RCAAP Repository

This work aimed to study the influence of inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Claroideoglomus etunicatum and levels of phosphorus in subsurface substrate of a Latossolo Amarelo biometric parameters in seedlings of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in Bom Jesus in Piauí State, Brazil, October, 2011 to December, 2011. The experimental design was completely randomized in 4x3 factorial scheme, with the factors: phosphorus levels (0, 60, 120 and 240 mg dm-3) and mycorrhizal treatments (no AMF, C. etunicatum and natives AMF). At 65 days after sowing, it was evaluated the biometric parameters plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, dry weight of roots and shoots, root length, root diameter, root volume, mycorrhizal colonization and mycorrhizal efficiency. Inoculation with C. etunicatum increases seedling growth of M. caesalpiniifolia in substrate subsurface of Latossolo Amarelo under low phosphorus levels. The maximum efficiency occurs in the absence of mycorrhizal phosphate fertilizer. With the increasing levels of phosphorus occurs further growth of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia seedlings and decay in the rate of root colonization by AMF, C. etunicatum and AMF natives.

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effects caused by the above ground pruning over the survival, height (h), neck diameter (dn) and h/dn relation, of Pinus taeda L. seedlings, in the municipal district of Caçador, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, aiming to obtain seedlings of better quality. Six different types and intensities of pruning were tested. The data were analyzed by the variances homogeneity test (Bartlett’s test), variance analysis (ANOVA) and, by the Tukey’s test of means comparison (α = 5%). Sixty days after the experiment installation, there was no seedlings mortality ; the removal of the upper portion of the seedlings showed abundant formation of side shoots, significant decrease of seedling heights and h/dn relation, improving the quality pattern of the seedlings. On the other hand, the removal of the lower portion of seedlings leaves caused significant increase of heights, but did not affect the h/dn relation. None of the treatments resulted in significant increase in neck diameter. However, the most intensive above ground pruning (upper portion removal + removal of the 2/3 of the lower portion of leaves) caused significant reduction of the neck diameter and, consequently, of the seedlings quality.

Although the wood from Cedrela fissilis Vell. has great commercial interest, its use is limited due to the lack of information regarding forestry of the species. The aim of this study was to evaluate growth and its correlations with climate variables in six districts at the eastern border of Paraná and Santa Catarina states. Radial wood samples were collected from 42 individuals. Once dried and sanded the annual growth rings were marked, measured and evaluated. The average diameter increment was 1.1 cm year-1. Considering a cutting diameter of 40 cm it was estimated rotations of 30 to 36 years to the species. From the 42 individuals sampled, it was possible to cross date 28 growth series, which presented an inter-correlation of 0.551. Pearson correlation analysis between radial growth and climate data did not show significant values for most of the variables. However, the relative humidity of the air in December was significant and inversely proportional to the radial growth.

Micro-propagation has potential to apply to multiply genotypes of Brazilian forest species. The studies on in vitro culture of these species are related to their recalcitrance to other propagation techniques as well as in vitro conservation of plant germplasm. Micro-propagation by axillaries buds proliferation corresponds to the main system used for in vitro propagation, due to its simplicity compared to organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Nevertheless, the native forest species are poorly studied and consequently the advances in in vitro propagation protocols are still not expressive. Thus, it is necessary to develop new works to promote advances in in vitro culture of native species, and the use of new culture media compositions. It is also important to test the interaction of growth regulators or even bioreactor systems, aiming at to consolidate the micro-propagation technique as applicable strategy in Brazilian silviculture.

This study aimed to evaluate deposition and decomposition of litter and nutrient input in an area of eucalyptus plantation in top-sequence. It was verified significant contribution of the stratum leaves, what could be attributed to the age of the plantation. Regarding the rate of decomposition it was observed a decrease in the spring season at all sites. It was observed differences among sites related to top-sequence There was addition of nutrients as P, N and K, with a tendency for larger values of P in the top of the slope. The studied parameters reflect the different characteristics of the studied environmental growth conditions and their growth limitation and it suggest differences in the management of the areas.

P. elliotii var. elliottii is the second most planted fast growing tree species in Brazilian subtropics for wood and resin production. The objective of this work was to predict genetic values of fast growing individual trees. A trial was established in a randomized complete blocks design involving 76 treatments, 75 open pollinated progenies from a clonal seed orchard and a commercial progeny as control, in a 3 m x 3 m spacing. Total heights of all individuals were measured at 1, 2, and 3 years old and also stem diameter at 1.3 m height- dbh at 3 years old. Deviance analysis was performed by using Selegen-REML/BLUP software and genetic parameters were estimated. Significant variation was detected among progenies. Estimates of narrow-sense individual heritabilities were 0.25 and 0.42, respectively, for height and dbh. Some progenies grew faster than the control (commercial progeny) and the observed genetic variation was sufficiently high to encourage selection to obtain genetic gains in wood production.

