Repositório RCAAP

Neste estudo, analisa-se a presença do mito de Medeia na literatura portuguesa, dando atenção ao modo como, ao longo de várias épocas e segundo diferentes sensibilidades estéticas e sociais, se interpretaram os seus contornos narrativos e simbólicos, tomando como referência a matriz greco-latina definida e transmitida sobretudo por Eurípides, Apolónio de Rodes, Ovídio e Séneca. A sobrevida do mito acompanha-se desde o Cancioneiro Geral de Resende até à contemporaneidade, com especial relevo para Sophia, Eduarda Dionísio e José Ribeiro Ferreira.

Nas páginas desta primeira Matéria-Prima apresenta-se primeiro um dossier editorial, com artigos de pares académicos da revista que foram desafiados a publicar. Na secção seguinte, dedicada aos artigos originais a concurso, apresentam-se os artigos selecionados, por arbitragem cega, pelos pares académicos, após a chamada de trabalhos. Uma vez estabelecida a seleção e apreciado o conjunto de artigos, verifica-se que podem ser agrupados segundo três eixos temáticos: — Pós modernidade e cidadania, — Práticas supervisionadas e modelos curriculares, — Inovação e recursos educativos. Como tudo o que é apresentado nesta revista, o desafio Matéria-Prima nasceu dentro de uma sala de aula. Entre os alunos do curso de Mestrado em Ensino das Artes Visuais da Universidade de Lisboa, no decorrer da aula de Introdução à Prática Profissional II, debatíamos formas de apresentar e partilhar propostas concretas nos modos de materializar Unidades de Trabalho através da sua planificação e concretização, da sua gestão e da sua prática. Começámos por apresentar e debater os assuntos na aula, para depois apostarmos, todos, num novo formato mais comunicativo, incidente sobre as “práticas artísticas na sala de aula.” A Revista Matéria-Prima é um dos resultados práticos desta forma particular de desenvolvimento curricular do curso de formação de professores em Ensino das Artes da Universidade de Lisboa.

Assessing and mapping ecosystem services (ES) became an integral part of coastal and marine management practices. Hence, quantitative and validated approaches are lacking, especially to address future conditions. The objective of this study is to apply further existing and develop new methodological frameworks to quantitatively assess and map the current and future supply of 3 ES in the coastal zone of Lithuania: coastal flood protection, nutrient regulation, and maintenance of nursery conditions. For coastal flood ES modelling, 2 time periods (1990 and 2018) and 4 scenarios (A0, A1 A2, A3 - based on future socio-economic changes in Lithuania) were analysed. The coastal flood protection ES model was validated (r2 = 0.30) using tree cover density. The results showed spatial differences among the analysed periods but no statistical differences. High supply areas are located in the southern coastal area, while the central part displays a low supply. For nutrient regulation and maintenance of nursery conditions, 7 time periods were analysed: a historical period and 6 scenarios based on Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 and 8.5 and 3 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. The nutrient regulation ES model was validated (r2 = 0.85) using in situ nutrient. Statistical differences were observed for this ES, but a similar spatial distribution of high and low supply areas. A decrease in the supply was observed comparing the historical period and future scenarios. Maintenance of nursery conditions was validated (r2 = 0.72) based on the protection status of the coastal zone. Results show no statistical differences and similar spatial patterns among the periods. Rocky and sandbank areas show a high supply for this ES. Limitations of our work are mainly related to the resolution of the utilised indicators. Nevertheless, the information obtained from our models can support spatial planning and decision-making processes.

Bone is the single most frequent site for bone metastasis in breast cancer patients. Patients with bone-only metastasis have a fairly good prognosis when compared with patients with visceral disease. Nevertheless, cancer-induced bone disease carries an important risk of developing skeletal related events that impact quality of life (QoL). It is therefore particularly important to stratify patients according to their risk of developing bone metastasis. In this context, several risk factors have been studied, including demographic, clinicopathological, genetic, and metabolic factors. Most of them show conflicting or non-definitive associations and are not validated for clinical use. Nonetheless, tumour intrinsic subtype is widely accepted as a major risk factor for bone metastasis development and luminal breast cancer carries an increased risk for bone disease. Other factors such as gene signatures, expression of specific cytokines (such as bone sialoprotein and bone morphogenetic protein 7) or components of the extracellular matrix (like bone crosslinked C-telopeptide) might also influence the development of bone metastasis. Knowledge of risk factors related with bone disease is of paramount importance as it might be a prediction tool for triggering the use of targeted agents and allow for better patient selection for future clinical trials.

