Repositório RCAAP

Brazil is the second largest producer of pineapple in the world. Pulp is the part of the fruit that is normally consumed, whereas the stalk and the bark are considered waste of it’s processing, not being properly utilized by the industries. The objective of this work was to dehydrate the pineapple peel in the form of slices with a length of 15 cm and a width of 8 cm in an oven with forced air circulation at temperatures of 75 and 85 °C and adjust the mathematical models of Henderson and Pabis, Page, Thompson, Diffusion Approximation, Midilli and Two Terms to the experimental data. The coefficient of determination, the mean square deviation and the random distribution of the residuals were used as the criterion for evaluating the adjustment of the mathematical models. The pineapple bark with initial water content of 87.73% b.u had a final water content of 10.67% b.u at 75 °C and 9.05% at 85 °C, with an average reduction of 88, 76% of the initial water content of the study material. It was found that samples submitted to dewatering at 75 °C required a longer time to reach the equilibrium water content compared to dehydrated samples at a temperature of 85 °C. Among the models studied, the Page of diffusion approximation and Midilli presented the highest coefficients of determination (R²> 0.998) and the smallest mean squared deviations (DQM <0.02), however, the Page model was The only one with random distribution of the residues at all temperatures studied, resulting in the best fit to the experimental data of pineapple bark drying.

Objetivou-se avaliar a concentração de potássio, sódio e a produção na mamoneira cv. BRS Energia, em função da irrigação com águas salinizadas e adubação nitrogenada nas diferentes fases fenológicas, em experimento conduzido em lisímetros de drenagem sob condições de campo no Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, arranjados em esquema fatorial 5x2x2, constituídos pela combinação de cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação - CEa (0,3; 1,2; 2,1; 3,0 e 3,9 dS m-1), duas doses de nitrogênio-DN (100 e 160 mg  kg-1 de solo) e duas fases fenológicas (vegetativa e formação da produção - floração e frutificação). A concentração de potássio e sódio nas folhas, caule e raízes da cv. BRS Energia foram mensuradas aos 120 dias após o semeio. O aumento dos níveis de salinidade da água elevou a concentração de sódio nas folhas, caule e raízes, sendo o efeito variável de acordo com os estádios de desenvolvimento. A maior concentração de K+ nas folhas, caule e raízes foi obtida quando se irrigou com água de CEa de 0,3; 1,8 e 0,3 dS m-1 respectivamente. Os diferentes níveis de CEa afeta de forma negativa a produção, independente da fase de desenvolvimento. Doses crescentes de N e a interação entre os fatores estudados não interferiram sobre a concentração de K+ e Na+ em nenhuma parte avaliada.Irrigation strategies with salt waters and nitrogen fertilization in plant castor beanAbstract: Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of potassium and sodium in the castor bean cv. BRS Energia as a function of irrigation water salinity and nitrogen fertilization in different phenological phases in an experiment conducted in drainage lysimeters under field conditions, at the Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. The experimental design was in a randomized block with 20 treatments arranged in a factorial 5 x 2 x 2, constituted by the combination of five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.3, 1.2, 2, 1, 3.0 and 3.9 dS m-1), two nitrogen doses-DN (100 and 160 mg kg-1 of soil) and two phenological stages (vegetative and formation of production - flowering and fruiting). The concentration of sodium and potassium in the leaves, stem and roots of cv. Energia BRS were measured at 120 days after sowing. The increased levels of salinity increased the sodium concentration in the leaves, stems and roots, and the effect varied according to the developmental stages. The highest concentration of K+ in the leaves, stem and roots was obtained when irrigated with water of ECw of 0.3, 1.8 and 0.3 dS m-1 respectively. The different levels of ECw negatively affect the production, independent of the development phase; Increasing doses of N and the interaction between the factors studied did not interfere in the concentration of K+ and Na+ in any part.

The Atlantic Forest is currently the most threatened biome due to various anthropogenic pressures. The destruction of habitats linked to fragmentation causes serious consequences for any type of vegetation, especially in the Atlantic Forest in the Northeast of Brazil. The angico, Anadenanthera colubrina, Fabaceae, is an arboreal species with a height of 12-15 m. The study aimed to understand the natural regeneration and evaluate the recruitment of seedlings, occurring in a forest fragment of the Centro de Ciências Humanas, Sociais e Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. We selected a population of A. colubrina and 10 random plots (10x10m) were plotted, with a total sample area of 1,000m2, where all copies of angico less than or equal to 0.30 cm were marked. The study was conducted between the months of December 2014 and July 2015, It was evaluated, height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of individuals and mortality. The variables set to the linear, quadratic, and cubic regression model. Regarding the mortality rate was 85.45%. Some plots because of its location, or, less human action or competitive, showed an increase in the total number of individuals. The perpetuation of this species in the studied fragment depends mainly on appropriate conditions for seed germination as soon as dispersed and the presence of young plants that occur in the forest understory.

