RCAAP Repository

The present study aimed to analyze the beekeeping in the State of Ceará focusing the honey production in the main municipal districts producing of the State, precisely making an analysis of the technological level employed in the production, as well as evaluating the profitability of the activity and the competitiveness in terms of efficiency of the producers, and finally the relationship of technological level and competitiveness. The research took place through collection of primary data through direct interviews with the producers in the municipal districts of Mombaça, Pacajús e Chorozinho – State of Ceará, during October 2002. To evaluate technological level, the honey production system was separated in five technologies: equipments, management, harvest, after-harvest and administration; then technological indexes were developed separately for each technology and for their group, based on the respective recommended technology, where the more close of the recommended technology, higher is the value of this index and, therefore better the technological level. The evaluation of the profitability was made by using the methodology of the Integrated System of Agricultural Costs - CUSTAGRI, and for competitiveness analysis it was used the efficiency indicators as prices and costs, and profitability indicators as operational profit and profitability index. To verify the relationship between the technological level and the competitiveness a simple regression it was used by the method of the Ordinary Square Minimum - MQO, where the competitiveness was analyzed as variable dependent of the technological level. The main obtained results shows that the technological level of honey production is considered good, and the technology of after-harvest presents better indexes, while in the technology of administration, was found the lowest indexes. Concerning to the profitability, the honey production is a profitable activity, involving low costs and could arrive high profitability indexes. The technological levels influence the competitiveness positively.

The County of Tauá is located in the region of Inhamuns in the State of Ceará,one of the areas most affected by impacts of periodic droughts, with their adverse influence on production and consequently on the farmers' quality of life.It is observed that,during climate crises, the communities have limiting defense mechanisms.It is supposed that the social capital,as a mechanism tat agglutinates and facilitates coordinated actions, strengthens the communities and reduces the vulnerability. This study intends to verify and analyze the importance of social and physical capital as a strategy of Lustal and Sítio Lagoa communities to live with droughts.For this purpose,a questionnaire containing a list of social capital variables was submitted to specialists to rank them.Out of this list the ten most frequent variables were selected. Following, in the Tauá County, technical specialists and rural agents experienced in these communities were asked to provide weight to social and physical capital variables. With this information, an Index was developed to show the importance of social capital in the reduction of vulnerability as well as the relative importance of social and physical capital in these communities. Te present work enabled the verification of the relevance of social and physical capital as decisive elements of the level of vulnerability of the communities of Lustal and Sítio Lagoa.

The philosophical and aesthetic ideas launched by Walter Benjamin in the period between the Great Wars were seminal for the interpretation of the role of arts and communication both in the 20th century, as in the present. The prognostic character of his ideas led to an exploration of the future technological environment that would arise in times of market economy and also makes us reflect on the possibilities of the technology be incorporated into the daily life of the poorest. From the identification of the advent of reproducibility, it see new horizons for the arts, launched democratic light on the reception of artistic activity, whose task should be given to the consumption of the masses. What we propose is to investigate the interference of digital cultural practices and production of imagery originating within urban communities on the outskirts of Fortaleza today's time where technology dominates all areas of their production in order to demonstrate the success of the critically Benjamin´s enterprise and understand the extent to which technology comes this production and its symbolic practices, encouraging it or not. To do this, trying update concepts, investigate the production of digital adolescents on the periphery, watching and listening to what young people are "saying" or "telling" through the digital image.

This research analyzes the movies 33(2003) and Filmefobia (2009), directed by Brazilian filmmaker Kiko Goifman. The movies were studied from their cinematographic perspective and narratives, seeking to indentify how act the appartus developed by the director and its relationship with the creative process. From an explanation about the concept of apparatus in cinema, is traced its relationship to contemporary Brazilian documentaries and narrative questions. Within these apparatus, it works also with the notion of criticism of the creative process, focusing on the analysis of the filming journals. Through analysis of the films, the aim is to understand how is the construction of the apparatus in the documentaries in question, their action parameters and their relationship with the creative process. This research works with the methodology of film analysis and criticism of the process.