This research provides useful insights for better diagnosis and understanding the vein blockage induced by a deep venous thrombosis and the occurrence of reverse flow in human veins, allowing a proper detection of serious diseases related to deep venous insufficiency. An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation is used in a coupled model (i.e. fluid and structure equations solved together), considering two domains, specifically the blood flow and the flexible structures (i.e. vein and valves). Computational fluid dynamics mathematical model based on finite element method, with special elements and boundary characterization, is addressed to find the best solution. This research presents a novel model to study the interaction between non-Newtonian laminar fluid flows, the blood, within nonlinear structures, the vein walls. Simulation results are validated using in vivo echo-Doppler measurements.

The use of ceramic tiles has contributed to the construction of a cultural identity in Portugal and can be considered a fundamental element of interior design and architecture. The tradition of azulejo has enabled the role that wall tiles have played over time in the qualification of spaces and environments to be valued, revealing a differentiating and enhancing resource for the visual and functional qualities of designed environments. The present study seeks to examine how the artistic and technical characteristics of ceramic tiles interfere with the qualitative perception of designed spaces, from the perspective of their relationship with the user and with the supporting architectural structure. Considering the differentiation between artistic and industrial ceramic know-how of production and how they influence the nature of these relationships, the study elaborates a historical analysis that seeks to understand the roots of this phenomenon in the proximity of design culture, corresponding to a temporal horizon between the Industrial Revolution and Modern Design. The practical field of this study covers and evaluates the contribution of ceramic tiling as a solution in the field of interior design and environments, understanding its interdisciplinary use as a qualifying factor of spaces developed by five personalities whose works have undeniable relevance to the subject under investigation: Maria Keil, Álvaro Siza Vieira, Gio Ponti, Rem Koolhaas and Cecília de Sousa. The research of the works and their context made it possible to elaborate a mapping that includes selected international cases within the period limited to the second half of the 20th century, with the aim of understanding the procedures and design strategies of prominent artists, designers and architects. All of them integrated cladding ceramics into their work, pointing to the consolidation of na interdisciplinary design perspective

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O principal objectivo deste estudo é averiguar a relação entre a representação do investimento parental (bonding) e o grau de intimidade que o adolescente/jovem adulto experimenta nas relações amorosas. Tendo como referencial teórico a teoria das relações de objecto e a teoria da vinculação, propõem-se quatro hipóteses: 1) quanto maior o investimento parental na criança ao nível do cuidado, maior será o grau de intimidade vivida mais tarde nas relações diádicas; 2) níveis mais elevados de investimento parental ao nível da protecção estarão relacionados negativamente com o grau de intimidade vivenciada nas relações amorosas; 3) a relação entre as variáveis ‘investimento parental’ e ‘grau de intimidade experimentado na relação diádica’ será mais significativa no que diz respeito ao investimento feito pela figura materna; 4) existirão diferenças no grau de intimidade experienciado na relação em função das variáveis idade, sexo, tipo de relação, tempo de relação e grau de satisfação com a relação. Participaram no estudo 113 pessoas com idades entre os 18 e os 29 anos. Todos os participantes estavam envolvidos numa relação amorosa no momento da participação no estudo. Foram aplicados dois instrumentos: a Escala de Bonding Parental e a Escala de Avaliação da Intimidade na Relação – PAIR, bem como um questionário de dados sócio-demográficos. Os resultados confirmaram parcialmente as hipóteses, mas devem ser interpretados com precaução. Para a amostra em estudo, há relação, embora fraca, entre a percepção da ligação estabelecida com a mãe na infância e a vivência de intimidade nas relações amorosas. Não se encontraram diferenças significativas em função da idade, sexo, tipo de relação e tempo de relação. No entanto, verificaram-se diferenças em função do grau de satisfação com a relação. Algumas limitações e implicações para estudos futuros são apontadas.

