Repositório RCAAP

In this review the several types of cell damage and cell death which may be found in liver biopsy specimens are defined. We describe the different processes which occur at the portal/parenchymal or septal/parenchymal interface, viz. periportal spillover, periportal hepatitis, classic or lymphocytic piecemeal necrosis and biliary piecemeal necrosis. The diagnostic implications of these lesions in relation to the clinicopathological diagnosis and prognosis in various liver diseases are discussed.

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O tema desta comunicação visa num primeiro nível estabelecer uma caracterização da obra de Vieira da Silva na sua relação com a produção do abstraccionismo em Portugal, em particular a pintura, simultaneamente como alcance e osmose possíveis. Num segundo nível, que interage com o primeiro, procede-se a uma abordagem abrangente dos modos como a historiografia e a crítica do século XX observaram a obra da pintora Maria Helena Vieira da Silva.

Este trabalho incide sobre o estudo do estabelecimento das tribos árabes e berberes, nos séculos VIII e IX, no Sudoeste do Gharb al-Andalus, na zona compreendida entre o Tejo e o Guadiana, e em que medida afectaram as estruturas herdadas da época visigótica. Abordaremos o conceito de tribo, a origem e expansão das tribos árabes e berberes, o seu estabelecimento no al-Andalus, as suas disputas internas e interacção com os hispânicos. Procuraremos verificar quais as continuidades e rupturas face ao mundo romano-visigótico no domínio político, económico, social e cultural, nesta primeira fase do domínio muçulmano da Península Ibérica.

Quando Maria Helena Vieira da Silva expôs no Brasil, no Museu Nacional de Belas Artes do Rio de Janeiro apresentou, entre outras pinturas, uma tela que se encontra agora na Fundação Arpad Szenes-Vieira da Silva intitulada ''O Atelier do Alto de S. Francisco'', mais conhecida por ''L'atelier, Lisbonne'', de 1934/35. Embora não tenha sido particularmente tratada pela crítica brasileira, é uma obra fundamental no percurso da pintora porque, como é habitualmente dito, se trata de uma "obra de charneira". A ideia central deste ensaio é que ''Atelier, Lisbonne'' é uma pintura que se situa na relação entre a construção de um espaço a partir das suas determinações virtuais, para concretizar aquilo que Lazar Lissitzky designa de espacialidade real para se referir a uma arte ancorada na efectividade do espaço arquitectónico.

Como visitante das obras da artista e da leitura das suas palavras, vou procurar explorar algumas das particularidades do desenho e da pintura na infância e perscrutar na obra desta intrigante artista sintomas da presença e vicissitudes contextuais da sua criação estética e artística.