This study aimed to test the hypothesis that crown length affects the hypsometric relationship. We used data from diameter measured at 1.3 m above ground level (DBH) and total heights of 337 trees of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) O. Kuntze from an urban remnant of Araucaria Forest with 15.24 ha, located in Curitiba, PR, Brazil. These trees were grouped into classes of crown length. Six hypsometric models were adjusted to the data for each class and for the entire data set. The best model was chosen based on the standard error of estimate in percentage, index of Schlaegel, and graphical analysis of residuals. The ranking indicated Trorey as the best model. The models identity test of Graybill applied to the Trorey model indicated that crown length influenced the hypsometric relationship of the araucarias in the study area.

The objective of this work was to survey wood borers in natural environment in the Atlantic Forest and eucalypt plantation of individuals families: Cerambicydae, Lyctidae, Bostrichidae, Buprestidae and subfamilie Platypodinae e Scolytinae. Was installed between the months of april and october, 20 Carvalho 47 traps model, adapted, baited with ethanol (92.8º), 50 m distant from each other and 1.3 m from the ground, with five setting: Atlantic Forest (border and interior) fragment; eucalyptus plantation (border and interior). 1,797 individuals were collected in total weekly collections and morning. The stand of eucalyptus submitted higher amounts of individuals in both setting analyzed (992 individuals).The subfamily Scolytinae was the most numerous (774 individuals - 43.07%) and the most important in terms of degradability of wood. In second place was the family Bostrichidae with 345 individuals (19.20%).

The action of winds often cause damage to trees and forests, causing recurring economic losses worldwide. The objective of this study was to present a method for selection of Eucalyptus clones tolerant to winds. For that, ten clones widely planted by a forestry company located in areas of high incidence of storms and winds were selected. The sample trees were subjected to endurance resistance test, simulating the effect of the wind. The results show that there were no statistically significant differences among clones with regard to wind resistance. The methodology proposed in this paper comes as an alternative to select clones for resistance to winds.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of seedlings of Mimosa setosa using different combinations of renewable residues: sewage sludge, carbonized rice husks and straw of coffee in natura, and commercial substrate. The seedlings were grown in plastic tubes with capacity of 120 cm3, remaining 120 days under shadow in a greenhouse and more 30 days in rustification area. When the seedlings reached 150 days of growth it were measured the shoot height, the diameter, the ratio of shoot height and diameter, the shoot dry weight, the root dry weight, the total dry mass, the ratio dry shoot mass and root dry mass and the Dickson quality index. The data were subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA) and the means were compared by the Scott-Knott test, at 5% probability. The substrates made with sewage sludge, carbonized rice husks and straw of coffee provided better growth of seedlings. Moreover, the treatment with 80% of sewage sludge mixed with 10% carbonized rice husks and 10% straw of coffee in natura provided the best results of the morphological characteristics evaluated, when producing Mimosa setosa seedlings.

This study aimed to determine the more efficient and economically viable dosage of chemical insecticide to control Quesada gigas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) nymphs in parica plantations. Three dosages of three products (carbofuran, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) were tested based on the maximum recommended dosage for the control of cicadas in coffee plants and applied in total area. The dosage of one kilogram of a commercial product based in thiamethoxam per hectare was more efficient economically and environmentally to control nymphs of Q. gigas in parica plantations.

This study aimed to test mathematical models for estimating of Pinus spp. biomass of different compartments,using easily measuring variables. The data were collected from plantations located in central Paraná state, Brazil. The data were obtained from total and partial dry weights of 35 trees of Pinus spp. , obtained using direct destructive methods. CBH (circumference at breast height) and total height were measured for each tree sampled. The models for estimating leaves dry weight were not satisfactory, verified by adjusted indicators. However, for branches, roots, bark, stem and total biomass the resulted equations provided reliable estimative for all models tested, with high R² values and low Syx% . Richards growth model presented the best adjustment among the other models tested to estimate total biomass.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the different resistance of commercial E. camaldulensis and E. urophylla clones to the attack of (Glycaspis brimblecombei) Moore (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae). The experiment was carried out between May of 2007 and April of 2008, in João Pinheiro, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with 5 clones of E. camaldulensis and 5 of E. urophylla. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with 25 plants per plot, and four replications. Four leaves of nine plants were collected in the center of each plot to quantify the number of eggs and nymphs. The highest averages for eggs and nymphs were observed in E. camaldulensis clones, which were classified as highly susceptible to the red-gum-lerp-psyllid attack. Clones of E. urophylla had lower averages for eggs and nymphs, and it was classified as resistant.

Due to the lack of information about wood properties and charcoal quality from native species, this work was carried out aiming at to characterize the wood anatomical structure of Piptadenia gonoacantha and determine the yield and properties of charcoal. The wood anatomy was described, and it was determined the fibers and vessels dimensions, basic density and higher heating value (HHV). Bulk density, chemical analysis, and HHV were determined for charcoal. The average vessel diameter was 121.30 μm, with 15 vessels mm-2. The fiber dimensions were: length, 0.82 mm, width, 17.54 μm, lumen diameter, 8.02 μm, wall thickness, 4.76 μm, and wall fraction of 54.28%. The basic wood density was 590 kg m-³ and HHV was 4650 kcal kg-1. The charcoal yield was 37.10%. The content of volatile matter, ash and fixed carbon were 23.26%, 2.39% and 74.35%, respectively. Charcoal HHV was 7.719.27 kcal kg-1 and bulk density was 460 kgm-³. Wood showed satisfactory quality for charcoal production, and this meets the requirements of the steel industry.