Presenting as theme the filmography of 17 commercials full-length films of Spanish director Pedro Almodóvar, from “Pepi, Luci, Bom y otras chicas del montón”, 1980, to “Abraços partidos”, 2009, this paper intends to investigate how film sequences here nominated media situations assist the filmmaker in the narrative development of his productions. When identifying the frequency that the filmmaker approaches the mass media universe during his cinematographic trajectory, the intention is to understand in which way these media situations can interfere in the characters construction and generation of events in the films, as a narrative device. For this, the present research related theoretical studies on the media and the social communication to Almodovar's filmography, as the occurrence of fait divers in the press, analyzed by Barthes (1977), and Luhmann's systems theory (2005).

Our objective here is to analyze how is the relationship of public school teachers with the New Technologies of Information and Communication (NTIC) in their daily activities and what do they retain from them in their educational efforts. To do so, we selected from the application of 21 questionaires, 13 teachers whom were interviewed. These teachers were from two municipality public schools in the cities of Fortaleza and Maracanaú. The research has shown that these teachers perceive a significant change between their generation and that of the adolescent students, because of the new informational and communications technologies. These teachers also identified that their efforts at school is permeated by behavioral and structural problems and they consider the new technologies as influencing or enabling factors for many of these problems. Technology, today, has a constitutive dimension in the contemporary society, defined by Martin-Barbero as the “world-technicity”. This makes social spaces, such as the school, tense and with new meanings. We also noted, however, that the insertion of these NTICs in the school space is not processed in a passive way, where order and silence would prevail. Instead it integrates itself in an intense negotiation movement, with ruptures, distances and closures that, good or bad, have the potential to provoke a new elaboration of the space of the school. We categorize the TICs by the establishment of what we call the sensuous-relational experience which happens with the communicating subject, and therefore we define four levels of TIC: present, teleactive, interactive and immersive. Based on this definition, as we analyzed the space of the school, inside and out of it, we identified that there were profound differences that occurred in the insertion of the TICs in the life of teachers. We also identified that the dynamics developed with these new technologies articulate several interaction ways between teacher and student, even when it comes to the TIC analyzed. We therefore were able to conclude that the communication media are not the only defining factors of the educational experience developed inside the classroom. The way teachers understand the possibilities of the NTIC influences the communication flows in different senses and intensities operating in the classroom. The conditions that allow us to understand these possibilities are directly related to the comprehension that the teachers have their social aspects molded by the NTICs in the contemporaneous society, besides their own perceptions of the school and of education, this way having a deep understanding or not of these new ways of being in their own lives. We therefore came to the conclusion that there are two ways of interactions that involve the teachers with the TIC: the interaction by appropriation of the TIC and that by the use of the TIC. When the teacher appropriates the NTIC, he or she can perceive the changes made by the new technologies and, therefore, make these technologies their own, and their schooling environment’s also. In the case of interaction by use of the NTICs, teachers clearly develop a functionalist and technicist discourse for the use of these communications media in their educational practice, generally linked to the imagery appeal that they provoke in the students, or the instrumental enabling that they make possible in the content of studies, without exploring, in a broader way, their communicational possibilities.

This study revealed how five selected recipients (viewers) of the “Window TV” videos identified with the positive representations about the "resident of Pantanal" (a community originated in 1990, in the southern outskirts of Fortaleza - CE), presented in the audiovisual productions created under a project from the NGO Institute for Social Development (IDS). The videos of the project show, in general, a participative, hardworking resident, committed to a cause and therefore, victorious and happy, as opposed to the fictional violence and misery built by the mainstream media about the location. The goal of the “Window TV” is to improve the self-esteem of some three hundred people who watch the videos monthly on a screen set up on the street. The research aimed to understand a particular stage of the communication process (reception) through the concepts of the community, social representations and cultural identification. It has a qualitative dimension, and used the ethnography and in-depth interview as a methodological procedure; the Discourse analysis as a method of discourse analysis of the selected recipients and Cultural Studies as a theoretical perspective. Aspects such as the time in which the viewers arrived at the neighborhood, their life history and daily interactions with the community and its dwellers interfere with their identity building as a resident of the Pantanal and consequently, in the way they appropriate the representations of a resident presented by video. Even the more emphasized aspects brought by the videos, such as the fight history, can only get support from the receivers when they have themselves experienced the specific fact or learned it previously with the older residents, their living together with the community or family.