The objectives of the sustainable development of the United Nations seek to integrate well-being, poverty reduction and efficient use of natural resources into the notion of economic development. The Triple Bottom Line (TBL) is a parameterized model that proposes the dimensioning of sustainability in the social, economic and environmental dimensions and that can be applied in the evaluation of organizations and municipalities. This article establishes a ranking of fifteen municipalities in the Northeast region for their level of sustainability, using sixteen indicators of actions, activities and public policies aligned with the ODS and from the perspective of the TBL. Each municipality was evaluated in relation to all indicators by the Probabilistic Composition of Preferences (CPP), a multicriteria decision support method. The results demonstrated that the social and economic perspectives involve environmental impacts that can compromise the sustainability of municipalities and that good performance in only one dimension is not enough to express sustainability, reinforcing the importance of sustainable development approach to economic growth.

The objective was to characterize the regenerating stratum of a Dense Ombrophilous Lowland Forest fragment, through evaluations of richness, structure and diversity. A total of 40 plots of 25 m² (5 m x 5 m) were allocated to estimate the natural regeneration rates per species for each class of plant size (RNC), in order to obtain the total natural regeneration index (RNT). The analysis was performed with individuals with CAP ≤ 15.0 cm and height equal or superior to 1.0 m. The height classes were pre-determined, where: C1 = 1.0 m-2.0 m; C2 = 2.1 m-3.0 m; C3 = > 3.0 m. We sampled 1197 individuals distributed in 81 species, 31 families and 51 genera. The Fabaceae family was richer, followed by Melastomataceae and Myrtaceae. The species Protium heptaphyllum was highlighted with the highest value of importance (VI), presenting 14.64% of the total of VI. The species that presented the greatest RNTs were: Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand, Thyrsodium spruceanum Benth., Eschweilera ovata (Cambess.) Miers e Brosimum guianense (Aubl.) Huber. In relation to the successional classification, there was a predominance of the species of beginning of succession, proving the young condition of the forest. The results show that the studied fragment presents a good regeneration capacity, allowing greater richness and diversity of species of the adult tree stratum in the long term.

The high temperature and solar radiation of the tropical regions can burn and reduce the fruits size of the pineapple. An alternative to the farmers of this crop is the shading of the plants, providing the climatic conditioning. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the different shade conditions in the chlorophyll content and morpho-anatomy of pineapple leaves on fruit production. shading on the chlorophyll content, leaf morphology and anatomy, and pineapple productivity. The experiment was conducted in field and was of a randomized block design with four replicates of five treatments comprising 0% shading (pineapples grown in full sunlight), 45.0% shading (provided by adjacent cassava plants), 48.3% shading (provided by adjacent jack bean plants), and 30 and 50% shading (provided by shade netting). The anatomical, histological and biochemical characteristics of the leaves, along with the yield and percentage of sunburned fruits, were determined 16 months after planting the pineapples. Pineapples grown under natural shade provided by cassava or jack bean plants exhibited phenotypic plasticity with “D” leaves presenting trichomes of decreased length and vessel elements of reduced diameter. Under cassava shading, the thicknesses of the abaxial epidermis and chlorophyll parenchyma and stomatal density were increased, while the thickness of the aquiferous hypodermis and the percentage of sunburned fruits were reduced. Under jack bean shading, the thicknesses of the mesophyll, chlorophyll parenchyma and leaf blade were reduced. No significant differences in the yield of pineapple fruit were detected between treatments, although netting and shading by cassava produced significant reductions of sunburned fruit.

