Repositório RCAAP

A filosofia sempre se interessou pela arte. Mas foi só quando a arte contemporânea registou novos e surpreendentes desenvolvimentos que surgiu na história da filosofia um aceso debate acerca da possibilidade de encontrar uma definição real de arte capaz de captar a sua essência. Nesta dissertação discutirei algumas das mais importantes teorias contemporâneas acerca da natureza da arte, desde as teorias essencialistas clássicas de Bell e Collingwood, passando pela proposta das semelhanças de família feita por Weitz, até às mais recentes teorias relacionais de Danto, Dickie, Levinson e Carroll. Defenderei que a filosofia da arte de Danto oferece a resposta mais credível, das discutidas, para a questão da natureza da arte. Para além de ser mais capaz de lidar com as objecções, Danto fornece uma definição real que é verdadeiramente uma explicação ontológica da arte e acomoda eficazmente algumas das crenças mais comuns acerca da produção artística e da nossa relação com ela.

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The COVID-19 pandemic threw into disarray almost all spheres of human activity. Research is no exception. When labs and research centres closed, scientists were told to stay at home, scientific events were cancelled or postponed to an uncertain date, most scientific projects had to be put on hold or modified substantially. This chapter concerns the adjustments and adaptations that had to be made in one such project, PERSIST_EU, an international project aimed at bringing together European university students through the organisation of participatory events in five cities. The participation of students should provide needed insights about knowledge, perceptions and opinion on science, and how these can be changed by engaging and discussing controversial scientific topics.

Background: Prevalence of fatty liver (FL) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) depends mainly on obesity, diabetes and genetic factors. FL and NAFLD prevalence was evaluated in Portuguese adult population and correlated with several risk factors and related mortality data, within the same period. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, population-based multicenter study, voluntary and randomly selected in 834 Portuguese adults (18-79 years). Participants were evaluated after 12-hour fasting. Anthropometric data, past history including alcohol consumption, and associated diseases were registered. Blood samples were collected for biochemical testing. Dietary intake was evaluated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Presence of FL was evaluated using ultrasound, and NAFLD was diagnosed after exclusion of other causes for liver disease. Results: Adjusted prevalence of FL and NAFLD was 37.8% and 17.0%, respectively. FL individuals were older, more frequently males, with increased probability of having obesity, diabetes or harmful alcohol consumption (HAC). NAFLD individuals were also older, but had a similar sex distribution and an increased probability of obesity and diabetes. In both groups, no differences were found regarding dietary pattern or physical activity. During the same time period, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) liver-related deaths in Portugal were 0.105/100 000, while alcohol-related liver disease mortality was 6.790/100 000. Conclusion: The large spectrum of FL was present in more than one third of the population, although only less than half could be classified as NAFLD. Other significant risk factors, such as HAC, are probably implicated in FL, explaining the low NASH-related mortality compared with the high alcohol-related mortality during the same time period.

Dignity Therapy (DT) is a brief, individualized intervention, which provides terminally ill patients with an opportunity to convey memories and essential disclosures that culminate in a legacy document. DT often broaches psychosocial and existential issues, hence bolstering a sense of meaning and purpose (Chochinov et al., 2005). During DT, trained therapists guide a psychotherapeutic session based on a framework of questions developed from key tenets of the Dignity Model (Chochinov et al., 2002). DT is presently well established in adult populations, but its application to younger people has received little attention (Rodriguez et al., 2018; Julião et al., 2020). To address this gap, Julião and colleagues adapted the Portuguese DT question framework to make it applicable to adolescents (ages 10–18) (Julião et al., 2020).

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. Nevertheless, in recent years, mortality associated with diseases of the circulatory system has decreased steadily across several European Union (EU) member states. This change may, at least in part, be due to increased screening and awareness of appropriate and timely treatment procedures, as well as to changes in patients’ lifestyles.

Purpose: Determination of genotypic/phenotypic features of GATAD2B-associated neurodevelopmental disorder (GAND). Methods: Fifty GAND subjects were evaluated to determine consistent genotypic/phenotypic features. Immunoprecipitation assays utilizing in vitro transcription-translation products were used to evaluate GATAD2B missense variants' ability to interact with binding partners within the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex. Results: Subjects had clinical findings that included macrocephaly, hypotonia, intellectual disability, neonatal feeding issues, polyhydramnios, apraxia of speech, epilepsy, and bicuspid aortic valves. Forty-one novelGATAD2B variants were identified with multiple variant types (nonsense, truncating frameshift, splice-site variants, deletions, and missense). Seven subjects were identified with missense variants that localized within two conserved region domains (CR1 or CR2) of the GATAD2B protein. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed several of these missense variants disrupted GATAD2B interactions with its NuRD complex binding partners. Conclusions: A consistent GAND phenotype was caused by a range of genetic variants in GATAD2B that include loss-of-function and missense subtypes. Missense variants were present in conserved region domains that disrupted assembly of NuRD complex proteins. GAND's clinical phenotype had substantial clinical overlap with other disorders associated with the NuRD complex that involve CHD3 and CHD4, with clinical features of hypotonia, intellectual disability, cardiac defects, childhood apraxia of speech, and macrocephaly.