This dissertation investigates the constitution of senses of place to the Portugal square, in Fortaleza, Ceará, considering the experiences of young local goers on Saturday nights in 2008 and 2009. The analysis of uses to that space and the meanings created from individual and collective experiences considered interactions between the square and a online community of social network website orkut, called Praça Portugal. The zone of interaction was delineated by a cut set for this research, but is also considered a sign of a new condition of experience of space. The meetings in the online community Praça Portugal extended the experience of being together of young people who frequented the square in addition to face to face meeting on Saturdays. Living together in cyberspace represented the possibility of shifting social relations from local contexts for relationships established in other parameters of space and time. Observing the relationship between the customers themselves and with the space of square, was possible to identify, in 2008 and 2009, different senses of place to the Portugal square which has been attributed since the early 2000s: space for experiencing the freedom of action and expression; of conduct of parallel trade or barter of symbolic goods; confrontation with the diversity of styles associated with the consumption of symbolic goods; and stronger ties of friendship. From the viewpoint of the subjects, was found different ways to experience the senses of place collectively shared. The association between traditional and new possibilities of social interaction became possible to evidence the importance of communication processes for the establishment of links between subjects and spaces, so to set up places.

The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the mood chart in Rio tabloid‟s Pasquim. First, the intention is to tell the story of the first two years of the journal (1969-1970), in its political and cultural resistance to military dictatorship, contextualizing it from the analysis of some of his humorous images. The second proposal is - in a direct relationship with the first - to raise some of the topics covered by the newspaper during this period, starting from the various genres of humor employed by the weekly chart. The Pasquim was one of the main representatives, for over 20 years, of the Alternative Press in Brazil, through its editorial posture of reaction, political, cultural and ideological deployed with the military regime in 1964. Weekly cartoon humor that was in one of their languages the caricature, the Pasquim has made during this period of two decades, a critical political ally to another, cultural, which is devoted to call criticism of customs, within the context of the exception regime hardened in 1968.

Este estudo procurou analisar a floricultura no Estado do Ceará, enfocando a produção de helicônias nos principais municípios produtores do Estado, mais precisamente avaliando o nível tecnológico empregado na produção e a rentabilidade da atividade e competitividade, em termos de eficiência dos produtores. A pesquisa realizou-se por meio de coleta de dados primários obtidos de entrevistas diretas com produtores nos municípios que compõem as regiões metropolitana e maciço de Baturité, de acordo com o cadastro da Secretaria de Agricultura Irrigada-SEAGRI, no período de outubro de 2002. Na avaliação do nível tecnológico dividiu-se o sistema de produção de helicônia em sete tecnologias: propagação, uso dos solos, adubação, tratos culturais, cuidados fitossanitários, gestão, colheita e pós-colheita. Daí, foram desenvolvidos índices tecnológicos para cada uma separadamente e para o conjunto delas, com base na respectiva tecnologia recomendada. Na avaliação da rentabilidade utilizou-se a metodologia do Sistema Integrado de Custos Agropecuários – CUSTAGRI e, na análise da competitividade, utilizaram-se os indicadores de eficiência como preços e custos e índice de lucratividade. Os principais resultados obtidos mostram que o nível tecnológico dos produtores de helicônia é considerado bom; a tecnologia de uso dos solos apresenta melhores índices; enquanto na tecnologia de cuidados fitossanitários foram encontrados os mais baixos índices. No que se refere à rentabilidade, a produção de helicônia é uma atividade rentável, visto que se constitui de baixos custos e pode chegar a altos índices de lucratividade.