The global road network is rapidly growing associated with human economic development. This growthalso entails a high toll for biodiversity, with several well-documented negative impacts on differentspecies. However, there is still a great lack of knowledge about the effects of roads on the persistenceof wildlife populations. Here, we aimed to summarize our current knowledge on this topic, based onsystematic reviews. We found that only a small proportion of studies (8%) focused on the effects of roadson population persistence. Most of these studies were about large mammals and were performed in high-income countries. Furthermore, these works studied only 2% of those species identified by the IUCN RedList as threatened by roads. Overall, our results show that we are far from understanding how roads affectthe long-term viability of wildlife populations inhabiting road-effect zones. Addressing this challenge willrequire modifying our conceptual perspective, from short-term to long-term studies, from single roadsections to focusing the landscape scale, and strive to obtain empirical data to support sound analysesto assess how road impacts affect the survival of wildlife populations, namely with information requiredto perform approaches such as population viability analyses. We highlight some key studies from ourreviews that have addressed this global conservation concern with population-oriented approaches.

In Mozambique (South-eastern Africa), Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna spp. are important staple foods and a major source of dietary protein for local populations, particularly for people living in rural areas who lack the financial capacity to include meat in their daily dietary options. This study focuses on the potential for improving diets with locally produced nutritious legumes whilst increasing food security and income generation among smallholder farmers. Using bean species and varieties commercialised as dry legumes in the country, it sets out to characterize and compare the chemical properties of Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna spp. among the most commercialised dry legume groups in Mozambique. The principal component analysis showed a clear separation between Phaseolus and Vigna species in terms of proximate composition, whereas protein content was quite uniform in both groups. It concludes that the introduction of improved cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna species maize–legume intercropping benefits yield, diets and increases household income with limited and low-cost inputs while enhancing the resilience of smallholder farmers in vulnerable production systems affected by recurrent drought and the supply of legumes to urban informal markets.

Human–wildlife interactions (HWIs) occur in many rural African communities, with potential impacts on livelihood vulnerability. High livelihood vulnerability may force communities to employ strategies that increase the risk of negative HWIs, yet the extent to which HWIs drive or are driven by vulnerability is unclear. We hypothesized that more vulnerable households are more likely to be exposed to wildlife and experience negative interactions. To test this hypothesis, we calculated the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) of rural households in and around Quirimbas National Park (north-eastern Mozambique) and assessed whether there is a link between livelihood vulnerability and HWIs. We found a two-way association between LVI and HWIs, with more vulnerable households indeed taking greater risks and encountering wildlife when fetching water from rivers, whereas less vulnerable households tended not to employ strategies likely to increase wildlife encounters. We also observed that HWIs exert a strong effect on livelihood vulnerability, suggesting that HWIs should be included as an exposure factor in vulnerability assessments for rural households. We recommend that livelihood strategies and community vulnerability should be considered when designing HWI mitigation schemes and implementing conservation measures.

The relative body size at which predators are willing to attack prey, a key trait for predator-prey interactions, is usually considered invariant. However, this ratio can vary widely among individuals or populations. Identifying the range and origin of such variation is key to understanding the strength and constraints on selection in both predators and prey. Still, these sources of variation remain largely unknown. We filled this gap by measuring the genetic, maternal and environmental variation of the maximum prey-to-predator size ratio (PPSRmax) in juveniles of the wolf spider Lycosa fasciiventris using a paternal half-sib split-brood design, in which each male was paired with two females and the offspring reared in two food environments: poor and rich. Each juvenile spider was then sequentially offered crickets of decreasing size and the maximum prey size killed was determined. We also measured body size and body condition of spiders upon emergence and just before the trial. We found low, but significant heritability (h2 = 0.069) and dominance and common environmental variance (d2 + 4c2 = 0.056). PPSRmax was also partially explained by body condition (during trial) but there was no effect of the rearing food environment. Finally, a maternal correlation between body size early in life and PPSRmax indicated that offspring born larger were less predisposed to feed on larger prey later in life. Therefore, PPSRmax, a central trait in ecosystems, can vary widely and this variation is due to different sources, with important consequences for changes in this trait in the short and long terms.