The intense evaporation, drainage deficiency and inadequate use of fertilizers have increased problems with salinity, causing losses in crop yields. It was aimed to evaluate the yield and quality of muskmelon plants due to the priming of seed and levels of water salinity. The experiment was conducted in split type 4 x 2 plots allocated in a randomized block design with four replications. The plot consisted of 4 irrigation water salinity levels (0.3, 1.0, 1.7 and 2.4 dS m-1) and sub plots of plants from seed treated and not treated with saline NaCl. It was evaluated the characteristics related to production and quality of melon fruit. The cultivar used was the Rangers of the Cantaloupe group planted in the spacing of 2.0 x 0.4 m. The priming of the seeds NaCl solution affected the melon yield components in the fruit mass was higher in plants originated from seeds treated with NaCl. In the formation of productivity, she became apparent the fruit mass contributed more than the number of fruit per plant and this difference was significant only under low water salinity of 0.3 dS m-1. The quality of the melon fruit was not affected by seed priming with NaCl and plants irrigated with saline water of 2.4 dS m-1 reduced their production and fruit quality of melon.

The polyculture systems guarantees food to small farmers, would ensure sustainable agriculture, high productivity per unit area and lessen the natural risks of agriculture. Within this context the objective of this study was to evaluate the production cost and profitability of an organic polyculture system comprising passion fruit, maize, pineapple and cassava in association with the cover crops. This research was carried out at the Seridó Ecological Farm,  in the Municipality of Rio Branco, Acre State, from 2009 to 2011, in the completely randomized block design in a split plot arrangement with three repetitions and comprised plots containing passion fruit supported by espaliers located 3 m or 4 m apart. Plots were divided into subplots containing the cover crops jack-bean, crotalaria, tropical kudzu, peanut forage or spontaneous plants (treatments), and maize. The pineapple and cassava were planted between the espaliers. The effects of different cover crops were not so evident in plots with 3 m-spaced espaliers (P < 0.05) which increased productivity and production cost, providing a lower cost benefit ratio. The organic polyculture of passion fruit with pineapple, maize and cass in plots with 4 m-spaced espaliers, with the soil covered by jack bean increased total and net revenue, cost benefit ratio and economic feasibility.

In the midst of the country's water emergency, mainly in the northeastern backwoods, the water mains are consecrated as an effective means of transportation of water. The soil is widely exploited in the constructions one of the most influential corrosive means of the mains. Corrosion can cause cracks and ruptures of built structures causing economic and environmental damage. Aiming to prevent such incidents, the objective was the soil corrosivity was evaluated and the loss of mass in ductile cast iron pipes was monitored under the action of the soil. In the soil chemical analyzes, pH, Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Al, H, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC) were calculated and the sum of bases (CTC), percentage of saturation by aluminum (m%) and percentage of saturation by bases (V%). For soil corrosivity the Steinrath index was used, being analyzed pH, moisture content, resistivity, chloride and sulfate ions. The ductile iron tube mass loss tests were performed using soil samples as a corrosive medium, monitoring temperature, resistivity, and loss of mass by corrosion. The results showed that the soils are not very corrosive and the duct presents good resistance to corrosion, although they present loss of mass throughout the period of the use. It is possible to conclude that the soil in contact with the water transport ducts presents low aggressiveness.

The temperature oscillation, provoked by the climatic changes, has been affecting the agriculture in several points of agricultural areas, with that, it is necessary to carry out studies on the adaptability of the crops to a wide range of temperature. Thus, the objective of the study was to verify the efficiency of the germination and initial establishment of chilli pepper seedlings submitted to sub and supra optimal temperatures. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized experimental design, in a factorial scheme consisting of one species and three temperatures (15 ° C, 25 ° C and 35 ° C). The seeds were submitted to germination tests, under a photoperiod of 12 hours for 14 days, together with first germination count, germination speed index, seedling length, total dry mass, electrical conductivity, respiratory activity and imbibition curve under the temperatures of 15, 25 and 35 °C. The temperature of 25 ° C presented superiority to the other treatments in all variables tested. At temperatures of 15 and 35 ° C, germination was completely inhibited. Tests such as those performed in the present study are efficient for the determination of seed viability in different temperature ranges.