The physiological significance of biometric body condition indices (bBCI) is poorly understood. We hypothesized that bBCI are composite metrics of nutritional physiology, physical fitness and health. To test this hypothesis, we first compared the performance of eight bBCI, using 434 Southern European carnivores from six species as a model system; and then identified, by non-destructive methods, the hematology and serum biochemistry correlates of three selected bBCI. Fulton’s K Index, Major Axis Regression Residuals and Scaled Mass Index were the only bBCI insensitive to the effect of sex and age. The most informative physiological parameters in explaining the variation of these bBCI were the albumin (Effect Size (ES) = − 1.66 to − 1.76), urea (ES = 1.61 to 1.85) and total bilirubin (ES = − 1.62 to − 1.79). Hemoglobin and globulins (positive) and cholesterol (negative) were moderately informative (0.9 <|ES|< 1.5). This study shows that most bBCI do not control for the effect of age and sex in Southern European carnivores. Our results support that bBCI are composite measures of physiologic processes, reflecting a positive gradient from protein-poor to protein-rich diets, accompanied by increased physical fitness. Biometric body condition indices allow the integration of ecologically relevant physiological aspects in an easily obtained metric.

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The extensive afforestation of the Mediterranean rim of Europe in recent decades has increased the number of wildfire disturbances on hydrological and sediment processes, but the impacts on headwater catchments is still poorly understood, especially when compared with the previous agricultural landscape. This work monitored an agroforestry catchment in the north-western Iberian Peninsula, with plantation forests mixed with traditional agriculture using soil conservation practices, for one year before the fire and for three years afterwards, during which period the burnt area was plowed and reforested. During this period, continuous data was collected for meteorology, streamflow and sediment concentration at the outlet, erosion features were mapped and measured after major rainfall events, and channel sediment dynamics were monitored downstream from the agricultural and the burnt forest area. Data from 202 rainfall events with over 10 mm was analysed in detail. Results show that the fire led to a notable impact on sediment processes during the first two post-fire years, but not on streamflow processes; this despite the small size of the burnt area (10% of the catchment) and the occurrence of a severe drought in the first year after the fire. During this period, soil loss at the burnt forest slopes was much larger than that at most traditionally managed fields, and, ultimately, led to sediment exhaustion. At the catchment scale, storm characteristics were the dominant factor behind streamflow and sediment yield both before and after the fire. However, the data indicated a shift from detachment-limited sediment yield before the fire, to transport-limited sediment yield afterwards, with important increases in streamflow sediment concentration. This indicates that even small fires can temporarily change sediment processes in agroforestry catchments, with potential negative consequences for downstream water quality.

Irrigation is essential for a large part of Mediterranean agricultural systems, but scarce resources may cause conflicts between agricultural and domestic uses. These conflicts might be exacerbated by climate change, which could bring a drier climate and thus increase irrigation water demands while lowering supplies. These issues were addressed when designing a climate change adaptation plan for water resources in the Algarve region (southern Portugal), which was co-created between hydrologists and local stakeholders and policy-makers, by using the Dynamic Adaptive Policy Pathways (DAPP) approach to synthetize and communicate the results from hydrological modelling of future scenarios. The evolution of water availability and irrigation demands for key water assets in Algarve (southern Portugal) were simulated until 2100 for climate scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, using a modified version of Thornthwaite-Mather. The results show an increase in water stress, mainly in the RCP8.5 scenario. The results and need for adaptation were discussed with local and regional decision-makers and other stakeholders, and a set of adaptation measures was agreed upon. The discussed adaptation measures were then modelled and integrated the design of tailor-made DAPP. Finally, decision-makers and stakeholders were presented with DAPP and selected the most suitable and political reliable adaptation pathway that tackles projected climate change impacts in water resources until the end of the 21 st century. Stakeholders showed a strong preference for incremental and distributed small-scale measures, including the promotion of water use efficiency and landscape water retention, to large-scale measures such as wastewater recycling or new dams. A decrease in irrigation water use for agriculture was not considered socially desirable. Desalination was considered too costly for irrigation in the short term but kept in reserve in case other measures fail to keep water supplies at an acceptable level.