Human–wildlife interactions (HWIs) occur in many rural African communities, with potential impacts on livelihood vulnerability. High livelihood vulnerability may force communities to employ strategies that increase the risk of negative HWIs, yet the extent to which HWIs drive or are driven by vulnerability is unclear. We hypothesized that more vulnerable households are more likely to be exposed to wildlife and experience negative interactions. To test this hypothesis, we calculated the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) of rural households in and around Quirimbas National Park (north-eastern Mozambique) and assessed whether there is a link between livelihood vulnerability and HWIs. We found a two-way association between LVI and HWIs, with more vulnerable households indeed taking greater risks and encountering wildlife when fetching water from rivers, whereas less vulnerable households tended not to employ strategies likely to increase wildlife encounters. We also observed that HWIs exert a strong effect on livelihood vulnerability, suggesting that HWIs should be included as an exposure factor in vulnerability assessments for rural households. We recommend that livelihood strategies and community vulnerability should be considered when designing HWI mitigation schemes and implementing conservation measures.

Aims The Iberian oak wood-pastures are unique agroforestry systems supporting high levels of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Small rocky outcrops are geological features commonly found in these systems and constitute biodiversity reservoirs, protecting sensitive species from grazing and farming activities. We aimed to assess the relevance of including rocky outcrop conservation within wood-pastures to increase biodiversity. To achieve this goal, we study the plant communities occurring within the outcrops and in the wood-pasture matrix to evaluate the impact of rocky outcrops on the overall plant taxonomic and functional diversities of these systems. Location Montemor-o-Novo (Alentejo, Portugal). Methods We sampled 102 plant communities occurring in outcrops and in the adjacent wood-pasture matrix and analysed alpha, beta, gamma and functional diversities. We identified the main intrinsic factors affecting outcrop plant composition and their functional groups using Linear (LM) and Generalised Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) and characterised the effect of outcrop size throughout Generalised Additive Models (GAMs). Results We found plant richness to be similar in wood-pasture matrix and outcrops. However, beta diversity analysis revealed a high species turnover between both communities. Functional indices indicated a higher plant functional diversity in outcrops and trait analyses identified three functional groups dissimilarly distributed in both communities: i) perturbation and stress-sensitive plants, with outcrops constituting an important refuge for this group, and ii) grazing-tolerant and iii) weedy herbs dominating the wood-pastures. Finally, we also found increased plant richness in outcrops with a higher length of their minor axis, i.e. wider outcrops, and higher rock cover area. Conclusions Our results indicate that the presence of small rocky outcrops in evergreen oak wood-pastures highly increase their gamma and functional diversities. Consequently, outcrop protection strongly impacts overall wood-pasture biodiversity and underline the suitability of including outcrop conservation as a cost-effective solution capable of increasing biodiversity in these agroforestry systems.

In Mozambique (South-eastern Africa), Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna spp. are important staple foods and a major source of dietary protein for local populations, particularly for people living in rural areas who lack the financial capacity to include meat in their daily dietary options. This study focuses on the potential for improving diets with locally produced nutritious legumes whilst increasing food security and income generation among smallholder farmers. Using bean species and varieties commercialised as dry legumes in the country, it sets out to characterize and compare the chemical properties of Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna spp. among the most commercialised dry legume groups in Mozambique. The principal component analysis showed a clear separation between Phaseolus and Vigna species in terms of proximate composition, whereas protein content was quite uniform in both groups. It concludes that the introduction of improved cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna species maize–legume intercropping benefits yield, diets and increases household income with limited and low-cost inputs while enhancing the resilience of smallholder farmers in vulnerable production systems affected by recurrent drought and the supply of legumes to urban informal markets.

