RCAAP Repository

Oenocarpus distichus Mart. is a native Amazonian palm tree with great socioeconomic potential for the pulp. However, fruit production is still dependent on extractivism and the information available on the nutritional composition of the pulp is still scarce, constituting limiting factors to its knowledge. In this work, 41 samples of pulp from three locations in Pará were analyzed for pH, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids, moisture, ash, fiber, protein and lipids. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis. The pulps showed significant differences among them for the nine characteristics, forming by the mean comparison test eight (TSS) to sixteen (lipids, carbohydrates and others) distinct groups. By cluster analysis, the pulps were separated into seven different groups. Group 1 had the highest fiber (18.14%) and carbohydrate (46.98%) contents, Group 2 had the highest values for TCA (1.05%), TSS (2.53 °Brix) and ash (3.11%), and Group 4 had the highest content of lipids (71.99%). The significant variation among the pulps of this species from the same locality can be attributed to environmental (fruit ripening stage, post-harvest handling, etc.) and genetic factors. O. distichus pulps from different locations in the state of Pará, Brazil, have different composition, forming several distinct groups. The divergence in these pulps is higher within than among localities. In general, bacaba pulp has high nutritional value for being rich in lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, being an excellent source of fiber.

Introduction: Health professionals attend to all types of emergencies and patients, such as those affected by COVID-19, facing critical and stressful situations that can favor the development of compassion fatigue (CF). Objective: To characterize the scientific production and synthesize the most relevant aspects of CF in health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Integrative literature review in the databases BVS, MEDLINE via PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus. For the search strategy, the following descriptors were used: “compassion fatigue”, “health personnel” and “coronavirus infections”. The inclusion criteria were original articles published from March 2020 to February 2021, available electronically in their entirety, without language restrictions, and that assessed CF in health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Thirteen articles were eligible and, from the analysis of these, two categories emerged: presence of CF and factors related to CF. Conclusion: Health professionals presented CF, predominantly in women, physicians, nurses and those working in specific care units for patients with COVID-19. Among the factors related to CF were mental health, ethical, occupational and sociodemographic issues. The findings indicate the need for assessment, monitoring and treatment of this condition in health professionals during the pandemic.

In order to evaluate different levels of probiotic in diets for Nile tilapia post-larvae, 1,680 Nile tilapia post-larvae (0.05 ± 0.01g) were distributed in 24 110 L aquariums, in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications, considering as an experimental unit an aquarium with 70 fry. During the experiment, water quality parameters were monitored daily using a portable multiparameter probe and the water temperature (26.9 ± 0.5 ° C), dissolved oxygen (4.0 ± 0.7mg / L), electrical conductivity were evaluated. (170.1 ± 46.6 μS / cm) and pH (7.2 ± 0.5). A basal diet (control - 0.00) was formulated and levels of inclusion of probiotic of the genus Bacillus 4.0x 1012 CFU (0.02; 0.04; 0.06; 0.08; 0.10 g / 100g) were performed) of feed. At the end, the parameters of zootechnical performance and centesimal composition of the carcass were evaluated, where no differences were observed (P <0.05) on the evaluated parameters. Bowel histology was performed, and the height and width of the villi and thickness of the tunic were measured, where influence (P <0.05) on the width of the villi and tunic thickness was observed, which showed better responses in the levels of inclusions. higher probiotics (0.08 and 0.10 g). Although, there is no positive influence of the levels of inclusion of probiotic of the genus Bacillus in the diet do not influence the zootechnical performance of Nile tilapia, it is recommended to include 0.08g / kg of probiotic of the genus Bacillus for presenting improvement in intestinal health of Nile tilapia post-larvae.