A espécie Artocarpus altilis produz frutos popularmente conhecidos como fruta-pão. São climatéricos e contribuem com quantidades consideráveis de energia e fornecer os principais nutrientes da dieta. Podem ser consumidos cozidos, fritos ou torrados e em processos tecnológicos tendo potencial para ser empregados em biscoitos e comercializados como farinha. Na literatura são poucos os trabalhos que relatem as características desses frutos, principalmente da região Nordeste. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar a biometria e as características físico-químicas da fruta-pão coletada no município de Santa Rita, Paraíba, Brasil. Foram selecionados 30 frutos firmes em 3 estádios de maturação, com pedúnculo, casca verde e amarelada, látex presente e livres de lesões. Os frutos apresentaram em média diâmetro externo transversal e diâmetro externo longitudinal de 15,98 (± 0,12) e 13,11 (± 0,13) cm, respectivamente, bem como massa média de 1,52 (± 0,06) Kg e firmeza de 66,80 (± 1,13) N. Quanto a composição centesimal apresentou valores de umidade, cinzas, proteína, lipídeos e carboidrato de 68,76% (± 0,02), 0,61% (± 0,01), 1,73 ± (0,00), 0,55% (± 0,01) e 28,35%, respectivamente, valor energético 125,27 Kcal, teor de amido de 24,68% (± 0,39), °Brix 2,01 (± 0,01), pH 6,4 (±0,01), fenólicos 0,023% (± 0,02) de ácido tânico e Aw 0,993 (± 0,00). De acordo com os resultados das físico-químicas, os frutos estudados apresentaram grande potencial para serem explorados comercialmente pela indústria de alimentos.Biometrics and physical-chemical characteristics of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis)Abstract: The species Artocarpus altilis produces fruits popularly known as breadfruit. They are climacteric and contribute considerable amounts of energy and provide the main nutrients in the diet. They can be consumed cooked, fried or roasted and in technological processes having potential to be used in cookies and marketed as flour. In the literature, there are few studies that report the characteristics of these fruits, mainly in the Northeast region. In this way, the objective was to evaluate the biometry and the physicochemical characteristics of the breadfruit collected in the municipality of Santa Rita, Paraíba, Brazil. 30 firm fruits were selected in 3 maturation stages, with peduncle, green and yellow peel, and latex present and free of lesions. The fruits had a mean transversal external diameter and a longitudinal external diameter of 15,98 (± 0,12) and 13,11 (± 0,13) cm, respectively, as well as a mean mass of 1,52 (± 0,06) Kg and firmness of 66,80 (± 1,13) N. The centesimal composition presented values of moisture, ashes, protein, lipids and carbohydrate of 68,76% (± 0,02), 0,61% (± 0,01) , 1,73 (0,00), 0,55% (± 0,01) and 28,35%, respectively, energy value 125,27 Kcal, starch content of 24,68% (± 0,39) , 39), Brix 2,01 (± 0,01), pH 6,4 (± 0,01), phenolics 0,023% (± 0,02) tannic acid and Aw 0,993 (± 0,00). According to the physicochemical results, the fruits studied presented great potential to be commercially exploited by the food industry.

The objective of this work was to evaluate alternative substrates in the quality of seedlings and in the productivity of chicory in organic cultivation. The experiment conducted in two phases: plant nursery and field, in June 2016. The experimental field is located at Seridó Ecological farm, in Rio Branco, Acre. The experimental design was a randomized block with five treatments and four replications. The treatments constituted by the Golden commercial substrate used as control and by four other alternative substrates: soil (30%), organic compound (30%); Soil conditioner (30%), coal (10%), natural thermophosphate (1.5 kg m-3), dolomitic limestone (1.0 kg m-3) and potassium sulphate (1.0 kg m-3). What differentiated them was the substitution of the conditioner: Carbonized rice husk; Coconut fiber; Fiber of the stem of ouricurí palm (Attalea phalerata) or Cork decomposed of kapok (Ceiba pentandra). The cultivar used was Sugar loaf. At 22 days after sowing, the seedlings evaluated to obtain the quality index and at 60 days after transplanting to the field the total fresh mass, commercial, total dry, commercial and total and commercial productivity were evaluated. The substrates containing kapok and coconut fiber had better performance for root dry mass and Dickson quality index in the seedlings phase, total fresh mass, total and commercial dry mass and total field productivity.

The production of cheeses from goat's milk comes up as an alternative to value added to dairy goat in the Cariri Paraíba, and cumaru (Amburana cearensis A.C. Smith), more specifically, its coarser, may be added to cheeses for the purpose of Sensory characteristics of different color, flavor and aroma. The present study aimed to standardize the process of elaboration of goat milk cheese seasoned with cumaru, in an agroindustry located in the city of Santo André - PB. The cumaru flour was submitted to the analysis of alcoholic extract, moisture, ash, insoluble ash, water activity and standardization of particle size.  The microbiological quality of the farina was verified through the analysis of total and long term coliforms and Salmonella sp. The elaborated cheeses were evaluated for their chemical and microbiological composition. After the standardization of the steps of obtaining the farina and cheese, it was possible to obtain a product with microbiological quality within the sanitary standards required by Brazilian legislation. The moisture and fat tenor are in accordance with the Technical Regulation on the Identity and Quality of Dairy Products, and the values found for the other parameters corroborate with those recommended in the literature. Therefore, the results obtained demonstrate the potential for increased consumption and the feasibility of cheese production.

