Repositório RCAAP

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Trata-se de um projecto de pintura e instalação pictural no qual o autor explora situações artísticas e espaciais que confrontam o espectador com gestos e procedimentos simultaneamente pertencentes ao domínio da pintura, do vídeo e do cinema, tendo como disrupção comum o glitch criativo, ou seja, uma modalidade de acaso expressivo e tecnológico cujas primeiras manifestações, segundo o próprio, derivam do elemento pictural, embora, com dispositivos e instrumentos diferentes dos outros media mencionados. Pelos motivos apresentados, algumas das peças instaladas aludem a Stan Brakhage, outras a Jennifer West ou a Takeshi Murata, outras ainda, aludem às conquistas ‘involuntárias’ de Protogenes para a pintura e para a arte em geral, em plena Grécia Antiga, resultado da angústia e dos impasses experienciados na realização de uma pintura pelo pintor de Rodes.

Seguindo a imprensa para avaliar a recepção da cultura de protesto em Portugal, o presente estudo centra-se na ideia de que os fenómenos contraculturais que decorreram no nosso país em finais da década de 60 foram manifestações que, tendo tido origem no estrangeiro, chegaram a Portugal com uma força que nem um regime que se opunha a valores democráticos podia travar. Para além disso, pretende-se estabelecer pontos de contacto entre os movimentos congéneres nos EUA, em França, no Reino Unido e em Portugal, país que vivia os anos finais de uma ditadura. Dado que este estudo se baseia na imprensa nacional, importa, não apenas clarificar conceitos como os de «cultura», «contracultura» e «cultura de protesto», mas também tentar interpretar o papel que teve a imprensa periódica na disseminação da cultura (de protesto) no Portugal dessa época. Neste sentido, não se pode deixar de dar relevância às novas (ou velhas) políticas que Marcelo Caetano adoptou para o país e para a imprensa. Se a censura continuou a existir após o afastamento político de Salazar, é necessário explicar de que forma jornalistas, escritores e intelectuais de diferentes áreas foram conseguindo protestar num país que, embora estivesse a passar por um processo de acentuado crescimento económico (como acontecia com muitos dos países democráticos ocidentais), não garantia as liberdades individuais de expressão.

Após apresentar, contextualizar e caracterizar os Cadernos de um Barbeiro, refiro-me à importância ao mérito do labor historiográfico de Ernesto Português. Faço uso de três conceitos-chave, que defino e aplico: sociabilidade escrita; ego-escrita; memória colectiva.

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Background: Individuals recovering from COVID-19 are known to have antibodies against the Spike and other structural proteins. Antibodies against Spike have been shown to display viral neutralization. However, not all antibodies against Spike have neutralizing ability although they may be cross-reactive. There is a need for easy-to-use SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing assays for the determination of virus-neutralizing activity in sera of individuals. Here we describe a PCR-based micro-neutralization assay that can be used to evaluate the viral neutralization titers of serum from SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Methods: The SARS-CoV-2 strain used was isolated from a nasopharyngeal specimen of a COVID-19 case. The limiting dilution method was used to obtain a 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of Vero cells. For the micro-neutralization assay, 19 serum samples, with positive IgG titers against Spike Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) were tested. After 24 hours, infected cells were inspected for the presence of a cytopathic effect, lysed and RNA RT-PCR conducted for SARS-CoV-2. PCR target Ct values were used to calculate percent neutralization/inhibition of SARS-CoV-2. Results: Out of 19 samples, 13 samples gave 100% neutralization at all dilutions, 1 sample showed neutralization at the first dilution, 4 samples showed neutralization at lower dilutions, while one sample did not demonstrate any neutralization. The RBD ODs and neutralization potential percentages were found to be positively correlated. Conclusion: We describe a rapid RT-PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization assay for the detection of neutralizing antibodies. This can effectively be used to test the antiviral activity of serum antibodies for the investigation of both disease-driven and vaccine-induced responses.