With the declaration of the new Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO), onMarch 11, 2020, the escalation by research on possible strategies for its confrontation has reached a new level. The objective of this study was to evaluate the coverage of health insurance companies in relation to COVID-19 tests determined by the National Supplementary Health Agency (ANS) and to analyze the number of COVID-19 tests performed in Brazil. This is a documentary, ecological study, which was carried out from March 2020 to March 2021. The data released by the National Supplementary Health Agency was verified in relation to the tests included in the List of Procedures and Events in Health of ANS. In the state health departments, the number of tests performed daily in Brazil was analyzed. During this period 07 tests were implemented by ANS: SARS-CoV-2 (CORONAVIRUS COVID-19) - RT search - PCR (with usage guidelines), D-Dimer (dosage), Procalcitonin (dosage), Research tests rapid for Influenza A and B, and real-time PCR for Influenza A and B viruses in addition to the Quick Search tests for Respiratory Syncytial Virus and real-time PCR for Respiratory Syncytial Virus. The Southeast region carried out the largest number of tests in Brazil, with almost 50% of the total, followed by the Northeast region, which tested approximately 25% of the inhabitants. The types of tests determined by the ANS are in accordance with the recommendations of the Ministry of Health of Brazil, however, it is concluded that some health plan operators are not following the determination of the ANS in relation to the coverage of these tests, negatively influencing the number of tests carried out in the country.

It is estimated that seven million human lives are lost worldwide due to exposure to air pollutants from fixed and mobile sources, in urban or rural areas. In this context, the World Health Organization warns about the economic viability of applying sustainable public policies to mitigate the effects of population exposure to atmospheric contaminants, proving a return on investment linked to the reduction of health costs for the population. However, due to the diversity of variables involved in the problem and the divergence between them for each region studied, understanding the scenarios in which these projects will be carried out is essential. This research aims to identify the association between exposure to fine and coarse particulate matter with deaths from cardiovascular diseases in the Brazilian municipality of Taubaté / SP through the analysis of the association between deaths from cardiovascular diseases and the variation in PM2,5 and PM10, as well as social and financial costs of premature deaths inherent to the studied context. The preliminary results confirm the hypothesis raised, presenting a loss of €17.506.500,00 for the period between 2016 and 2018.

Brazil presents the biggest mammal diversity in the world, 755 species, of which 110 are classified under some degree of threat. In the São Paulo State is an estimated 350 taxa richness, however, this number can be even higher due to the gap of sampling over large extensions. In addition, many urban green areas are not studied because their value is underestimated for biodiversity conservation. In this way, the present study aimed to survey the medium and large-sized terrestrial mammals in a Municipal Conservation Unit located in the urban area of Franca, SP. Using cameras trap, sand plots, and active search, in the period between May and July 2019, 16 mammals were sampled. The highest number of species was identified through sand plots (12), followed by active search (7) and cameras trap (4). The sampled community is mostly composed of opportunistic and generalist species with few predators. Among species found, the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is classified nationally as vulnerable to extinction. Despite the significant number of sampled species, the species accumulation curve obtained did not reach its asymptote. Thus, it is concluded that Zoobotanic Garden, despite suffering strong anthropic pressure, develop an important role in the regional medium and large-sized terrestrial mammals conservation, acting as a refuge area for these species.

Introduction: Patient Safety in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit is to reduce as little as possible the risk of causing harmful acts in the course of care. Objective: This study aimed to search together with the scientific literature which factors compromise patient safety in the neonatal care unit. Methods: For this an integrative review was performed on the Pubmed and Scielo platforms, using a combination of the descriptors “Patient Safety” or “Patient Safety” and “Neonatology” or “Neonatology” and “Hospital” and “Infection” or “Infection”. 27 articles that after the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed and totaled in 7 manuscripts for the study. Results: The results showed that patient safety is compromised by factors related to multiprofessional work and the treatment received. Conclusion: Proposals include the elaboration of tools (protocols, checklists, among others) that could effectively help the establishment of a safety culture and promote the theme.

Gingival enlargement is an increase in the size of the gum mostly caused by inflammatory changes associated with the prolonged accumulation of biofilm and induced by drugs, among which calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine stands out. Amlodipine is a 3rd generation drug, commonly used to treat conditions such as hypertension, arrhythmias and angina pectoris. The prevalence recorded for amlodipine-induced gingival enlargement, in patients with heart disease, ranges between 3%. Gingival enlargement induced by amlodipine is due to an interaction between gingival fibroblasts, the biochemistry of inflammation mediators and drug metabolites. The following is a case report of a 57-year-old man, hypertensive, with amlodipine-induced gingival enlargement, and with a diagnosis of periodontitis stage 3 grade C, who underwent basic periodontal therapy treatment and amlodipine was replaced by another antihypertensive drug, additionally for the final resolution of the case, a gingivectomy and open flap scaling and root planning in recurrent pockets was performed. It is concluded that the replacement of the drug induced gingival enlargement and adequate periodontal therapy can improve the patient’s gingival health and quality of life.