Is about the importance of the handicraft for the comunities, specially the one investigated at Itapajé-CE. The results - obtained through the comparison between the bibliography search, the study data, the registration, and the field research - show the importance of the handicraft for the domestic budget, improving the family comfort. This investigation emphasize the handicraft as a promiser acitivity, that fills the familiar agriculture budget. The results also reflect important advances in the craftswoman quality life, specially at the consumption, education, health, culture, tradition and criativity. All of this elements above mentioned are important for the human progress at Itapajé. The results indicate the handicraft activity as an important socioeconomic tool, that could be useful for relief the income concentration, the social inequality and be applied in social public politics programs.

In the present study, we work with evolution of Brazilian fruit-growing competitivity in international market from 1990 to 2003, adopting as theoretical basis the international trade models and the competitivity concept. To this analysis we searched the primary exported products as well as the most important bound market. The used methodology was based on tabular and graphical analysis and on the participation indicators of commercial liquidation in the GDP sector calculation, relative position of the sector on world’s market, revealed comparative advantage, covering tax, concentration index and performance indicator. Were applied yet annual growing rates, calculated based on arithmetics average. The results pointed out a growth and a proeminent insertion of Brazilian fruit-growing in the international market, with relative competitivity gains. This sector, though, still presents a very concentrated structure so with respect to the product as with respect to the bound market of its exportations. In this way, it is necessary to solve some internal and external encumbrances in order to search options to increase exportations and consequently Brazilian fruit-growing competitivity.

There is a great interest in understanding the electronic properties of nano-structured materials aiming the development of new nano devices, especially how to modify the electronic properties of nano structures already known in a controlled manner. This work shows our studies, which were made in a pure atomistic way by computational simulation, on the electronic, optical and vibrational properties of (a) spherical quantum dots, silicon solid and hollow ones, (b) graphene nanoflakes and (c) crystals of uric acid, anhydrous, mono and dihydrate ones, using methods of Molecular Dynamics, Semiempirical, DFTB+ and DFT. We used the software called AMPAC and the modules of Materials Studio (Accelrys), the Forcite, CASTEP, Gulp and Dmol3 that are states of art in atomistic simulations. From the classical point of view we used Brenner force fields, which allow the formation and breaking of covalent bonds; and from the quantum dots of view, we used the method of density functional and DFTB+. In the study of silicon quantum dots, it was obtained a decrease of the energy gap due to the increase of the radius for massive dots, and contrary behavior to the hollow dots, when we fixed one point and varied only the radius of the hole. In relation to the graphene nanoflakes, it was obtained the stability of structures by the Dynamics Molecular, verifying that they keep their flattened form up to 1000 K; over 3400 K structures begin to have their links broken. The HOMO-LUMO energy gaps are sensitive to edges. Analysis of spin states revealed that only the triangular nanoflakes with zigzag edge have excess of electrons with α spin, however symmetry dependent. The modes of vibration for structures with nC ∼ 50 were obtained and it was observed that rectangular nanoflake displays absorption bands in common with zigzag nanoflakes in two ranges of the infrared spectrum. Finally for the uric acid crystals, we observed that the lattice parameters for the dihydrate crystal are less consistent with experimental values. The gap of the crystal of uric acid, anhydrous and mono ones, is direct (∼ 3.18 eV and 3.16 eV, respectively) and of the dihydrate is indirect (∼ 2.89 eV). The 2p orbitals are the largest contributors to the density of states. Water has great influence in the conduction band of the dihydrate crystal. There is an anisotropic behavior in relation to the study of the optical properties of these crystals along four directions of incidence of the electric field, where the anisotropy is more accentuated to the dihydrate. The studies fit in the theme of the role of Instituto de NanoBioEstruturas & Simulação NanoBioMolecular [NANO(BIO)SIMES], one of the National Institutes of Science and Technology funded by CNPq from the beginning of 2009, which aims to develop research activities and high-quality human resource training in nanobiostructures and nanobiomolecular simulation.

