Repositório RCAAP

This research aims to evaluate factors associated with the presence of comorbidities between mood and anxiety disorders in young adults aged 18 to 24 years, from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional, population-based study with a probabilistic sample by conglomerates. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to assess mood and anxiety disorders. The prevalence of mental disorders in the sample (n = 1,561) was of 26.8% of which 9.7% had comorbidities between mood and anxiety disorders. The prevalence of comorbidities on mood and anxiety disorders is almost three times higher among women than men (p < 0.001). Lower education levels, socioeconomic status (p < 0.001) and a history of divorced parents (p < 0.050) was associated with comorbidities between mood and anxiety disorders. The main conclusion is that social factors are highly associated with comorbidities between mood and anxiety disorders. Prevention strategies on mental health should focus particularly on women in vulnerable social conditions.

Qualitative studies of the sexual risk practices of Portuguese men who have sex with men (MSM) are scarce, as have been campaigns to target this group despite high HIV infection rates. This study investigates the concepts and practices of safer sex of a group of 36 Portuguese self-identified gay men (age: x = 34.4, SD = 9.1) who have met sexual partners online; two identified as HIV positive. Thematic analysis of interviews showed that our participants were aware of HIV transmission risks and tended to protect themselves in most sexual practices. Oral sex and steady relationships, however, did not always include safer practices. Participants tended to rely on indirect sources of information when assessing their partners’ HIV status, such as their physical characteristics or the information available in online profiles. Contrasting HIV positive and negative men’s sexual expectations and practices indicated that communication shortcomings might be putting some at risk. Findings suggest that safe sex is a relational practice which can only be understood and addressed within the context in which it occurs.

O objetivo foi investigar a associação entre aspectos psicossociais do trabalho e prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) em pilotos da aviação civil brasileira. Estudo transversal quantitativo utilizando os instrumentos de autopreenchimento Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) e Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Foram avaliados 778 pilotos. No modelo de regressão logística múltipla se observa forte associação entre alta exigência e prevalência de TMC, quando comparada com baixa exigência, definida como referência (OR ajustado = 29,0). No modelo ajustado final permaneceram estatisticamente associadas às variáveis carga de trabalho e prática regular de exercício físico. A prevalência esperada de TMC nos pilotos do subgrupo de alta exigência, com carga pesada de trabalho e que não realizavam exercícios físicos, foi de 39,7%, enquanto que para os indivíduos de baixa exigência, que praticam exercícios e têm carga leve de trabalho foi de 0,4%. As condições de trabalho podem ser consideradas como potenciais fatores contribuintes para o surgimento de TMC, com provável impacto na segurança de voo.

The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between depressive symptoms and eating disorders in female adolescents. The sample included 371 girls ranging from 12 to 16 years of age in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The study used the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and Major Depression Inventory (MDI) to evaluate eating disorders and depressive symptoms, respectively. The linear regression model showed that 18% of the EAT-26 scores were influenced by MDI (F(1, 370) = 14.18; p = 0.001). Moreover, the findings indicated a statistically significant association between depressive symptoms and eating disorders (χ2 = 14.71; Wald = 12.90; p = 0.001). The authors concluded that depressive symptoms were related to eating disorders in female adolescents. Thus, girls with some level of depression showed a greater tendency to adopt disordered eating as a daily habit.

Prostate cancer mortality projections at the nationwide and regional levels to the year 2025 are carried out in this ecological study that is based on an analysis of Brazilian trends between 1996 and 2010. The predictions were made for the period 2011-2025 utilizing the Nordpred program based on the period of 1996-2010, using the age-period-cohort model. A significant increase was observed in the Brazilian rates between 1996 and 2006, followed by a non-significant decrease. The projections indicate a decrease in rates at a national level as well as for the Central, South and Southeast regions. Increases are expected for the North and Northeast regions. In conclusion, a reduction in the mortality rates for prostate cancer in Brazil is expected to the year 2025, as well as for the Central, South and Southeast regions. However, an increase in the absolute number of deaths in all regions is expected due to the anticipated aging of the population.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a melhoria da qualidade das informações sobre a tuberculose (TB), após a vinculação de registros e a correção do encerramento por meio do linkage probabilístico do Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) com o Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). Para a vinculação de registros foi realizado o linkage entre os registros do SINAN do Brasil, anos 2008 e 2009, com o objetivo de excluir as notificações não removidas pelas rotinas do SINAN realizadas por estados e municípios. As bases de dados foram construídas de acordo com o desfecho dos casos. Para o linkage entre SINAN e SIM foi utilizada a base de dados que resultou da vinculação de registros e os registros do SIM que mencionaram TB como causa básica ou associada, entre 2008 e 2010, no Brasil. A vinculação de registros diminuiu o percentual de casos novos com encerramento por transferência, com variação de 34,8% em 2008 e 35,5% em 2009. Após o linkage entre SINAN e SIM, o percentual de óbito por TB aumentou, com variação em torno de 15%. Os resultados descrevem uma situação de alerta no que se refere à qualidade dos dados de desfecho de tratamento de TB no SINAN.

To examine changes in the time spent in each mode of transportation used for going to school by gender and age among adolescents from Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Two school-based surveys were performed in 2001 (N = 5,028) and 2011 (N = 6,529) in high school students (15-19 years old). The mode of transportation (on foot; by bicycle; by bus; car/motorcycle) and the time spent for commuting to school were assessed. Active commuting increased for short trips in both genders (male: 25.1% to 36.7%; female: 18.8% to 29.2%) and in all ages (15-16 years: 21% to 32.7%; 17-19 years: 21.9% to 32.4%), and declined for longer trips in males (30.5% to 21.9%) and in 15-16 years old students (25.7% to 34.7%). Car/motorcycle use has doubled for short trips in males (38.1% to 65.9%) and in 17-19 years old students (37.7% to 62.7%), while the use of buses remained stable in both genders. Our findings contribute to discussions on public policy focusing on the design of safe environments to promote active commuting to schools, particularly to decrease the use of motorized transport for short trips.