School archives cause a profound concern regarding the safe-keeping and preservation of documents which are fundamental tools for the history of a school and for the construc‑ tion of educational memory. Their importance has come to be recognized and has led to considering their preservation, conditions of installations, the correct organization of the documents and access to the information therein. The school archives are a repository of sources of information directly related to the functioning of educational institutions, which confers upon them a growing importance in the new paths of research in educa‑ tion. This places these institutions in a centralised position as regards understanding ed‑ ucational phenomena and the socialisation processes of the younger generations. In this paper we intend to reflect about: the role of school archives in educational institutions; the documents, their nature and the potentials for research in education; school archives from an interdisciplinary perspective; the archives, school culture and the construction of educational memory.

Pulmonary rehabilitation is based on a thorough patient assessment, including peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) at rest and on exertion. To understand whether exercise-field tests identify patients who desaturate (SpO2 < 90%) during physical activities, this study compared the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and daily-life telemonitoring. Cross-sectional study including 100 patients referred for pulmonary rehabilitation. The 6MWT was performed in hospital with continuous assessment of SpO2, HR, walked distance and calculated metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs). Patients were also evaluated in real-life by SMARTREAB telemonitoring, a combined oximetry-accelerometery with remote continuous assessment of SpO2, HR and METs. SMARTREAB telemonitoring identified 24% more desaturators compared with the 6MWT. Moreover, there were significant mean differences between 6MWT and SMARTREAB in lowest SpO2 of 7.2 ± 8.4% (P < 0.0005), in peak HR of - 9.3 ± 15.5% (P < 0.0005) and also in activity intensity of - 0.3 ± 0.8 METs (P < 0.0005). The 6MWT underestimates the proportion of patients with exercise-induced oxygen desaturation compared to real-life telemonitoring. These results help defining oximetry-guided interventions, such as telemedicine algorithms, oxygen therapy titration and regular physical activity assessment in pulmonary rehabilitation.

Patients' and carers' views regarding the Portuguese model of home respiratory care were recently described, yet the complementary perspective of healthcare professionals (HCPs) is still to be investigated. Thus, this study explored HCPs experience in the management of patients needing home respiratory therapies (HRT), and their perspective about the Portuguese model. A phenomenological descriptive study, using focus groups, was carried out with 28 HCPs (median 42 y, 68% female) with distinct backgrounds (57% pulmonologists, 29% clinical physiologists, 7% physiotherapists, 7% nurses). Three focus groups were conducted in three regions of Portugal. Thematic analysis was performed by two independent researchers. HCPs have in general a positive view about the organization of the Portuguese model of home respiratory care, which was revealed in four major topics: Prescription (number of references, n = 171), Implementation and maintenance (n = 162), Carer involvement (n = 65) and Quality of healthcare (n = 247). Improvements needed were related to patients' late referral, HRT prescription (usability of the medical electronic prescription system and renewals burden), patients' education, access to hospital care team, lack of multidisciplinary work and articulation between hospital, primary and home care teams. This study describes the perspective of HCPs about the Portuguese model of home respiratory care and identifies specific points where improvements and reflections are needed. This knowledge may be useful to decision makers improve the current healthcare model.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder known for the typical motor features associated. Pathologically, it is characterized by the intracellular accumulation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. Currently, there are no established biochemical markers for diagnosing or for following disease progression, a major limitation for the clinical practice. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in aSyn have been identified and implicated on its pathobiology. Since aSyn is abundant in blood erythrocytes, we aimed to evaluate whether PTMs of aSyn in the blood might hold value as a biomarker for PD. We examined 58 patients with PD and 30 healthy age-matched individuals. We found that the levels of Y125 phosphorylated, Y39 nitrated, and glycated aSyn were increased in PD, while those of SUMO were reduced. A combinatory analysis of the levels of these PTMs resulted in an increased sensitivity, with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.843 for PD versus healthy controls, and correlated with disease severity and duration. We conclude that the levels of these selected PTMs hold strong potential as biochemical markers for PD. Ultimately, our findings might facilitate the monitoring of disease progression in clinical trials, opening the possibility for developing more effective therapies against PD.