Aiming to understand the motivation to study the mathematics and the disciplines associated with the natural sciences,         this study focused on the theories of human behavior and nudges, to analyses the Robotics at School Program, of Recife’s City Hall. The methodology implemented was a bibliographic review, a documentary analysis of the project provided by the City Hall and a non-structured interview carried out with teachers from the Centro de Educação, Tecnologia e Cidadania (CETEC) and the Centro Comunitário da Paz (COMPAZ), which allowed the construction of a theoretical framework on the subject and an understanding of the wide scope of this project as it covers not only the municipal schools, but also the nursey schools and COMPAZ centers. As much as the Program is adapted to the reality of each space, it is possible to identify which aspects related to the theories of human behavior and nudges are present in its elaboration and implementation, from the moment when this action influences human behavior                 without any financial incentive. As it is offered on a public basis, without restricting freedom, as it is an optional subject, and offers the participant a greater possibility of having a choice nominated as ideal, which is to be a scholar.

Objectives: To evaluate the insertion of epicutaneous catheters by nursing professionals and its risks and complications. Methods: Integrative literature review, carried out in the BVS and PubMed data libraries, using the LILACS, MEDLINE and BDENF databases, in order to search for articles available in Portuguese, English and Spanish, which were published between the period of January of 2015 and June 2021. Results: 160 articles were found in the literature search, including 9 articles in the final sample. The use of the Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) is widely used in premature newborns, due to its immaturity and difficulty in maintaining the good functionality of vital organs. During the insertion of the PICC, some professionals administer mild sedatives or analgesics, but a study has shown that non-pharmacological treatment for pain relief is also very effective and sweetened solutions or breast milk are offered. Final Considerations: Given the above, we can note that the PICC catheter is the best option for newborns admitted to the Neonatal ICU who need continuous infusion therapy, antibiotic therapy and parenteral nutrition.

The present study aimed to search the literature for works related to oral hygiene practices and the possible impacts on the general health conditions of the dependent elderly. This is an integrative bibliographic review. The research was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed (MEDLINE), BBO, LILACS and SCIELO, in the month of April 2021, using the descriptors “Oral Hygiene”; "Frail Elderly"; “Health of the Elderly”; “Dental Care for Aged”. Scientific articles in Portuguese and English, published in the last five years (2016 to 2021) were included. 129 articles were found, of which 26 were excluded due to duplication. Thus, the titles and abstracts of 103 articles were analyzed, selecting 43 to be read in full. Of these, 15 were selected and included in this study because they meet the pre-established inclusion criteria. Among the selected studies, there is a predominance of studies carried out in Brazil (11), cross-sectional studies (12) and the approach to factors related to dental prosthesis (4) and quality of life (3). In view of the results discussed, it is evident that there is a gap regarding dental care for institutionalized or non-institutionalized elderly, which is aggravated by socioeconomic conditions. In addition, there is a need for public policies for comprehensive care for the dependent elderly population.

In this work, the prevalence of obesity among two groups of pregnant women with diabetes will be studied, separatingbetween those who need drug therapy and those who achieve good control with non-drug management. Gestationaldiabetes is the intolerance to carbohydrates first diagnosed during pregnancy. It is the most common metabolic problem during this period. Being, obesity one of the main risk factors for the development of this pathology, which generates innumerable harms for both the patient and the fetus. When diabetes is diagnosed, may be through fasting glucose numbers or by 75g OGTT test, one can obtain an adverse pregnancy outcome, requiring blood glucose regulation. For this, different strategies can be employed such as non-medication with physical exercise and balanced diet or medication with the use of oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin.