O objectivo da Newsletter do Instituto de Saúde Baseado na Evidência (ISBE) é a disponibilização de informação sobre áreas relevantes para a prática clínica, baseada na melhor evidência científica. São localizados estudos relevantes e de alta qualidade, criticamente avaliados pela sua validade, importância dos resultados e aplicabilidade prática e resumidos numa óptica de suporte à decisão clínica. É dada prioridade aos estudos de causalidade – revisões sistemáticas, ensaios clínicos, estudos de coorte prospectivos/retrospectivos, estudos seccionais cruzados e caso‐controlo – incluindo‐se ainda, quando justificado, estudos qualitativos considerados de elevada qualidade metodológica e importância clínica.

A influência que o poeta John Keats exerceu sobre Fernando Pessoa começou ainda durante a sua juventude, mas a sua importância veio a sobressair durante a escrita de Mensagem e de textos teórico-filosóficos com ecoos de William Hazlitt e de outros escritores românticos. Faz parte do objectivo desta tese demonstrar os pontos de ligação dos dois poetas e das suas poesias, nomeadamente nos poemas Mensagem, Hyperion e The Fall of Hyperion (os quais Pessoa comunicara, previamente, terem sido uma fonte de inspiração para o seu poema). Após o estudo destas e de outras obras, assim como do pensamento destes autores, é previsto que esta tese consiga convencer o leitor que ambos os poetas fizeram um elogio (quer activo, quer passivo) do poder e da arte, em detrimento da conquista e da acção, sendo estes tópicos o fundamento dos poemas referidos.

Este trabalho baseou-se no problema de saber em que medida uma inovação pedagógica: o uso da Internet na sala de aula, designada por diversos autores como CMC, acrónimo de Comunicação Mediada por Computador, pode motivar os alunos e produzir neles uma aprendizagem significativa. A metodologia seguida aponta para um estudo de caso alicerçado num tipo de investigação qualitativa, visto ter como primeira preocupação descrever os factos para tentar compreender como reagem os alunos àquele novo ambiente educativo. O investigador actuou como observador participante, em ambiente naturalista, e como método de análise foi usada a abordagem sistémica. A validação valeu-se de entrevistas, apontamentos, imagens, fichas de recolha de dados. Os resultados parecem confirmar em certa medida os pressupostos da literatura existente sobre o assunto, registando-se, por um lado, um forte potencial motivador com o uso de dois serviços da Internet: o Correio Electrónico e a World Wide Web e, por outro, uma aprendizagem significativa por parte dos alunos. Também não é possível deixar de reconhecer que a publicação na WWW da informação produzida pelos alunos foi, nesta investigação, um factor da maior importância para a motivação e aprendizagem.

Esta dissertação, intitulada "A Nova Educação do Carácter: Teoria, Metodologia e os Desafios no Contexto da Educação Pública Portuguesa", parte de um paradigma de investigação teórico, exploratório, e da experiência do autor, reflectindo substancialmente a consideração de uma proposta para o domínio da Formação Pessoal e Social (FPS) denominada Nova Educação do Carácter (NEC). No decurso da investigação são abordados e analisados o respectivo suporte conceptual e as directrizes metodológicas inerentes, bem como a sua problematização no contexto do Ensino Básico público em Portugal. Ao longo do estudo, detivemo-nos também na consideração optimista da validade da abordagem já que as últimas investigações conferem sinais positivos que outorgam esperança na adopção da NEC, da legitimidade no plano normativo vigente, das interpelações do plano teórico e da atmosfera cívica escolar. Assim, aduzimos a possível e desejável consideração da abordagem da NEC no plano da FPS no contexto oficial. Num segundo plano, constatámos que: a) a Escola é um agente social que está inserido num ambiente moral contemporâneo difuso e inconsistente, com uma crescente ênfase no relativismo, individualismo, materialismo, e no papel reconhecidamente substancial dos meios tecnológicos de comunicação e informação na modelação dos mais novos; não obstante, a Escola deve manifestar resiliência e autodeterminação no sentido de contrariar tal quadro sistémico antagónico; b) a família portuguesa contemporânea é um agente moral fragilizado e impotente para corresponder activa e resolutamente às expectativas da NEC; assim, ao invés de um papel supletivo e subsidiário, recaem sobre a Escola responsabilidades acrescidas; c) ao analisar a problemática do doutrinamento, crítica agudizada pela doutrinação de cariz religioso ocorrida no Estado Novo na educação pública, considerámos que tal acusação é ilegítima, tendo em consideração determinadas premissas. Portanto, reconhecemos que, além de assolarem a instância educativa como constrangimentos socioculturais, criam simultaneamente sinais de urgência, assumindo-se desse modo, juntamente com os outros aspectos referidos, como desafios interpelantes no domínio educativo oficial português em relação á NEC. Decorrentemente, a dissertação sublinha enfaticamente a legitimidade, necessidade e a urgência de uma intervenção mais objectiva, estruturada e consistente da Escola na promoção do desenvolvimento pessoal e social dos alunos, sob pena da paralisia agravar o actual quadro já reconhecido e não satisfazer as nobres demandas em relação à formação holística dos alunos. A Escola deve assumir-se como um agente social pró-activo e dinâmico, juntamente com outros parceiros, nomeadamente com a Família, mobilizando todas as sinergias e complementaridades possíveis, e inclusive reconhecer que é um catalisador de mudança da própria matriz e textura sociais. Por conseguinte, concedemos uma proposta de projecto de intervenção, contendo algumas repercussões e propostas ao nível organizacional e pedagógico. De facto, uma abordagem transversal, integradora, persistente e dependente de um acervo basilar de virtudes, não pode ser de modo algum uma valência negligenciável no âmbito da escolaridade básica oficial. Afinal, estamos a lidar, porventura no último reduto social, com competências de vida e para a vida, essenciais à cidadania integral das futuras gerações do nosso país.