Many clinically relevant pathogens, including certain bacteria and protozoan parasites, have developed an intracellular lifestyle that enables them to nestle in customized vacuoles. Although these pathogens are protected from extracellular defences, recent findings indicate that host cells have evolved multiple strategies to unmask the pathogen disguised by the vacuole and thereby initiate innate immune responses. In this Opinion article, we propose and discuss models by which hosts can sense 'professional' vacuolar pathogens, and we highlight the ability of the host to target these stealthy bacteria and parasites.

Background: It has been suggested that treatment with ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) may improve motor function in patients with Huntington's disease (HD) with cytosine-adenine-guanine repeat numbers of <45. Methods: This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 6-month trial compared the effects of ethyl-EPA versus placebo on 290 subjects with mild-to-moderate HD. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline to 6 months in the Total Motor Score 4 (TMS-4) component of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS). Secondary endpoints included change from baseline in UHDRS subscores and Clinical Global Impression (CGI). Results: No significant differences in TMS-4 scores were noted between treatment groups. Similarly, there were no significant differences between groups on any of the UHDRS subscores or CGI scores. Conclusion: Ethyl-EPA was not beneficial in patients with HD during 6 months of placebo-controlled evaluation.

During the last few decades, attention has increasingly focused on noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the treatment of chronic respiratory failure. The University of Leuven and the University Hospitals Leuven therefore chose this topic for a 2-day working group session during their International Symposium on Sleep-Disordered Breathing. Numerous European experts took part in this session and discussed (1) NIV in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (when to start NIV, NIV and sleep, secretion management, and what to do when NIV fails), (2) recent insights in NIV and COPD (high-intensity NIV, NIV in addition to exercise training, and NIV during exercise training), (3) monitoring of NIV (monitoring devices, built-in ventilator software, leaks, and asynchronies) and identifying events during NIV; and (4) recent and future developments in NIV (target-volume NIV, electromyography-triggered NIV, and autoregulating algorithms).

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that arises as a result of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. A growing body of research suggests that genetic variants within immune-related genes can influence the risk of developing the disease and affect drug response. Materials and methods: To test this hypothesis, we carried out a comprehensive two-stage case-control study in a White population of 1239 White RA patients and 1229 healthy controls to investigate whether 49 single nucleotide polymorphisms within or near 17 immune-related genes modulate the risk of developing RA and antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drug response. Results: Logistic regression analyses showed that carriers of the IL4rs2070874T and IL4rs2243250T and IL8RBrs1126580A alleles or the IL8RBrs2230054C/C genotype had a significantly increased risk of developing RA [odds ratio (OR)=1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-1.67, P=0.0016; OR=1.24, 95% CI 1.03-1.49, P=0.020; OR=1.23, 95% CI 1.08-1.41, P=0.002 and OR=1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.36, P=0.01, respectively]. The association of the IL4 variants was further supported by a meta-analysis including 7150 individuals (P =0.0010), whereas the involvement of the IL8RB locus in determining the susceptibility to RA was also supported by gene-gene interaction analyses that identified significant two-locus and three-locus interaction models including IL8RB variants that act synergistically to increase the risk of the disease (P=0.014 and 0.018). Interestingly, we also found that patients harbouring the IFNGrs2069705C allele showed a significantly better response to anti-TNF drugs than those patients carrying the wild-type allele (P=0.0075). Conclusions: Our data suggest that IL4 and IL8RB loci may have a small-effect genetic impact on the risk of developing RA, whereas IFNG might be involved in modulating the response to anti-TNF drugs.