Study question: How has the performance of the European regional register of the European IVF-monitoring Consortium (EIM)/European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) evolved from 1997 to 2016, as compared to the register of the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of the USA and the Australia and New Zealand Assisted Reproduction Database (ANZARD)? Summary answer: It was found that coherent and analogous changes are recorded in the three regional registers over time, with a different intensity and pace, that new technologies are taken up with considerable delay and that incidental complications and adverse events are only recorded sporadically. What is known already: European data on ART have been collected since 1997 by EIM. Data collection on ART in Europe is particularly difficult due to its fragmented political and legal landscape. In 1997, approximately 78.1% of all known institutions offering ART services in 23 European countries submitted data and in 2016 this number rose to 91.8% in 40 countries. Study design, size, duration: We compared the changes in European ART data as published in the EIM reports (2001-2020) with those of the USA, as published by CDC, and with those of Australia and New Zealand, as published by ANZARD. Participants/materials, setting, methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the published EIM data sets spanning the 20 years observance period from 1997 to 2016, together with the published data sets of the USA as well as of Australia and New Zealand. By comparing the data sets in these three large registers, we analysed differences in the completeness of the recordings together with differences in the time intervals on the occurrence of important trends in each of them. Effects of suspected over- and under-reporting were also compared between the three registers. X2 log-rank analysis was used to assess differences in the data sets. Main results and the role of chance: During the period 1997-2016, the numbers of recorded ART treatments increased considerably (5.3-fold in Europe, 4.6-fold in the USA, 3.0-fold in Australia and New Zealand), while the number of registered treatment modalities rose from 3 to 7 in Europe, from 4 to 10 in the USA and from 5 to 8 in Australia and New Zealand, as published by EIM, CDC and ANZARD, respectively. The uptake of new treatment modalities over time has been very different in the three registers. There is a considerable degree of underreporting of the number of initiated treatment cycles in Europe. The relationship between IVF and ICSI and between fresh and thawing cycles evolved similarly in the three geographical areas. The freeze-all strategy is increasingly being adopted by all areas, but in Europe with much delay. Fewer cycles with the transfer of two or more embryos were reported in all three geographical areas. The delivery rate per embryo transfer in thawing cycles bypassed that in fresh cycles in the USA in 2012, in Australia and New Zealand in 2013, but not yet in Europe. As a result of these changing approaches, fewer multiple deliveries have been reported. Since 2012, the most documented adverse event of ART in all three registers has been premature birth (<37 weeks). Some adverse events, such as maternal death, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, haemorrhage and infections, were only recorded by EIM and ANZARD. Limitations, reasons for caution: The methods of data collection and reporting were very different among European countries, but also among the three registers. The better the legal background on ART surveillance, the more complete are the data sets. Until the legal obligation to report is installed in all European countries together with an appropriate quality control of the submitted data the reported numbers and incidences should be interpreted with caution. Wider implications of the findings: The growing number of reported treatments in ART, the higher variability in treatment modalities and the rising contribution to the birth rates over the last 20 years point towards the increasing impact of ART. High levels of completeness in data reporting have been reached, but inconsistencies and inaccuracies still remain and need to be identified and quantified. The current trend towards a higher diversity in treatment modalities and the rising impact of cryostorage, resulting in improved safety during and after ART treatment, require changes in the organization of surveillance in ART. The present comparison must stimulate all stakeholders in ART to optimize surveillance and data quality assurance in ART.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune-driven inflammatory disease characterised by synovial inflammation, leading to progressive cartilage and bone destruction, impacting patients’ functional capacity and quality of life. Patients with RA have significant differences in gut microbiota composition when compared to controls. Intestinal dysbiosis influences the intestinal barrier strength, integrity and function, and diet is considered the main environmental factor impacting gut microbiota. Over the last few years, researchers have focused on the influence of single components of the diet in the modulation of intestinal microbiota in RA rather than whole dietary patterns. In this review, we focus on how the Mediterranean diet (MD), a whole dietary pattern, could possibly act as an adjuvant therapeutic approach, modulating intestinal microbiota and intestinal barrier function in order to improve RA-related outcomes. We also review the potential effects of particular components of the MD, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polyphenols and fibre.

This study analyzes the productive structure of Portugal in the period 2013–2017, using indicators of localization and specialization applied to 308 Portuguese local authorities. From an empirical approach using a threshold model, the following indicators are used: (i) localization quotient; (ii) specialization coe cient; (iii) Theil entropy index; (iv) rate of industrialization; and (v) the density of establishments by business size. The selected period 2013–2017 is due to the available data concerning firms located per local authority, and the choice of threshold model is justified through the possibility of assessing the non-linear e ects of specialization and diversification on productivity, considering, in simultaneous terms, di erent regimes per business size. Estimation of the threshold model identified a positive, statistically significant relation between industrialization and productivity. Similarly, the terms of interaction between exports and diversification, and between the former and higher education institutions, shows a catalyzing e ect of productivity. In addition, the most specialized micro-firms a ect productivity significantly and positively, while the least specialized have the opposite e ect. Small, less specialized companies have a significant and negative e ect on productivity, contrasting with less specialized, medium-sized companies, which a ect productivity positively. For large firms, the impact on productivity is negative for both high and low levels of specialization, reinforcing the need to fill existing gaps in strategic diversification, as well as the vertical and horizontal integration of the activities of production chains with high value added.

Twenty-two autosomal short tandem repeats included in the PowerPlex® Fusion System Amplification kit (Promega Corporation) were genotyped in a population sample of 500 unrelated individuals from Cabo Verde living in Lisboa. Allelic frequency data and forensic and statistical parameters were calculated and evaluated in this work. The genetic relationship among immigrant population from Cabo Verde living in Lisboa and other populations, such as Brazilian and Angola immigrants living in Lisboa; Afro-Americans, Caucasians, Hispanics and Asians living in the USA and the population from Lisboa was assessed, and a multidimensional scaling plot was drown to show these results.