A interferência das plantas daninhas, afeta os parâmetros de fisiológicos da cultura do feijão-caupi, com reflexo direto no crescimento e na produtividade. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a atuação de métodos de controle das plantas daninhas na cultura do feijão-caupi, identificando o mais eficiente, por meio do acompanhamento dos componentes de crescimento, sendo estes compostos de altura (cm), número de folhas, diâmetro do caule (mm) e os aspectos fisiológicos da cultura, pela coleta de dados da taxa de assimilação de CO2 (μmol m-2 s-1), transpiração (mmol de H2O m-2 s-1), condutância estomática (mol de H2O m-2 s-1) e concentração interna de CO2, com um analisador de gás infravermelho . O experimento foi realizado em condições de campo no Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus Pombal, Paraíba. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com oito tratamentos e quatro repetições em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo os fatores: dois cultivares de feijão-caupi (BRS Marataoã e BRS Rouxinol) e quatro manejos das plantas daninhas (mecânico, químico, físico e sem controle). Os manejos químico, mecânico e físico, mostram-se superiores nos componentes de crescimento, não afetando tais características, sendo as trocas gasosas severamente afetadas.Physiological performance and growth of cowpea under weed managementAbstract: The interference of weeds affects the physiological parameters of cowpea culture, with direct reflection on growth and productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of different weed control methods in cowpea culture in order to identify the most efficient by monitoring the growth components, being these compounds of height (cm), number of leaves and diameter of the stem (mm) and the physiological aspects of the culture, by collecting data: CO2 assimilation rate (μmol m-2 s-1), transpiration (mmol H2O m-2 s-1), Stomatal conductance (mol of H2O m-2 s-1) and internal CO2 concentration, with an infrared gas analyzer. The experiment was accomplished under field conditions at the Center for Agro-Food Science and Technology of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus Pombal, Paraíba . The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and four replications in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, being these factors: two cultivars of cowpea (BRS Marataoã and BRS Rouxinol) and four weed management (mechanical, chemical , Physical and uncontrolled). Chemical, mechanical and physical management are shown to be superior in the growth components, not affecting these characteristics, being the gas exchanges severely affected.

In sowing cowpea's cultivation, adverse factors such as water stress may adversely affect the establishment of the stand . In this sense, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the germination of seeds of two varieties of cowpea under the influence of different levels of available water in the soil. The experiment was conducted under plastic tunnel conditions the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus de Pombal, Paraíba, adopting the experimental randomized block design with the treatments distributed in factorial arrangement 4 x 2, corresponding to four levels of available water (40, 60, 80 and 100%) and two varieties of cowpea (BRS Pujante and Costela de vaca), with three repetitions. They were evaluated: First Emergency Count, emergency speed index and emergency percentage. The levels of available water in the soil of 40 and 60% Water available are limiting in the initial development stage of the cowpea, reducing the emergence of both varieties studied. The level of 80% of available water in the soil is satisfactory the emergence of the cowpea plants, regardless of the variety. The costela de vaca variety obtained higher percentages of emergence and greater vigor under water stress conditions, than the BRS Pujante variety.