Os factores associados à mudança e ao mercado laboral cada vez mais exigente em termos de competências implicam a preparação dos jovens para gerirem proactivamente a construção da carreira. Consentânea com esta visão, a Educação para a Carreira tem sido considerada no quadro das intervenções de vários países (Watts & Sultana, 2004) e instâncias europeias (Conselho da União Europeia e a OCDE) como um dos instrumentos de desenvolvimento económico e social e estratégia crítica de combate ao insucesso e abandono escolar, para grupos em risco. Com fundamentação sócio-cognitiva e desenvolvimentista da Carreira ao Longo da vida, no âmbito da Educação para a Carreira, a presente investigação propõe traduzir, adaptar, implementar e avaliar o Programa Educacional Desenvolvimento de Carreira (PEDC), nomeadamente, o seu impacto em termos das crenças de auto-eficácia dos alunos, nos domínios académico, pessoal, social e de carreira. Os resultados da avaliação formativa e de processo sugerem que o PEDC apresenta um potencial enquanto programa estruturado de desenvolvimento de competências académicas, pessoais, sociais e de carreira, em contexto escolar com alunos dos Cursos CEF e PCA do 3.º ciclo do Ensino Básico. Contudo, os dados não são conclusivos quanto à eficácia do impacto do programa ao nível da melhoria de auto-eficácia dos alunos nos domínios académico, pessoal, social e de carreira.

O objetivo geral deste livro é conferir visibilidade a temas e questionamentos relativos a pedagogia no ensino superior, através dos pontos de vista diversos dos autores dos cinco capítulos. O ponto de partida é o reconhecimento de que o trabalho docente ocupa um lugar relativamente invisível nas universidades e politécnicos, mesmo se os seus professores têm sempre exercido atividades de ensino. Todos os autores dos capítulos se relacionam, de algum modo, com o trabalho que vem sendo desenvolvido na Pós-Graduação em Pedagogia do Ensino Superior oferecida pelo Instituto de Educação da Universidade de Lisboa desde 2019/20. Este curso visa promover o desenvolvimento profissional de professores de universidades e politécnicos e, tal como os autores deste livro, privilegia a reflexão sobre a prática docente não num registo técnico de prescrição de receitas de atuação, mas sim numa lógica global de práticas, princípios e finalidades de ensino.

Hemophilia A is an inherited coagulation disease characterized by factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency and is associated with high hemorrhagic risk, especially in its severe forms. As the average life expectancy of patients with hemophilia has increased, so has the prevalence of acute coronary events. There is however limited experience in dealing with them. The strategy of acting on acute coronary events in patients with hemophilia, as demonstrated in the present case, is a real challenge, not only due to the need for antiplatelet therapy (which is essential in the prevention of stent thrombosis, but increases hemorrhagic risk), but also due to the lack of specific recommendations related to the most adequate and safe replacement therapy in these situations. The authors describe the case of a 48-year-old man with unstable angina and a previous diagnosis of severe hemophilia A who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention under FVIII therapy without hemorrhagic complications.

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Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) prompts antiatherogenic adaptations in vascular function and structure. However, there is an extraordinary interindividual variability in response to a standard dose of exercise, wherein a substantial number of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) do not improve CRF. We (1) evaluated the effects of 12-month of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on CRF and arterial stiffness and (2) tested whether an additional 3-month of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would add to improvements in CRF responsiveness and arterial stiffness. Methods: Fifteen adults with mild-to-moderate IDD (male adults = 9, 30.1 ± 7.5 years old) met 3 days per week for 30 min MICT for 12 months, after which the incidence of CRF responsiveness was calculated (≥5.0% change in absolute peak VO2 ). Thereafter, responders and non-responders started HIIT for 3 months with identical daily training load/frequency. Peak VO2 , local and regional indices of arterial stiffness were assessed prior to and after each period. Results: Sixty per cent of the participants were non-responders following MICT, but the incidence dropped to 20% following HIIT (P = 0.03). Absolute peak VO2 values reached significant difference from pre-intervention (+0.38 ± 0.08 L min-1 , P = 0.001) only when HIIT was added. Lower limb pulse wave velocity (PWV) decreased following MICT (-0.8 ± 1.1 m s-1 , P = 0.049), whereas central PWV only decreased following HIIT (-0.8 ± 0.9 m s-1 , P = 0.013). Conclusions: Cardiorespiratory fitness responsiveness and reductions in PWV to a 12-month MICT period in adults with IDD improved following a period of HIIT programme inducing higher metabolic stress.