Repositório RCAAP

ABSTRACT Purpose: The article aims to trace the behaviour of dispersed, dominant and concentrated ownership structures in Brazil and verify which of these structures is more efficient operationally and if there is a pattern to be followed. Originality/gap/relevance/implications: Static optimisation techniques are used by data envelopment analysis (DEA) to calculate the variable ‘efficiency', a differential in relation to previous studies that consider only outcome variables as a performance indicator. The article is one of the first in the area that traces the pattern of efficiency of ownership structures in Brazil. Key methodological aspects: The sample consists of 8,298 company years in the period between 1995 to 2012. To calculate the efficiency (dependent variable), static optimisation techniques were used by data envelopment analysis (DEA). After, the unbalanced panel data by GMM-Sys (system generalised method of moments) is applied to identify the influence of dispersed, dominant and concentrated ownership structures on efficiency. Summary of key results: The results showed that, although all the variables are positively related to efficiency, the graphic presented an inverted "U" format, i.e. dispersed and concentrated structures, mostly, are less efficient than dominant. Key considerations/conclusions: The study identifies that both agency problems and the expropriation of minority shareholders by the majority, stemming from weak legal protection in the country, significantly affect the efficiency of Brazilian companies, thus making dominant structures the most appropriated form of ownership structure in Brazil.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study is to propose a model to estimate how uncertainty, flexibility, and operational performance are related. The assumption is that competition in the current business environment has been broadening consumers’ options. These options have brought uncertainty to companies regarding the adoption of operational strategies, particularly to adjustment of flexibility to their competitive priorities. Originality/value: The research designed a theoretical model that presents convergent, discriminant validity, and good reliability. Therefore, it is possible to estimate the perceived uncertainty, flexibility, and operational performance from a set of evaluated companies. Design/methodology/approach: Data was collected out of managers and analysts from the financial, energy, and manufacturing sectors. The uncertainty was estimated by taking into account the state, the effect, and the choice of responses from changes in business environment. In addition, it was considered the flexibility and the performance within the operational indicators. Findings: The results reveal moderate managers’ ability to predict the state of the environment and its effects on their organization’s activities. Also they show that uncertainty does not influence the operational performance when mediated by flexibility. Thus, in a moderate environmental stability, flexibility can be adopted to mitigate the effects of uncertainty on operational performance.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Identify the practices adopted by companies to monitor and prevent contemporary slavery and the elements that differentiate companies that adopt monitoring practices for prevention of slavery and those that do not. Originality/value: This question is investigated from the perspective of management, reputation and institutional environment literature, pointing out the reasons that lead companies to adopt or avoid contemporary slavery. Design/methodology/approach: We used secondary data from Melhores Empresas para Você Trabalhar [Best Companies to Work] 2014 on 305 companies, which filled a questionnaire about their management practices and policies to monitor the working conditions in the supply chain in relation to the use of slave labor. Findings: Results show that the practice adopted by most companies is related to sanctions on contracted suppliers who are caught using slave labor, and the element that differentiates groups of companies that adopt monitoring practices from those that do not is the fact of whether they are or not signatories of the National Pact to Eradicate Slave Labor [Pacto Nacional pela Erradicação do Trabalho Escravo].

