoides para el país. Americabaetis, Apobaetis, Callibaetis, Cloeodes, Guajirolus, Paracloeodes, Cabecar, Traveryphes, Tricorythodes, Terpides, Tikuna, Ulmeritoides, Caenis y Campsurus son nuevos registros para Caldas. Se encontraron diferencias en la composición de la fauna de Ephemeroptera en las diversas zonas altitudinales, siendo las zonas de altitud inferior a 1000 m las de mayor riqueza de géneros.

Currently four species of Holochilus (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) are recognized. According to the literature, three species are recorded for Brazil: H. sciureus, H. brasiliensis and H. chacarius. Samples from western Brazil (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul states) are usually reported as H. sciureus and, when referring to specimens from the Pantanal, as H. chacarius. However, the taxonomic status of specimens from this region has not been properly evaluated through detailed morphological analyses or voucher specimens. About 110 specimens of Holochilus deposited in Brazilian collections were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed (univariate and multivariate tests). Our results suggested the existence of three species (H. sciureus, H. brasiliensis and H. chacarius) in Brazil, which present significant morphological and morphometric differences, thus confirming that the Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul samples, formerly misidentified as H. sciureus, belong to H. chacarius. This species differs from H. sciureus and H. brasiliensis by a series of pelage and skull characters, such as: the coloration of pelage, light orange-brown in the dorsum, light orangish in the flanks and white in the venter; ridges of the masseteric crest confluent at the level (or slightly above) of the mental foramen and at the anterior part of m1, alternated main molar cusps, lophids compressed and with acute outer margins (rarely prismatic), anteromedian fossetid labially displaced and subcircular (small to medium), metaflexid less developed (frequently not reaching the midline of the tooth), proto and hipoconid subrectangular in outline and transversely orientated, mesoflexid transversely orientated and mesoloph absent. The updated geographic distribution of Holochilus in Brazil shows that H. sciureus is present in the northern portion of the country, being the only species present at the Amazon and at the Caatinga and with limit in the Cerrado biome at the center of Goiás state. Holochilus brasiliensis is restricted to eastern Brazil, with its northern record at the Atlantic Forest of south Bahia. Holochilus chacarius occurs in the Pantanal areas of the Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul states. A new record extends the distribution of H. chacarius to the Cerrado biome at eastern Mato Grosso, confirming its presence in this biome.

O Rato-do-Mato Wilfredomys oenax é um raro roedor Sigmodontinae conhecido a partir de escassos registros do norte do Uruguai e sul e sudeste do Brasil. Esta espécie é conhecida de poucos espécimes em coleções científicas e está atualmente classificada como ameaçada, sendo considerada extinta em Curitiba, Paraná, o único local confirmado da espécie para o sudeste do Brasil. No entanto, embora espécimes de São Paulo já tenham sido reportados, a presença desta espécie neste estado parece ter passada despercebida na literatura. Através de análise morfológica detalhada de espécimes citados na literatura, o presente trabalho confirma e discute a presença desta espécie para o estado de São Paulo a partir de espécimes coletados há mais de 70 anos atrás. Recentemente, outros raros roedores Sigmodontinae, como Abrawayaomys ruschii, Phaenomys ferrugineous e Rhagomys rufescens, tem sido registrados em localidades de São Paulo através da utilização de métodos modernos de amostragem. Entretanto, nenhum espécime de Wilfredomys oenax foi relatado até o momento, indicando que esta espécie pode estar localmente extinta. Este registro adiciona mais uma espécie para a diversidade de mamíferos do estado de São Paulo e reforça a urgência no estudo de Wilfredomys oenax.

Eucalypt planted forests are replacing natural forests in many areas of the world, impacting wildlife by diminishing availability of habitats and resources. Several species of birds require hollows in trees for nesting, and the lack of this resource may decrease richness and density of cavity-nesting birds in planted forests. The aim of this study was to compare species richness and density of cavity-nesting birds in abandoned eucalypt planted forests and natural forests in two conservation units at Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil. Bird surveys were conducted using 25 point counts in both areas during 2013. Species richness was estimated using Jackknife, and density was estimated using the maximum likelyhood; candidate models that could influence abundance of birds were evaluated using Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Results showed that species richness was higher in native forests and density was significantly higher in native forests than in abandoned eucalypt planted forests, and that vegetation type and hour of day influences the abundance and detection of the birds. These results indicate that abandoned eucalypt planted forests negatively influence the cavity-nesting bird's community, probably due to the lack of cavities or the lack of a recovered understory. Eucalypt planted forests normally do not substitute native forests and their use should be controlled in conservation areas.

Se describe un nuevo género y dos nuevas especies de xustrostomátidos (Nematoda: Xustrostomatidae) parásitos de diplópodos antillanos. Trachyglossoides jimenoi gen. nov. sp. nov., es muy similar a Trachyglossus Hunt, 2002, pero difiere del mismo por ser el único xustrostomátido con sistema reproductor femenino monodelfo. Este constituye el segundo registro de la familia para Cuba. Zalophora dominicana sp. nov., de República Dominicana es muy similar a Z. repentina García et Morffe, 2010. Se caracteriza por presentar las crestas cefálicas reducidas y el extremo cefálico poco globoso. Este es el primer registro de la familia y el género para el país.