O presente estudo analisa o papel mediador do excesso de trabalho e do conflito trabalho- família (CTF) na relação entre a flexibilidade de horário e burnout. No total foram analisadas 554 respostas de colaboradores de uma consultora em Portugal. Os resultados evidenciam o excesso de trabalho como variável mediadora na relação entre flexibilidade de horário e CTF. Mais, existe uma mediação em série parcial, na qual a relação entre a flexibilidade de horário e o burnout é parcialmente explicada pelo excesso de trabalho e pelo CTF. Os resultados permitem um melhor entendimento do papel da flexibilidade de horário no contexto atual das organizações, e da sua relação com as variáveis excesso de trabalho, CTF e burnout. São apresentadas implicações práticas, limitações e sugestões para estudos futuros.

Purpose of review: The purpose of this update is to summarize the recent advances on the management of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). Recent findings: There is a trend in declining frequency of CVT patients presenting with focal deficits or coma and a decrease in mortality over time. Anemia and obesity were identified as risk factors for CVT. During pregnancy and puerperium, the higher risk of CVT occurs in the first months post-delivery. With appropriate management, 1/3 of comatose CVT patients can have a full recovery. The management of CVT patients includes treatment of associated conditions, anticoagulation with parenteral heparin, prevention of recurrent seizures, and decompressive neurosurgery in patients with large venous infarcts/hemorrhages with impending herniation. After the acute phase, patients should be anticoagulated for 3-12 months. Results of recently completed randomized controlled trials on endovascular treatment and comparing dabigatran with warfarin will improve the treatment of CVT.

A presente investigação apresenta como principal objetivo analisar a relação existente entre o capital psicológico positivo e a satisfação e bem-estar organizacional, como também compreender que papel tem a qualidade de vida no trabalho nesta relação, procurando adotar uma abordagem positiva que visa potenciar os indivíduos ao fornecer-lhes as ferramentas necessárias para o seu desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional. Com uma amostra de 96 trabalhadores, os resultados deste estudo empírico demonstram que o Capital Psicológico Positivo e a Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho apresentam uma relação positiva com a Satisfação com o Trabalho e o Bem-estar Afetivo. Para além disso, comprovou a existência de mediação por parte da Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho na relação entre o Capital Psicológico e a Satisfação com o Trabalho e Capital Psicológico Positivo e Bem-estar com o Trabalho. Os resultados obtidos são discutidos assim como apresentadas as limitações e possíveis linhas de investigação futuras.

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Introduction: Cardiovascular (CV) risk is known to be increased in HIV-infected individuals. Our aim was to assess CV risk in HIV-infected adults. Methods: CV risk was estimated for each patient using three different risk algorithms: SCORE, the Framingham risk score (FRS), and DAD. Patients were classified as at low, moderate or high CV risk. Clinical and anthropometric data were collected. Results: We included 571 HIV-infected individuals, mostly male (67.1%; n=383). Patients were divided into two groups according to antiretroviral therapy (ART): naïve (7.5%; n=43) or under ART (92.5%; n=528). The mean time since HIV diagnosis was 6.7±6.5 years in the naive group and 13.3±6.1 years in the ART group. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was identified in 33.9% (n=179) and 16.3% (n=7) of participants in the ART and naïve groups, respectively. MS was associated with ART (OR=2.7; p=0.018). Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl (OR=13.643, p<0.001) was one of the major factors contributing to MS. Overall, high CV risk was found in 4.4% (n=23) of patients when the SCORE tool was used, in 20.5% (n=117) using the FRS, and in 10.3% (n=59) using the DAD score. The observed agreement between the FRS and SCORE was 55.4% (k=0.183, p<0.001), between the FRS and DAD 70.5% (k=0.465, p<0.001), and between SCORE and DAD 72.3% (k=0.347, p<0.001). Conclusion: On the basis of the three algorithms, we detected a high rate of high CV risk, particularly in patients under ART. The FRS was the algorithm that classified most patients in the high CV risk category (20.5%). In addition, a high prevalence of MS was identified in this patient group.