ABSTRACT Purpose: This theoretical essay aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of distributive justice in situations of service recovery. More specifically, we seek to investigate distributive justice evaluations based on social comparisons. Originality/value: This article seeks to fill a gap in the existing knowledge to discuss the social comparison theory applied to the service recovery context. Design/methodology/approach: After a literature review, we present three research propositions about comparisons between consumers in terms of compensation received after complaining about a service and their effects on the evaluation of distributive justice, taking into account the perceived similarity between consumers and the time elapsed between the complaint handling and the comparison. Findings: Even though social comparisons are increasingly frequent, they have been neglected in the service marketing literature. It is possible for consumers to compare the compensation received after a complaint with the compensation given to another consumer and, perceiving upward differences, have negative reactions to the company.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this paper is to develop a scale to measure results in research groups (RG). Originality/value: The study is innovative in developing a scale for verifying results in Brazilian RG. Its main contribution is data collection from an evaluation made by leaders regarding results that RG’ produced as a whole (meso or organizational level), going further than individual indices of academic productivity. Design/methodology/approach: The scale was developed based on: 1) literature review of empirical papers published between 2005 and 2015 regarding results in RG; and 2) analysis of data (audio recordings, interview transcriptions, field reports) previously collected from RG members, regarding achieved results and re-evaluation of preliminary instruments developed by RG. In total, 387 RG leaders answered the survey after semantic and theoretical analysis by experts and a pre-test. Findings: Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors in the results (Distal Results of External Repercussion, Proximal Research Results and Tangible Research Results), with a total variance of 51.9% explained and reliability indices of α = 0.927, α = 0.872 and α = 0.624, respectively.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This paper aims to analyze the subjective aspects of women who work in the financial market, focusing on the meanings they attribute to their labour activities. Originality/value: Despite the significant academic production about gender, few studies investigate the meaning women attribute to their work activities or analyze the main building elements in the subjective connection between women and a masculine work environment. This study, therefore, extends the literature on gender issues and labor relations, in addition to analyzing the achievements and challenges inherent in the professional choices of women in the contemporary world. Design/methodology/approach: The research was conducted by means of in-depth interviews with 16 women, at different ages and several family structures, who work on asset managers, investment brokers and investment banks. Content analysis was applied to the textual data to interpret and make inferences, using a priori coding. Findings: Data analysis identified that, for these professionals, meaning attribution occurs through the mechanisms of self-esteem, self-efficacy, purpose and belongingness, which are viable due to the success they conquered in a very competitive work environment. Other factors, such as the high incomes earned by the interviewees, also have an important role in the meaning they attribute to their work.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed at analyzing Brazilian scientific production about informal learning at work context in journals of Administration. Originalityvalue: Especially in Brazil, research on informal learning is featured as shallow, scattered type. Therefore this is a latent topic in the field of organizational learning. The aim, thus, is providing contribution to the characterization of this subject, indicating gaps and research possibilities from national scientific production. Design/methodology/approach: a meta-study analyzing a set of 36 studies published in Business journals was developed for this purpose, with no initial time delimitation until 2016. Findings: Results obtained indicated a slow increase on publications about informal learning since 2010. It can be inferred that researches aiming specifically at informal learning still occupy a small backward space highlighted by the investigation of how learning processes take place, mostly by means of qualitative researches, in a clear attempt to comprehending such phenomenon.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to analyze determinants related with the delisting of Brazilian companies, through the analysis of the problems of agencies coming from structures of property/control and the internationalization of organizations. Originality/value: The present work seeks to fill the existing gap of more detailed studies related to the delisting of companies in the Brazilian capital market. In addition, it presents a contribution to the literature through the analysis of the relationship between Corporate Governance, Corporate Internationalization and Deslisting from the perspective of Agency Theory. Design/methodological/approach: Four econometric models based on existing literature were elaborated and then analysis of logit regressions with panel data. For data of all organizations listed in BM&FBOVESPA in the period between 2006 and 2015, period in which it was found that 205 businesses closed down their capital. Findings: As a result, it was observed that when considering the year before the delisting, organizations which have greater concentration of property had higher probability of closing their capital, which does not occur when analyzing the control structures. As to the entrance mode into international market, it was noted that there is a negative relationship between entrance mode non-patrimonial and volunteer delisting.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study questions whether there is a Kaldor’s fifth law and tests whether the size of the intermediate services sector contributes to the growth of the industrial sector. Originality/Value: The laws proposed by Kaldor consider that the industrial sector contributes to economic growth and affirm that the growth of this sector depends on the existing demand for industrial products. If this new law is corroborated we have the initial evidences that the growth of the service sector contributes to the growth of the industry. Design/methodological/approach: The existence of this new law is tested through the estimation of panel VAR models for eight developed countries in the period 1980-2009. Findings: The growth of the service sector causes Granger to increase industrial productivity, industrial density and economic complexity. The causality test shows that there is a bidirectional causal relationship between the growth of the service sector and the industrial density and between the growth of the service sector and the Economic Complexity Index.