O presente estudo exploratório tem como finalidades: 1) analisar a relação entre a diferenciação do Self e a percepção do ambiente familiar, 2) investigar as diferenças entre as dimensões da diferenciação do Self dos pais e dos filhos adolescentes, e 3) verificar a existência de diferenças nas dimensões da diferenciação do Self, em função do sexo e do grupo etário dos filhos adolescentes. A investigação é composta por duas amostras: pais com filhos adolescentes e filhos adolescentes, de famílias nucleares intactas com filhos adolescentes entre os 15 aos 19 anos. A amostra de pais é constituída por 189 indivíduos e a amostra de filhos adolescentes é constituída por 333 indivíduos. A análise dos resultados foi realizada com recurso ao software PASW Statistics 18.0 for Windows, tendo-se concluído que: a) o Ambiente Familiar relaciona-se positivamente com as dimensões Fusão com Outros e Posição do Eu e negativamente com as dimensões Corte Emocional e Reactividade Emocional, na amostra dos adolescentes; b) o Ambiente Familiar relaciona-se negativamente com as dimensões Corte Emocional e Reactividade Emocional, na amostra dos pais com filhos adolescentes; c) existe uma diferença significativa na dimensão Fusão com Outros, quando comparadas as dimensões da diferenciação do Self dos pais com a dos filhos; d) existem diferenças significativas nas dimensões Reactividade Emocional, Fusão com Outros e Posição do Eu, em função do sexo, na amostra dos pais; e) existem diferenças significativas nas dimensões Reactividade Emocional e Posição do Eu, em função do sexo, na amostra dos filhos adolescentes; e f) existe uma diferença significativa na dimensão Fusão com Outros, em função dos grupos etários dos adolescentes.

In Southern Angola, numerous non-woody forest products are sold at local markets, namely in Lubango (Huíla Province). Such is the case of herbaceous wild plants, locally known as lombi, which are sold fresh throughout the year and cooked as a vegetable. Although these wild leafy vegetables are commercialized and widely used in local food, there is still a lack of scientific knowledge about their properties. Thus, this study aimed to identify and characterize the species sold, and to determine their nutritional and functional properties. Our results revealed that three species—Amaranthus hybridus, Bidens pilosa, and Galinsoga parviflora—are usually sold at Lubango markets and consumed by local populations. These are annual exotic plants, native to Southern America, and usually occur spontaneously in croplands or disturbed areas, but can also be cultivated, particularly A. hybridus. Physico-chemical analyses of lombi species and mixtures sold at the markets included measurements of moisture, protein, lipid, and mineral content, as well as total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and levels of heavymetal contaminants. The results revealed that lombi contain a significant amount of protein (20–28 g/100 g, dry basis), high values of macronutrients and micronutrients, as well as of phenolic compounds (10–40mg GAE/g) and a good antioxidant capacity. Given the availability of lombi throughout the year, our study demonstrated the importance of wild edible plants in Angola, both as a valuable natural resources and as a complementary food sources, as well as additional sources of income for many families.

Invasive species are a major threat to island biodiversity, and their eradications have substantially contributed to the conservation of island endemics. However, the consequences of eradications on the trophic ecology of native taxa are largely unexplored. Here, we used the eradication of invasive black rats Rattus rattus and European rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus from the Berlenga Island, in the western coast of Portugal, as a whole-ecosystem experiment to investigate the effects of the eradication of invasive mammals on the trophic niche and body dimensions of the island-restricted Berlenga wall lizard Podarcis carbonelli berlengensis over a 2-year period. Our results suggest an expansion of the isotopic niche and an intensification of the sexual dimorphism of the lizard following mammal eradication. Additionally, we found considerable variability in isotopic niche across the island and detected evidence of sex-specific and season-modulated nutritional requirements of this threatened reptile. Our findings support that the eradication of 2 of the planets most problematic invasive vertebrates led to changes in the lizard trophic niche and sexual dimorphism in just 2 years. This suggests that the ecological pressuresfor example, prey availability and habitat structureto which lizards are exposed have substantially changed post-eradication. Our study emphasizes the scientific value of island eradications as experiments to address a wide range of ecological questions and adds to the increasing body of evidence supporting substantial conservation gains associated with these restoration interventions.

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A partir do acervo epistolográfico produzido pelos Jesuítas da missão portuguesa da China, deduzem-se os elementos essenciais da história, da sociedade, da organização política, da cultura, dos costumes e da mentalidade que foram transmitidos à Europa e contribuíram para a formação da imagem concreta e objectiva desse imenso território até então, segundo se pensava, mergulhado num isolamento lendário. Em sentido inverso, evidencia-se a translação, da Europa para a China, de conhecimentos científicos, artísticos e tecnológicos. Dar-se-á especial relevo, como promessa de abertura mútua entre a China e a Europa, à viagem de uma embaixada chinesa a Nerchink nos confins da Moscóvia, onde foi assinado o tratado de paz sino-russo, de que foi intermediário e intérprete o Padre Tomás Pereira.