A disponibilidade e usos da água na região Nordeste do Brasil, particularmente na região semiárida, continuam a ser uma questão importante no que concerne ao seu desenvolvimento. A população sofre com graves problemas acarretados pela escassez de água, que inviabilizam a produção agrícola e, consequentemente, a sobrevivência em condições dignas, gerando situações de fome e miséria. Objetivou-se identificar os efeitos da escassez hídrica na economia do perímetro irrigado de São Gonçalo no município de Sousa, Paraíba no período de 2012 a 2016. O trabalho foi desenvolvido através da aplicação de questionários com prévio consentimento da população entrevistada residente nos três núcleos habitacionais e no distrito de São Gonçalo. Também foram realizadas visitas ao Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas e à Agência Executiva de Gestão das Águas do Estado da Paraíba, para coleta de dados sobre a economia do perímetro, informações sobre produção e volumes do açude São Gonçalo. Ocorreram perdas com a produção de banana e, principalmente, de coco; aumentou o desemprego; logo, elevou-se o êxodo rural e a violência com alto índice de assaltos. A vulnerabilidade hídrica desencadeia outras vulnerabilidades: econômicas, sociais e ambientais, condicionando o desenvolvimento das populações do semiárido.Effects of water scarcity on the irrigated perimeter of São Gonçalo, ParaíbaAbstract: The availability and uses of water in the northeastern region of Brazil, particularly in the semi-arid region, continue to be an important issue in its development. The population suffers from serious problems caused by water scarcity, which makes agricultural production unviable and, consequently, survival in dignified conditions, generating situations of hunger and misery. The objective was to identify the effects of water scarcity on the economics of the irrigated perimeter of São Gonçalo in the municipality of Sousa, Paraíba, between 2012 and 2016. The work was developed through the application of questionnaires with prior consent of the interviewed population residing in the housing nuclei I, II and III and in the district of São Gonçalo. Visits were also made to the National Department of Works Against Drought and to the Executive Agency for Water Management of the State of Paraíba, to collect data on the perimeter economy, information on production and volumes of the São Gonçalo dam. There were losses with the production of banana and, mainly, of coconut; Increased unemployment; Soon the rural exodus and the violence with a high rate of assaults rose. Water vulnerability triggers other vulnerabilities: economic, social and environmental, conditioning the development of semi-arid populations.

The “Polígono das Secas” is a region in the Northeast of Brazil that stands out by its low precipitation, high temperatures, and dry climate. Geoprocessing and the remote sensing techniques used in this research demonstrate the effectiveness for the monitoring of environmental resources. The objective of this work was to use the normalized difference water index (NDWI) in a comparative analysis of the reduction of the water surface area of the dry periods, November 2009 and December 2016, of the Capoeira Reservoir using images from the Landsat 5 TM satellite and Landsat 8 OLI, respectively. The results showed high values of NDWI in 2009, corresponding to La Niña period, with high precipitation and overflow of reservoirs. NDWI values in 2016 were low due to the low precipitations typical of El Niño periods. NDWI can be used to detect and monitor the presence of water and is an excellent tool to assist water monitoring agencies through the monitoring of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs in regions as the northeastern of Brazil.Análise temporal do volume de água da Barragem Capoeira, Município de Mãe d’Água, ParaíbaResumo: O Polígono da Seca é uma região no Nordeste que se destaca por apresentar baixa precipitação, altas temperaturas e clima seco. As ferramentas do geoprocessamento e as técnicas de sensoriamento remoto podem ser utilizadas para demonstrarem a efetividade para o monitoramento de recursos ambientais. O objetivo foi utilizar o índice de diferença normalizada da água (NDWI) em uma análise comparativa da redução da área do espelho d’água dos períodos seco, novembro de 2009 e dezembro de 2016 da barragem Capoeira a partir das imagens do satélite Landsat 5 TM e Landsat 8 OLI., obtidas no site do Serviço Geológico dos Estados Unidos (USGS. Os resultados da comparação entre os anos apresentam altos valores de NDWI em 2009, o que corresponde a um alto teor de água, pois neste ano ocorreu uma maior precipitação, enchendo todo o reservatório, já os valores de NDWI em 2016 foram baixos, devido à baixa precipitação, desta forma, não havendo o aumento do volume considerável. O NDWI pode ser usado para detectar e monitorar a presença de água, sendo uma excelente ferramenta para auxiliar órgão fiscalizadores de recursos hídricos através do monitoramento de rios, lagos e reservatórios das regiões bem como é o caso na região Nordeste.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the tuberous root characteristics of sweet potato clones using multivariate techniques for selection of superior genotypes, the present research was carried out in the Experimental area of the Plant Genetic Breeding Sector of the Agrarian Sciences Center of the Federal University of Alagoas (SMGP/CECA/UFAL). Were evaluated 44 new clones originated from progenies of half-siblings and germanic siblings, in addition to the cultivar Sergipana Vermelha, in lines of 5 m in length, spacing 1.0 mx 0.5 m, totaling a total area of 5 m²/clone. The harvest was done at 120 days after planting the branches, in which the production of non-commercial tuberous roots (PRTNC) was evaluated, production of commercial tuberous roots (PRTC), production of tuberous roots (PTRT), total number of tuberous roots (NTRT), average weight of commercial tuberous roots (PMRTC), predominant color of tuberous root skin (CPPERT) and predominant color of the tuberosal root pulp (CPPORT). Descriptive statistics, correlation technique and principal component analysis were used. It was observed that clones 23, 36, 17 and 37 presented interesting agronomic characteristics, being recommended for the cultivation and in the analysis of main components, the variables PTRT and PRTC presented greater importance, reflecting that they discriminate the clones satisfactorily.