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This systematic review aimed to investigate the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and birth defects in children. We performed an electronic search of observational studies in the databases ovid MEDLINE (1950 to April 2010), LILACS and SciELO. We included 188 studies with a total of 13,564,914 participants (192,655 cases). Significant positive associations were found between maternal smoking and birth defects in the following body systems: cardiovascular (OR: 1.11; 95%CI: 1.03-1.19), digestive (OR: 1.18; 95%CI: 1.07-1.30), musculoskeletal (OR: 1.27; 95%CI: 1.16-1.39) and face and neck (OR: 1.28; 95%CI: 1.19-1.37). The strength of association between maternal smoking and birth defects measured by the OR (95%CI) is significantly related to the amount of cigarettes smoked daily (χ2 = 12.1; df = 2; p = 0.002). In conclusion, maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with congenital malformations in children and this association is dose-dependent.

O objetivo do presente artigo é examinar elementos centrais do pensamento-ação de Anísio Teixeira, visando produzir subsídios para superação da atual crise de formação de pessoas em saúde. Primeiro, apresenta-se resumo de vida e obra de Anísio, avaliando seu legado institucional e impacto no cenário histórico da educação brasileira. Segundo, discute-se o modelo anisiano de Universidade Popular, promovido e implantado em duas oportunidades na história brasileira recente, porém reprimido politicamente com dureza. Terceiro, avalia-se a contribuição potencial da obra anisiana para os debates político- pedagógicos atuais sobre formação profissional e acadêmica em saúde, focalizando similaridades com modelos flexnerianos de renovação da universidade. Por último, propõe-se a hipótese de que a convergência conceitual e pragmática entre Flexner e Anísio permite compreender a constatada ausência ou invisibilidade do pensamento anisiano na literatura acadêmica sobre Educação em Saúde, no discurso institucional e nas práticas de formação de trabalhadores em saúde no Brasil.

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O artigo examina a presença da saúde como Ob-jetivo do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) na Agenda do Desenvolvimento pós-2015, no processo transcorrido entre 2012 e 2014. Presente desde a Cúpula do Milênio e os ODM (2000), a saúde também aparece nos documentos que tratam da Agenda pós-2015, da Rio+20 ao documento do Grupo de Trabalho Aberto das Nações Unidas (OWG), submetido à Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas (AGNU) 2014-2015, passando pela Con-sulta Global sobre Saúde e o Painel de Alto Nível de Pessoas Eminentes. Os autores concluem pela uniformidade com que a saúde aparece nestes documentos. Identificam a amplitude do enunciado do ODS Saúde, mas alertam para o fracionamento e redução conceitual de suas metas. Propõem mudanças nas mesmas, acrescentando a questão dos determinantes sociais da saúde e metas em saúde pública, ausentes na proposta do OWG. Alertam para a necessidade de reformas na governança global e nacional, bem como para a participação da sociedade civil e da influência que pode exercer sobre a diplomacia, responsável pelo pacto que será firmado na AGNU de 2015.

The aim of this study was to focus on the ethical and social issues derived from the implementation of transtelephonic electrocardiography (TTECG) in the public healthcare sector in Chile, studying patients and healthcare providers' acceptance and expectations concerning: (a) TTECG effectiveness and safety; and (b) data protection issues, such as confidentiality, privacy and security. For this purpose, we developed two psychosocial surveys; the first was addressed to patients receiving transtelephonic electrocardiogram (either in the emergency services of hospitals or in distant primary care services) and the second one aimed at healthcare providers involved in either administering and/or interpreting it. Results included: (a) major acceptability of TTECG in terms of safety and security; (b) privacy and confidentiality of the patients were considered to be well protected; and (c) the patient-doctor relationship was not affected by this device.

The study evaluated the nutritional status of 629 people living with HIV/AIDS attended at 12 specialized services of São Paulo's Municipal Health Department, Brazil. Data were obtained from medical records and through interviews during nutritional consultation. We used the classification criteria established by World Health Organization to assess malnourished individuals, a BMI < 18.5kg/m2. The prevalence of malnutrition in people with AIDS is 3.12 times that observed among people with HIV, and among people with co-infection it is 3.41 times that obtained among people without co-infection. This indicates how these conditions can harm the maintenance of the nutritional status, and shows that they demand a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon, as well as the development of strategies to improve the health care of individuals at nutritional risk.

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a prevalência das atipias citológicas e infecção pelo papilomavírus humano em mulheres indígenas Panará no período de 2006 a 2007. Trata-se de estudo observacional transversal, com dados obtidos por coleta de amostras cérvico-vaginais para colpocitologia oncótica e captura híbrida, exame de colposcopia e biópsia. O trabalho incluiu 86 mulheres com idades de 12 anos ou mais, com história de vida sexual ativa ou pregressa. Os resultados mostraram que 10,7% das mulheres tinham atipias citológicas e que 28,6% estavam infectadas pelo HPV de alto risco oncogênico, principalmente entre as mais jovens (média = 25,6 anos). Dessas, 41,7% foram positivas para um ou mais dos tipos de HPV de alto risco dos genótipos 16, 18 ou 45, e a maioria, 58,3%, para outros tipos de HPV de alto risco. Conclui-se que é uma população especial, susceptível ao desenvolvimento das lesões precursoras do câncer do colo do útero e vulnerável às DST. Medidas preventivas como o rastreamento populacional sistemático para o câncer cervical e imunização contra o HPV são necessárias.