The axial skeleton is a complex structure of cuticular origin, formed by sclerotic plates of thoracic sternite and pleurites as well as its internal invaginations. The ventral characters of the axial skeleton, reflected externally in the suture lines of the thoracic sternum, are an important classification criteria for the current suprageneric system of Trichodactylidae: (Trichodactylinae & Dilocarcininae (Dilocarcinini + Valdiviini)). In order to test this hypothesis, the internal and external characters of the axial skeleton of 42 adult crabs belonging to 17 species and 10 genera were examined. For the material preparation the crabs were dissected and their skeletons submerged in a hot solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) for a period of 24 to 48 hours. Variations in the shape, orientation and conformation of the thoracic sternum, pleural roof, ventral and dorsal phragmas and junction plate were described from anatomical preparations. Based on these characteristics, the species were separated into three groups, which are consistent with the proposed classification of Trichodactylidae into subfamilies and tribes. This study highlights the importance of the morphological characteristics of the axial skeleton for Trichodactylidae taxonomy.

Two new species of infaunal decapod crustaceans are described based on material collected in Bahía Málaga, Pacific coast of Colombia, in 2009. The mud-shrimp Axianassa darrylfelderi sp. nov. (Axianassidae) appears to be most closely related to A. australis Rodrigues & Shimizu, 1992, A. canalis Kensley & Heard, 1990, and A. jamaicensis Kensley & Heard, 1990. The new species may be distinguished from each of them by a combination of morphological features, mainly on the uropodal exopod, antennal acicle, third maxilliped and first pleonite. The shrimp Leptalpheus canterakintzi sp. nov. (Alpheidae), associated with burrows of A. darrylfelderi sp. nov., undoubtedly represents the eastern Pacific sister species of the western Atlantic L. axianassae Dworschak & Coelho, 1999, which lives exclusively in burrows of A. australis. The two species are reliably distinguishable only by the proportions of the merus and propodus of the third pereiopod. Leptalpheus azuero Anker, 2011, previously known only from the Pacific coast of Panama, is reported for the first time from Bahía Málaga, Colombia.

The genus Trigonometopus Macquart (1835) currently includes 13 species, found in most biogeographic regions, being absent from the Afrotropical and Australian Regions. The genus included six known Neotropical species and four new species are herein added to the genus: T. assisensis sp. nov., T. boraceiensis sp. nov., T. lourdesae sp. nov., and T. mariae sp. nov., the first two from the State of São Paulo, the other two respectively from the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Santa Catarina. A key for the exclusively Neotropical species of the genus is provided.

To find environmental factors that favors richness and abundance of species and groups of reptiles, his preference for microhabitats, species diet and differences between habitats in parameters such as size of individuals, level of detection and proportion of predation, we made four field trip in surrounding areas of the Zapatosa's wetland complex, between November of 2006 and October of 2007, embracing both the rainy and the dry season Habitats with significant differences between environmental and structural variables were riparian forest, palm-grove, tree-lined savanna and chasmophyte forest; riparian forest and dry forest were not different. The slope of the land and degree of human intervention were variables more related to species abundance. By increasing the slope and human intervention, the richness and abundance of reptiles in general and snakes and lizards decreased; with the increase of environmental temperature average, abundance of reptiles decreased. With increasing herbaceous cover and decreased tree diameter, the richness of snakes and lizards decreased. The body size of the reptiles was not different between habitats, although small sizes predominated in all. Snakes had lower detection values those lizards. Riparian forest had the highest detection values. A fifth of all lizards showed some sign of predation and was higher in the palm-grove. Terrestrial reptiles were the richest and most abundant in the study. Lizards had the highest amplitude in the habitat use and microhabitat, while snakes Helicops danieli and Leptodeira septentrionalis and lizards Anolis gaigei, Gonatodes albogularis y Cnemidophorus lemniscatus in the food use. Lizards exhibit greater overlap in the use of resources.

El género Busbiscus fue descrito por Savini et al. 2009 en base a la especie B. voseri de Costa Rica. Se describen dos especies nuevas, Bubiscus carinatus y Bubiscus napo provenientes de Ecuador y se incluye una clave de identificación para las tres especies descritas del género.

The present catalogue lists ant types of 12 traditional Myrmicinae ant tribes (Adelomyrmecini, Basicerotini, Blepharidattini, Crematogastrini, Formicoxenini, Lenomyrmecini, Myrmicini, Phalacromyrmecini, Pheidolini, Stegomyrmecini, Stenammini and Tetramoriini) housed in the Formicidae Collection of the Hymenoptera Laboratory, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP), Brazil, completing the publication of Myrmicinae types deposited in this institution. We adopted the traditional classification for Myrmicinae tribes to follow the already published catalogues regarding the Attini, Cephalotini, Dacetini and Solenopsidini and published catalogues in this series. In total, the present catalogue includes types of 213 nominal species, of which 169 are still valid. Twelve species listed here are represented by holotypes only, 28 by holotypes and paratypes, 102 species by paratypes only, 65 species by syntypes, and five species by lectotypes and paralectotypes. We record the label information, morphological condition of the specimens, nomenclatural changes, and type status, following the recommendations of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN).