ABSTRACT Purpose: 1. to investigate if a difference is found between university students of both countries. 2. to provide an analysis of the attitudes, intentions, and behavior of Brazilian and Canadian university students regarding the purchase of green products. Originality/value: The relevance includes a cross-cultural study between Brazil and Canada and its possible use as a tool for educators in the Business area seeking to develop curricula that will prepare students for future roles in management. The study may also stimulate other research on green product markets. Moreover, it should be useful to managers in developing corporate environmental management systems in large and small organizations, as well as to professionals seeking to develop marketing strategies based on the behavior of their consumers. Design/methodology/approach: Data analyses were conducted using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Findings: The study demonstrated the positive and direct relationship between intention and behavior. The literature notes incentives and stimuli to promote purchase behavior through features, such as quality, price, and availability. These are key factors in the relationship between intention and purchase behavior.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to propose a typology for sharing economy that allows the characterization and classification of its main forms of manifestation. Originality/value: the theme that involves collaborative consumption and sharing economy has wide definitions with no clear establishment of boundaries between them. Part of that definition gap may occur because of the recent emergency of literature on sharing economy. Additionally, the fact that sharing economy and collaborative consumption are the newest buzzwords, several businesses started calling themselves as such. Design/methodology/approach: from the review of the literature, 11 characteristics that describe the theme were identified. In the light of those characteristics, 72 collaborative consumption websites were analyzed, representatives of the 24 collaborative consumption categories proposed by Botsman and Rogers (2010). Findings: three archetypes were identified: 1. new business models represent the new players based on technological platforms, which are the core business of the company, and generate income by charging service fees; 2. redesigned businesses are traditional market models redesigned to present time and price advantages to the consumer; 3. sharing by ideal is the archetype that best represents sustainable consumption alternative models.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The study identifies value co-creation resulting from the influence of relationships, using the DART model, on an engagement platform in a specific network of companies in the Great ABC Region, which does not allow competition, that is, only one company by activity sector and contemplates different business segments with the objective of mutual benefit. Originality/value: A gap in theory regarding value co-creation based on the relationship in the cooperation network with different segments, in which clients are independent organizations. Design/methodology/approach: The research is a descriptive case study of a network named co-creative. The data were obtained from the centrality and density metrics, from the social networks analysis (SNA), besides the information obtained from the document analysis, the non-participant observation technique and interviews with the network components. Findings: There were 12 results of co-creation of values, of which five were completed: development of Biblical APP, personal marketing for digital media, opening of a company in search of financial resources, digital marketing with animation for corporate videos and Coaching speciali zed in self-esteem for men and women. These results of co-creations were analyzed based on the relationships of the engagement platform provided by the network. Another six co-creations are underway and one under study.

ABSTRACT Purpose: 1. to evaluate the effect of five human resource management practices (HRMP) oriented towards results, employees, rigid systems, permanent recruitment of new markets, and open systems on job satis faction of employees; 2. to analyze whether perceptions of organizational justice act as mediators in such relationships. Originality/value: clarifying the mechanisms through which HRMP influence desirable organizational outcomes, such as job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach: a quantitative and transversal study, framed within the guidelines of the associative-explanatory strategy, was carried out. A theoretical model was proposed and tested through structural equations, with confirmatory modeling strategy. The empirical verification was performed with a sample of 557 Argentine employees, who completed the scales of HRMP (25 items); Generic Work Satisfaction (7 items), and Organizational Justice (20 items). Findings: the HRMP that generate the greatest satisfaction among workers are those oriented to employees, and to open systems. Perceptions of justice partially mediate the relationships between HRMP and worker satisfaction.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aims to analyze a model of credit union, which allows meeting demands of microcredit of family farmers in a responsible way, identifying the real needs of clients and promoting financial access. Originality/value: In recent years, the microfinance community has witnessed unwanted consequences of microcredit misuse. We present an original approach about the way credit unions may achieve their target in a responsible way, offering appropriate products, services and training to the entire community involved. Design/methodology/approach: Through secondary data and interviews with decision makers and credit union members, we studied the case of Cresol Baser, a large credit union in Brazil. We analyzed data based on inductive theorizing. First and second-order themes were identified, resulting in a procedural model, representing relationships between responsible microfinance factors. Findings: The three main dimensions in the model of inclusive microfinance - conditions, proximity, and access - were integrated in order to promote a dynamic that respects the assumption of a responsible financial inclusion with regards to design, offer and access of products and services related to microfinance.