The total soil organic carbon (C) is regulated by climatic factors, altitude, texture and soil depth. Due to higher storage in surface, it is common to observe the exponential model to adjust the C content in the soil profile. This study was carried out in order to study the influence of climatic factors, altitude and soil depth on the vertical distribution (0-100 cm) of C in five Cerrado fragments located in the municipalities of Januária and Bonito de Minas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Soil samples were collected in the following layers: 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60 and 60-100 cm. The maximum and minimum levels of C varied depending on the sampling site, fragment and soil layer sampled. Larger variations in the levels of C were noted for the 0-10 cm layer, whose C content did not correlate with root and litter biomasses, and with other soil C conditioning factors tested. Specific logarithmic equations are provided for each of the five fragments in order to estimate the C contents (in the 0-100 cm soil layers) as a function of the average temperature, precipitation, altitude and soil layer sampled.

The objective of this work was to evaluate different densities of rootedproductivity and survival as well as the effects on production and survival of cuttings produced. We performed two separate experiments, one for each genetic material (C1 and C2) and were assessed three densities for clone C1 (88, 75 and 57 ministumps m-2) and two for clone C2 (104 and 78 ministumps m-2). Shoots we collected from the ministumps and they were used in making cuttings 6-10 cm long. Sampling was initiated in January 2011, ending in March 2011. The cuttings were planted in substrate composed of 50% vermiculite and 50% of rice hulls and subsequently they were conducted in following steps: greenhouse, shade house and field hardening. For both clones, the density with smaller number of mini-stumps m-2 resulted in lower mortality rate of mini-stumps and higher production of mini-cuttings. The survival of mini-cuttings in the first selection (when exiting from the shade) and the second selection of seedlings (50 days after planting) was not affected by the spacing given the mini-stumps.

The physiological activity of the seeds begins with water uptake, resulting in tissues rehydration and triggering metabolic events of germination. In this context, the present study aimed to verify the influence of the physiological quality and initial humidity in the water absorption rate of Dalbergia nigra seeds. The seeds were collected at two different sites, representing lots I and II. Seeds belonging to the two lots were placed to hydrate in water, in desiccators with relative humidity between 95-99% at 15 oC and 25 oC, until they reached near four hydration levels: 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% of seeds moisture content. The lots were evaluated for germination, germination speed index (GSI) and mean germination time (MGT). Then, the changes in the water uptake by seeds of the two lots were evaluated after they reached the desired moisture levels, by analyzing the curves of imbibition. The experimental design was completely randomized. The lots I and II were classified as presenting high and low vigor, respectively. The results indicated that the rate of imbibition varied with initial moisture content. So the difference between the curves begins at stage II of the water absorption process. Dalbergia nigra seeds with lower physiological quality require longer periods of imbibition to reach phase III and complete the germination process.

The Australian cedar (Toona ciliata M. Roem) is a species of high commercial value, with characteristics similar to native mahogany and cedar, which has been highlighted in forest plantations in Brazil, whose wood should be the subject of technological research. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and mechanical properties from planted stands of 18 years old. The wood showed low density (0.330 g cm3), low average dimensional stability (anisotropy: 2.22), high content of extractives (10.33%) and moderate mechanical properties: MOR and MOE to bending: 498 kgf cm-2 and 66,163 kgf cm-2; MOR and MOE for parallel compression: 258 kgf cm-2 and 100.813 kgf cm-2; shear: 82 kgf cm-2 and medium hardness: 208 kgf.

Diversified wood uses are getting more importance in the world, due to the use of wood as substitute of non-renewable resource products as fuels and plastics, derived mostly from petroleum. Materials from renewable natural resources as planted forests are relevant to minimize the pressure on native forests and contribute to maintain the life quality in the planet. The eucalypt plantation  supply a significant amount of the national forest products market, including wood solid products, as lumber, charcoal, and pulp and paper. The search for a more efficient use of eucalypt wood compounds has getting attention, focusing on biofuel and by-products. The isolation and conversion of wood lignin and hemicellulose in products of high added value as chemicals and bio-products have been largely studied in association with eucalypt wood. The objective of this study was to show the importance and versatility of the eucalypt wood use on forest-based industries.

This study presents an alternative to spatial data simulation of forest production by wood assortment, to support in administrative and decision-makers in a forestry company. It was used the open source geo-referenced information processing system –SPRING, developed by the National Institute for Space Research. To simulate the forest production it was used the prognosis system for growth and yield of Pinus plantations, SISPINUS, developed by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation. With the integration of SPRING and SISPINUS it was possible to spatialize the data of growth prognosis and yield output by wood assortment of a forest company until the year 2030, besides the possibility of spatial planning and programming the stands rotation. The proposed system is practical and provides easy and fast visualization of spatial information on production by wood assortment.In addition, provides information to control the production stands rotation and farms of a forest company. The system made possible the operational agility of information management and can be applied in forestry companies both as administrative support and in forest planning and management.