This academic research analyzed the credit dynamics, as an important channel for monetary policy transitions in the Brazilian economy. In the first chapter, credit aggregate series for families, companies, private sector and public sector were selected. In the second chapter were selected rural credit series such as: agriculture, cattle, rural investment, rural trading and rural costing. In the third chapter, the increase rate of the relation Credit\GDP was used as proxy of the aggregate liquidity as well as sectoral GDPs. The methodology applied was VAR\VEC econometric models, Granger causality test, Impulse Response Function and Cholesky`s Variance Decomposition. The credit impact in the aggregate GDP as well as in the sectoral GDPs, depend on the credit type and the persistence of its shocks.

Objetivou-se analisar a competitividade das exportações de produtos selecionados(amêndoa da castanha de caju (ACC), melão) do agronegócio cearense, no período de 1998 a 2003. Para tanto, utilizaram-se indicadores de desempenho das exportações: Indicador de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada (VCR), Taxa de Cobertura (TC) e o modelo Constant Market Share (CMS). Verificou-se queda das exportações da ACC cearense a qual foi decorrente principalmente de perdas de competitividade, em menor proporção, do efeito destino das exportações. O melão apresentou substancial incremento na pauta de exportação inclusive com a inserção de novos mercados. O crescimento das exportações é explicado, basicamente, pelo efeito competitividade que foi influenciado por condições internas favoráveis como os incentivos governamentais para o desenvolvimento da agricultura irrigada em especial fruticultura irrigada.

O conhecimento do impacto da variação na demanda final da agropecuária na geração de produto, emprego e importações reveste-se de grande relevância para o desenvolvimento econômico do Ceará. Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar o impacto da política de investimentos na agropecuária sobre os demais setores da economia cearense, utilizando como instrumental analítico a teoria de insumo-produto. As conclusões apontam a importância da agropecuária para a economia do Estado em termos de geração de produto e de emprego, chamando a atenção para o caráter multiplicador da expansão dos investimentos voltados para este macro setor. Quanto às importações, observou-se elevada capacidade de geração de importações por parte da economia do Ceará, a partir dos investimentos aplicados na agropecuária, podendo representar um indício da fragilidade da estrutura produtiva cearense para fornecer insumos necessários à realização do seu processo produtivo. Ademais, a dependência de insumos importados pode ser prejudicial à expansão da agropecuária, caso a competitividade de seus produtos seja afetada negativamente. Por outro lado, o mesmo resultado pode representar oportunidades de negócios a serem aproveitadas, com a verticalização da produção. Para que a agropecuária cearense cumpra seu papel como indutora do desenvolvimento econômico, é imprescindível uma remodelação das políticas agrícolas vigentes.

Makes an analysis considering the household income concept aplied for brasilian states. Besides a large preliminary discussion concerning partial factors who explain inequality, including those ones assign to national literature, this thesis presents two relevant parts. The characterization of probability distribution that describe income distribution for brasilian states and a different methodology to calculate inequality and poverty indicators. Concerning this goal are present two information groups: Kernel Functions and “best adjustment” probability distributions for every state. By the way, are presents two theoretical structure, from result different econometrics framework, on the way to explain income inequality in Brazil. Thus, to catch the relationship between household income inequality and economic growth, was used first a framework based upon a simultaneous equation models applied in cross-sectional data for brazilian states with some extensions to different revenue percentiles. Otherwise, considering a theoretical model with just one equation and following panel data methodology to Random Effects and Instrumental Variables estimation. At the and was made an exercise using Quantiles Regressions to catch the selected variables effects on different groups of states.