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To identify the Internal Migration Theory application to the corporate governance subject in an autarchy. Originality/value: The originality of this paper lies in the geographically recognized Internal Migration Theory, which is also recognized within the anthropological-organizational context by an organizational culture in which moral harassment leads to constant movements of new servers in the probationary stage. Design/methodology/approach: The research uses a structured interview to collect empirical data. The review of the literature is restricted to Internal Migration Theory and corporate governance in the microcosm of its application by public institutions, regarding the treatment of moral harassment to servers in the probationary stage. Findings: The results suggest that the Internal Migration Theory can be included in corporate governance regarding the public servant request in the probationary stage movement. The creation of the probation evaluation committee for the incoming public servant has created transparency in bullying and server movement, contributing to corporate governance.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to articulate the categories of organizational learning, diversity of practice, and ceremonialism in the context of multinational companies. Originality/value: Learning perspective as a procedural phenomenon and intervention factors such as ceremonialism may potentiate or hinder the organizational learning process, contributing to new insights for both multinational organizations and organizational learning research. Design/methodology/approach: a theoretical essay that proposes an integration of the categories of organizational learning, diversity practices, and ceremonialism in the context of multinational companies. Findings: This work contributes to the construction of a research model with a proposal for studies of organizational learning, diversity practices, and ceremonialism in the context of multinational companies.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To identify whether public organizations that adopt the competency-based management model consider the collective component of competencies in their management practices. Originality/value: The academic literature highlights the potential of collective competencies to achieve organizational objectives, but there is a mismatch between the theoretical perspective and people management practices, which was confirmed throughout the study. Design/methodology/approach: The field research was carried out in three federal public organizations. Evidence was collected from documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with ten employees from the respective Personnel Management areas. Findings: There was an isolated presence of attributes and sources of creation of collective competencies, which proved to be insufficient to determine their presence in the organizations under analysis.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To understand how services can add value to the production and exports of NRIGs, in which South American countries have comparative advantages. Originality/value: South American countries play a key role in international markets of the so-called Natural Resource Intensive Goods (NRIGs), particularly, mining and food. It has been discussed that this specialization pattern has disadvantages in terms of economic development, and both policy makers and academia repeatedly sustain the need to search for new international insertion schemes. In this paper, we discuss that one such avenue could be based on these comparative advantages themselves, through Services and in a particular infrastructure. Design/methodology/approach: To measure the relevance of economic infrastructure services on the competitiveness of NRIGs, we develop a sectoral approach using domestic input-output tables for six Latin American countries. In particular, we measure Services value added incorporated in NRIGs, and we also analyse the impacts of productivity changes in infrastructure services on NRIGs producer prices. Findings: Results allow to identify which infrastructure services are more important to each NRIG in each country.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The growing importance of the services sector is not only a fact in developed countries but is also visible in the South American subcontinent, in terms of Gross Domestic Product share, employment and foreign trade. Taking a closer look at the role of services, the present article analyzes the main linkages in trade in services in the two largest South American economies, namely, Brazil and Argentina. Originality/Value: The recently available South American input-output table provided by United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UN ECLAC). It is a ten-region open model that is used to study two important aspects of trade in services for the two selected economies: first, testing whether the participation of services in total trade increases when the calculation is specified in terms of value added; and second, assessing the role of services in promoting the countries’ exports. Design/methodology/approach: The present research helps to better understand the position of the region as provider and demander of intra-regional services. However, the scarcity of statistics related to trade in services is a limitation that must be solved. The data was obtained from the South American input-output table. A single-regional input-output model was generated for Argentina and Brazil for 2005. Findings: The main findings of the article include that 1. in both economies, the participation of services in foreign trade is higher in terms of value added than under conventional gross trade data, and 2. Argentina is more integrated with the region than Brazil in terms of intra-regional imported services in its exports.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The literature on business models deals with creation and capture of the value obtained through innovation as elements necessary for the continuity of the companies. The concepts inherent in business models demonstrate the operation logics s for the creation of value. To verify how the value creation process occurs, a case study has been carried out based on the change in the business model of Bematech S.A, a Brazilian company from Information Technology (IT) service area. Originality/Value: The theory about business models and dynamic capabilities indicates some connections between these concepts, but this connection lacks practical observation, so the purpose of this article is to understand how innovation occurred in the business model and search, which routines were essential for the value creation in the company ​​Bematech. The phenomenon was observed from the perspective of dynamic capacities. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the reviewed literature, it was decided to conduct in-depth interviews with employees from the strategic planning and IT areas. A graphical representation of the business model was used to capture its structure, the business model canvas. Findings: The results of this study show how dynamic capability and business model connections occur and demonstrate which high-level routines enabled innovations in the Bematech’s business model for value creation and value capture. The study also shows the boundary between dynamic capabilities and the business model.