Cicadellinae leafhoppers are important vectors of crop plants pathogens. In Brazil, one of these vectors is the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, which infects citrus, coffee and plum. There is little information available on occurrence, distribution and biology of cicadellines in coffee. A list of 141 specimens, collected in alternate months, between June 2009 and April 2010, on a coffee plantation located in Santa Teresa Municipality, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, is presented. These specimens represent 16 genera and 21 species belonging to the two Cicadellinae tribes, Cicadellini and Proconiini. The genus Graphocephala is, for the first time, recorded from Brazil.

Despite repeated references to the species in Paraguay, the status of the Dusky-legged Guan Penelope obscura in the country has been the subject of much debate. In an attempt to clarify the available data, a thorough review of literature records is provided and details of new and previously unpublished records that confirm that the nominate subspecies is present in Paraguay are given. With the species limits in the obscura complex poorly defined, we provide a brief discussion of the potential importance of Paraguayan populations for the conservation of the species.

Rodents and Marsupials are an important component of the fauna in the Neotropical region. Studies about richness and abundance of these animals in the Araucaria Forests are scarce, and here we present an inventory at Piraí do Sul National Forest. This area has approximately 150 ha, surrounded by pastures and Pinus plantations. Pitfall, Shermann and Tomahawk traps were disposed at the main vegetation types found in this National Forest. At least a pair of each species were collected. As a result, during 5.892 traps.night we had a total of 1.049 captures, representing 17 species: Akodon montensis, Bibimys labiosus, Brucepattersonius iheringi, Cryptonanus sp., Didelphis albiventris, D. aurita, Gracilinanus microtarsus, Juliomys ossitenuis, Monodelphis americana, M. scalops, Myocastor coypus, Nectomys squamipes, Oligoryzomys nigripes, Oxymycterus judex, O. nasutus, Sooretamys angouya and Thaptomys nigrita. Pitfall represented 67% of the total, and eight species were recorded only by this method. Akodon montensis, O. nigripes and T. nigrita were the most abundant species.

Myrsidea serini (Séguy, 1944) é registrada de três passarinhos distintos como hospedeiros na Argentina e Chile: Carduelis barbata (Molina, 1782) (Fringillidae), Chrysomus thilius petersi (Laubmann, 1934) e Agelaioides badius badius (Vieillot, 1819) (Icteridae). Características somáticas e medidas corporais de exemplares disponíveis dessas populações de hospedeiros são comparados com os registrados a partir de hospedeiros do Velho Mundo, com apenas pequenas diferenças em algumas medidas no corpo (aqui interpretadas como relacionado a diferença entre o tamanho dos hospedeiros), mas similares com relação a sua quetotaxia. Esta espécie foi encontrada em sinoxenia com Myrsidea psittaci Carriker, 1955 parasitando C. t. petersi em pelo menos duas localidades na Província de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Estudos comparativos da superfície coriônica dos ovos, sítios preferenciais de oviposição, e prevalência foram realizados para ambas as espécies, além de algumas observações sobre uma espécie ainda problemática, Myrsidea argentina (Kellogg, 1906), originalmente registrada em Carduelis magellanica (Vieillot, 1805).

In this paper, we provide an updated diagnosis for Pseudopaludicola giarettai based on the morphometric and acoustic variation observed with the assessment of new populations, plus an expansion of its distribution range. Our results support that all acoustic variation observed might be attributed to intraspecific variation. The variation in body size and dorsal stripe patterns observed for Pseudopaludicola giarettai reinforces that the distinctive whistling advertisement call pattern is the most reliable evidence line to diagnose it from its congeners, whereas morphological (robust body, glandular dorsum) and morphometric (body size) features vary considerably within and among populations so that they should no longer be employed as diagnostic features of Pseudopaludicola giarettai.

The small passerine Cyclaris gujanensis can tear into small pieces large or heavy-bodied preys that could not be swallowed whole such as frogs, snakes, bats and birds. However there are few studies on the cranial anatomy of this species. Thus, we focused on the description of the cranial osteology to contribute to the anatomical knowledge of this species and to make some assumptions about functional anatomy. The fossa temporalis is shallow but broad and the fossa of os palatinum is deepened. The os quadratum processes are long and thick. The os pterygoideum is enlarged and the upper jaw is strongly inclined ventrally (140°) with reference to the skull. The rostral extremity of rhamphotheca is hooked with ventral concavity to fit the mandible (pincer form). The mandible fossae are deepened and broad and its bulky medial process probably provides mandible stability and strong support to the muscles attached on it. All these peculiar characteristics probably indicate a considerable force in the C. gujanensis jaws and partially explain its distinctive feeding habit compared with the other Vireonidae. Nevertheless, new studies with functional approaches to analysis the forces of the muscle fibers and the cranial kinesis are needed to prove the hypotheses mentioned above.