Nos últimos anos, tem-se verificado um aumento da urbanização em muitas cidades brasileiras. Entretanto, a oferta dos serviços de saneamento básico não tem crescido na mesma proporção. Soma-se a isso as variações climáticas e a degradação ambiental. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se apresentar os principais problemas do saneamento ambiental na cidade de Pombal (PB), avaliando a relação desses com os problemas de saúde recorrentes na população. A execução desse trabalho seguiu as etapas de pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema, levantamento de dados primários e secundários, e finalmente, análise e discussão dos dados obtidos. Constatou-se, na área urbana, alguns problemas que contribuem para a degradação do ambiente e contaminação das águas do rio Piranhas, como o lançamento de esgoto doméstico sem tratamento e a disposição inadequada dos resíduos sólidos domésticos. Verificou-se que um maior número de internações ocorre justamente no período mais chuvoso, deixando claro a necessidade de investimento em saneamento básico. Os resultados obtidos atestam a relação entre a saúde pública, nível de saneamento básico, urbanização e conservação ambiental, não sendo possível pensar em ações que visem melhorar a saúde pública, sem pensar concomitantemente em ações de conservação ambiental e saneamento básico.Ontleding van sanitasie en openbare gesondheid in die Stad van Pombal, ParaíbaAbstract: In onlangse jare, daar is 'n toename van verstedeliking in baie Brasiliaanse stede. Egter die voorsiening van basiese sanitasie dienste dit nog gegroei teen dieselfde tempo. Voeg by dat die klimaat verander en omgewings agteruitgang. Op die bogenoemde, die doelwit van die aanbieding van die belangrikste probleme van omgewing sanitasie in die Stad van Pombal (PB), beoordeling van die verhouding van diegene met herhalende gesondheidsprobleme in die bevolking. Hierdie werk volg die stappe van bibliografiese navorsing oor die onderwerp, primêre en sekondêre data versameling, ontleding en bespreking van die data verkry. Dit was opgemerk, in die stedelike gebied, 'n paar probleme wat bydra tot omgewings agteruitgang en besoedeling van die waters van die rio Piranhas, soos die bekendstelling van huishoudelike riool sonder behandeling en onbehoorlike wegdoen van binnelandse vaste afval. Dit is gevind dat 'n groter getal van hospitaliserings kom juis in die wettest tydperk, maak duidelik die behoefte vir belegging in basiese sanitasie. Die resultate getuig van die verhouding tussen openbare gesondheid, basiese sanitasie, verstedeliking en Omgewingsbewaring, dit is nie moontlik om te dink van aksies gemik op die verbetering van openbare gesondheid, sonder denke by die dieselfde tyd in Omgewingsbewaring en sanitasie.

The rot Callosobruchusmaculatus (Fabr.) is considered the main pest of grains and stored seeds of cowpea-been, as it causes direct and indirect damages, which can lead to quantitative and qualitative losses, making commercialization or consumption impossible.To the control of this pest, synthetic insecticides we have been used, which over the years have caused many problems to human health and to the environment.Botanic insecticides have become a promising alternative in the control of pests on stored grains.The objective of this work was to evaluate the ovicidal and repellent activity of citronella, Cymbopogonnardus, on C. maculatus.In the confinement experiment, the insects were kept for 24 hours in a container containing 10g of cowpea beans cv. BRS Guariba with concentrations 1.0g; 0.1g; 0.01g; 0.001g of the powder of the referred species and witness (grain without dust), and in the repellency experiment, a six-way arena was used, where the insects had the possibility to choose between the grains with the tested concentrations or witness. The delimitationused was completely randomized with five replicates and five treatments for the two experiments.The concentration of 1.0g of the citronella powder presented ovicidal and repellent activity to C. maculatus, allowing, on average, a lower number of eggs laid and an unexpressive appearance of insects when compared to the other concentrations and control.