This Thesis studies three distinct problems between itself, even so connected for the instrument. In the first chapter a model of endogenous technical progress is used to study the relations between growth of the agricultural productivity and the process of industrialization in a context of open economy. The concept of Dynamic Comparative Advantage is exhaustingly used and, additionally, searchs to understand as the technological integration between the sectors agricultural and industrial contributed for the dynamics of the employ in the industry. In the second chapter a model of general equilibrium was used to analyze and to compare the effect of two fiscal adjustment rules: the rule of primary superávit proportional to the product and the rule of zero nominal deficit . In the constructed model the rules it was analyzed the impacts of these rules on the optimal allocations as well as on the welfare. In both the cases, the effect of short and long runs always are compared. Finally, the third chapter considers an alternative proofs of the Hotelling´s Lemma and Shephard´s Lemma using new relations of duality in the theory of the production. The proofs proposals possess two advantages, relatively to the usual demonstrations, which are, not the use of the known Enveolpe Theorem and the validity of the demonstration for interior points to the production set.

With the increasing population and urbanization process of the management of water resources has become increasingly complex. Among the sectors of economy, agriculture is what consumes most water, using approximately 70% of global reserves of water. In this study we attempt to find an interface between the agro-industrial system and water resources in semiarid northeastern to have a more efficient and participatory management of water. Based on the literature review conducted it was concluded that to promote more efficient management of water, facing the enormous pressures and demands of the agribusiness northeast, you must redefine the legal- institutional process based on the principles of decentralized, participatory and systemic, and the watershed as the unit of planning and management and water as a public good which has economic value.

A utilização de tecnologia na agricultura a torna menos dependente dos fatores climáticos, mais produtiva e promissora, contribuindo para a obtenção do seu desenvolvimento e da economia. Os investimentos em tecnologia para a agricultura,realizados pelo Governo do Estado do Ceará, concentram-se principalmente na agricultura irrigada através da formação de agropolos. Nesses, predomina a fruticultura irrigada, sendo a banana uma das principais culturas. A bananicultura desempenha importantes papéis de ordem econômica e social para a agricultura brasileira, entretanto é caracterizada pela prática, em geral, com baixa produtividade, baixo nível tecnológico e grandes perdas no processo de produção. No agropolo Cariri a bananicultura tem ganhado relevância com o aumento considerável da área plantada e da quantidade produzida. Nesse agropolo, o crescimento da cultura deu-se com maior intensidade no Município de Mauriti. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o nível tecnológico da bananicultura irrigada do Município de Mauriti-CE e seus aspectos socioeconômicos. Especificamente pretendeu-se mensurar o nível tecnológico, verificar as tecnologias que têm maior contribuição na determinação desse nível tecnológico e os fatores socioeconômicos que condicionam sua adotação pelos produtores de banana de Mauriti- CE. Para mensuração do nível tecnológico, foi formulado um índice que compreende não somente as tecnologias de produção, mas também as variáveis que a compõem. A análise das variáveis socioeconômicas dos produtores que têm efeito sobre a probabilidade de adoção de tecnologia deu-se através da estimação de uma equação, utilizando o modelo Probit, indicado para estudos em que a variável dependente é qualitativa. O índice tecnológico calculado para a bananicultura de Mauriti mostrou que o nível tecnológico adotado é classificado como bom. As tecnologias de irrigação e fitossanidade têm nível de adoção classificado como ótimo e as tecnologias de mudas, adubação e tratos culturais, como de nível bom. Por outro lado, os níveis de adoçãos das tecnologias de colheita e pós-colheita são classificados como regulares e o da gestão como insuficiente. Na composição do índice tecnológico, a fitossanidade teve participação de 21,15%, a irrigação de 19,23% e os tratos culturais de 15,38%. As tecnologias de mudas e adubação tiveram participação de 13,46% e 11,54%, respectivamente. As menores participações foram das tecnologias de pós-colheita, com 9,61%, de colheita com 7,69%, e da gestão, com 1,92%. As variáveis que se mostraram significativas na explicação da probabilidade de adoção de tecnologia adequada ou próxima de adequada para produção de banana foram assistência técnica, bananicultura como atividade principal, crédito, escolaridade, idade, posse da terra, renda total e residência na propriedade. Todas essas variáveis mostraram ter influência positiva sobre tal probabilidade