The concept of shared mental models refers to the shared understanding among team members about how they should behave in different situations. This article aimed to develop a new shared mental model measure, specifically designed for the refereeing context. A cross-sectional study was conducted with three samples: national and regional football referees (n = 133), national football referees and assistant referees and national futsal referees (n = 277), and national futsal referees (n = 60). The proposed version of the Referee Shared Mental Models Measure (RSMMM) has 13 items that are reflected on a single factor structure. The RSMMM presented good validity evidence both based on the internal structure and based on relations to other variables (presenting positive associations with team work engagement, team adaptive performance, and team effectiveness). Such promising psychometric properties point to an optimistic outlook regarding its use to measure shared mental models in futsal and football referee teams.

This theoretical and practical document is part of the doctoral project in the specialty of Painting of the Faculty of Fine Arts of the University of Lisbon and, in its structure, is always divided into two distinct blocks throughout the work. Or rather, it is subdivided into alternating and complementing pairs of chapters; In this way: a Study and an Object, re-spectively a moment of theorizing and a reflection of the author on selected own work. In detail, the first - Study - corresponds to the reflections that enunciate and document the foundation and evolution of a set of particular ideas, authors and fundamental texts that help build a field of thought that attempts to represent the foundations and associated ideas. to artistic practice in both a generic and contemporary way. The second - Object (with its own title selected as exemplary - process explained) - corre-sponds to own objects and the analysis of the problems associated with creation, thought and artistic work, focusing particularly on the evolution of thought and evolutionary prac-tice. of personal artistic action; otherwise, it corresponds to the objects produced in the practical aspect of this dissertation and whose titles individualize the various chapters. The foundations of artistic inquiry can be understood in the light of the relationship Artist - Inner Vision - Object, whose nature can be synthesized according to Stan Brakhage: “OF NECESSITY I BECOME INSTRUMENT FOR THE PASSAGE OF INNER VISION, THRU ALL MY SENSIBILITIES, INTO ITS EXTERNAL FORM. My most active part in this process is to increase all my sensibilities (so that all films arise out of some total area of being or full life) AND, at the given moment of possible creation to act only out of ne-cessity. In other words, I am principally concerned with revelation. As most of what is re-vealed, thru my given sensibilities clarifies itself in relationship to previous (and future, possible) works of art, I offer the given external form WHEN COMPLETED for public viewing. (…) what I, as artist-viewer, understand of Revelation — that is: how to be re-vealed and how to be revealed TO (or 2, step 2 and/or— the viewing process.).”

Research on the importance of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] gained new momentum when it became a potential therapeutic target. Our understanding of this mysterious circulating lipoprotein particle has undergone advances and setbacks since its discovery in 1963 by Kåre Berg’s group.1 Lp(a) is composed of liver-derived apolipoprotein A and apolipoprotein B-100, and has a similar structure to both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and plasminogen. Lp(a) thus has a proatherogenic and a prothrombotic component, and is associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of death in the Portuguese population, accounting for 29.8% of deaths in 2016, mainly due to stroke (10.6%) and coronary heart disease (CHD) (10.5%). Hypertension is the single most important risk factor for CV disease. In Portugal, its prevalence is high (approximately 42%), as demonstrated in previous studies, increases with age, and is usually associated with other risk factors and comorbidities.

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