Introduction: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are chronic disorders that significantly impact patients’ quality of life (QoL), health care systems and society. There is very limited data on the epidemiology and the impact of PsA and AS in Portugal, so in this study we aim to: 1) estimate the prevalence of PsA and AS in the adult Portuguese population; 2) compare health-related quality of life (QoL) of PsA and AS with the one of other rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) and with subjects with no rheumatic diseases; 3) compare early retirement and productivity loss among PsA and AS with other RMD. Methods: We used data from EpiReumaPt, a population-based survey, conducted from 2011 to 2013, in which 10661 subjects, over 18 years old, were screened for RMD. Spondyloarthritis (SpA) was defined by a positive expert opinion combined with the fulfillment of the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria for axial and peripheral SpA. Estimates were computed as weighted proportions considering the study design. Logistic regressions were used to compare AS/PsA subjects with other RMD and the adult Portuguese population without rheumatic diseases. Results: Prevalence rate of SpA was of 1.6% (95% CI 1.2% to 2.1%). Subjects with AS or PsA had worse QoL, reflected by EQ5D score when compared with the adult Portuguese population without rheumatic diseases (b=- 0.08; p=0.031). AS and PsA also had worse QoL when compared with participants with other RMD (b=-0.22; p>0.001). AS and in comparison to patients with other RMD, PsA subjects retired early due to their illness (OR=4.95; 95% CI 1.54% to 15.93%). A significant proportion of patients with SpA (13.6%) referred absenteeism in the previous 12 months to the interview. Conclusions: AS and PsA were found to be associated with poor QoL and a high rate of disease-related early retirement, emphasizing the burden of such rheumatic conditions in Portugal.

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o efeito mediador da autoeficácia académica na relação entre a orientação para objetivos e a satisfação com o curso de estudantes de engenharia. No total foram analisadas 544 respostas de estudantes de engenharia de uma faculdade portuguesa, sendo que as hipóteses de investigação foram parcialmente corroboradas. Os resultados revelam uma relação positiva entre a autoeficácia académica e a satisfação com o curso. Mais, a autoeficácia académica media a relação entre a orientação para objetivos de aprendizagem e a satisfação com curso. Contudo, os resultados não evidenciam uma mediação da autoeficácia académica na relação entre a orientação para objetivos de aprovação e a satisfação com o curso, nem na relação entre a orientação para objetivos de evitamento e a satisfação com o curso. Os resultados obtidos contribuem para a literatura ao permitir um melhor entendimento do papel que as orientações para objetivos e a autoeficácia académica têm neste contexto educacional, assim como as suas relações com a satisfação com o curso. São apresentadas implicações teóricas e práticas, assim como limitações e sugestões para futuros estudos.

This study explores the contributions of different dimensions of the intellectual capital of higher education institutions (ICHEIs) to their performance, incorporating the previously unexplored dimension of quality of life (QoL) as a performance measure, and correspondingly taking into account the connection between the Theory of Stakeholders and the Theory of Legitimacy. Applying a Structural Equation Model and the Partial Least Squares method, we present new empirical findings from a sample of 738 students and 587 lecturers/researchers from seven Portuguese public HEIs. The ICHEIs positively influence the institution's performance, through relational capital and structural capital; and QoL emerges as an important dimension of HEIs' performance standards, especially regarding students' perception of academic QoL. When HEIs understand and measure their IC, they will gain a better understanding of their core competencies, enabling a better allocation of resources and implementation of more effective strategic and operational actions.

This chapter focuses on how the problems of economic development were addressed by the Portuguese historiography of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The ensuing discussion benefits from the simultaneous consideration of two historiographical domains that complement each other: economic history and the history of economics. On the one hand, there are the authors and texts of economic history that seek to describe the facts and circumstances related to the functioning and dynamics of economic reality, for a given period or succession of periods, in order to establish evolutionary trends. On the other hand, there are the authors and texts of the history of economics that seek to adopt analytical forms (principles and laws) and doctrinal and programmatic frameworks (visions and ideologies) aimed at providing explanatory meaning to the observed economic changes, phenomena and regularities. A true understanding of the important issues pertaining to Portuguese economic development is to be found, however, in the intersection of these distinct but complementary historiographical perspectives.