White spot lesions are a common clinical complication that affects dental esthetics and turn patients uncomfortable. An advantageous alternative to treat those lesions is the resin infiltration technique, that preserves healthy dental structure due its minimally invasive intervention. The patient had enamel hypoplasia on teeth 12 and 13, that was treated with an in-office bleaching and microabrasion followed by resin infiltration (Icon™). At the end of the procedure, it was noticed a color change, turning the spot unnoticeable on patient’s teeth. The main advantage of resin infiltration is to guarantee teeth tissue preservation treatment while reestablishing esthetics, even when deep lesions are presented.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acepromazine as an adjuvant to ketamine, midazolam and methadone in the chemical restraint and anesthesia of cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. We allocated 14 cats in two groups: group ketamine (GK), premedicated with ketamine 8 mg/kg, midazolam 0.3 mg/kg and methadone 0.3 mg/kg and group acepromazine (GAK), premedicated with acepromazine 0.05 mg/kg in addition to the above-mentioned drugs. At baseline (T0) and every 5 mins up to 20 mins (T5, T10, T15 and T20) after premedication, the sedation score was evaluated at 0 to 24 points. The sedation score was significantly higher at T5, T10, T15 and T20 in both groups. There were no significant differences in extubation times (3.7 ± 1.3 mins in GK; 5.2 ± 2.6 mins in GAK) and the time to reach a score equal to 0 on the sedation scale (88 ± 63.9 mins in GK; 133 ± 39.7 mins in GAK); however, the time of anesthetic release was significantly higher in the GAK than in GK (19.7 ± 6.5 mins vs 11 ± 5.9 mins) (P = 0.023). Sedation was adequate in both groups. The results indicated that the administration of acepromazine did not contribute to sedation in the protocol and could delay the anesthetic release.

Objective: The present study aims to describe, from the analysis and review of the literature, the role of health professionals in preventing infections by SARS-CoV2 in the operating room during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review, descriptive based on studies published in the periods from 2016 to 2021. The integrative review is a study that determines knowledge about the specific theme, this study is conducted to identify, analyze and synthesize results of independent studies on the subject, contributing to quality in the scope of the research. Results: Through the Descending Hierarchical Classification (CHD) the IRAMUTEQ software recognized 138 text segments (ST) in this research and maintained 98 of these segments, obtaining a total of 71.01% of utilization. Thereafter, the corpus was divided into 6 classes, in which class 1 corresponds to 16.3% of words in the corpus, class 2 corresponds to 18.4%, class 3 corresponds to 14.3%, class 4 corresponds to 21.4%, class 5 corresponds to 14.3% and class 6 corresponds to 15.3%. Final considerations: The role of nursing in this context is indisputable, as it is one of the professions in which there is greater contact with patients and, in this sense, it is important that they carry out specific measures to prevent the spread of microorganisms in the hospital environment, especially in the center during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Social discrimination is something that is recurrent in Brazilian society, thus causing a great inequality in relation to the most disadvantaged and marginalized groups, from the past times. In light of this, this article analyzes affirmative actions in Brazil and their applicability, as a means of demonstrating the importance of this institute in combating inequalities so deeply rooted socially. With this, the historical evolution and the concept of affirmative actions will be approached, especially in the Brazilian context. Then, the fundamental principle and right of equality will be emphasized, as well as the admission of the affirmative action institute by the 1988 Federal Constitution. Finally, it will also be attributed which position adopted by the Supreme Federal Court on the subject. For that, the method adopted is the deductive one, using historical, doctrinal, jurisprudential and articles referring to the content approach. As outstanding results, it is noteworthy that affirmative actions are supported by the Federal Constitution, as a way of guaranteeing equality.

Farrowing induction is a management approach adopted to improve farrowing assistance provided to matrices, as well as their reproduction rates. The aim of the current study is to investigate sodium Cloprostenol using to induce farrowing in swine matrices and its effect on their reproduction indices. Reproduction data of 76 sows were collected in the manager software of a Piglet Production Unit (PPU) in far west Paraná state. Treatments comprised Natural Farrowing – NF (without induction by exogenous hormone) and Induced Farrowing – IF (induced through Cloprostenol Sodium application) - both in daytime and nighttime periods. Farrowing induction has reduced the number of gestation days and the mean variation in the expected farrowing date; besides, it has concentrated 66% of farrowing cases at 115 gestation days. The IF group recorded shorter farrowing duration (in hours), as well as lower stillbirth and post- farrowing mortality rates. Total birth rate was also higher in the group subjected to IF. In addition, the induction procedure has concentrated 87.05% of farrowing cases at daytime. The group subjected to IF recorded live-born piglet rate 6.91% higher than NF. The use of labor inducers such as Cloprostenol Sodium was effective in concentrating farrowing cases at daytime, in increasing reproduction rates in swine matrices, as well as in decreasing variations in farrowing days, the number of gestation days and farrowing duration. All these factors made farrowing assistance easier.

Medicinal mistletoes are also used in cancer therapies. Mitotic effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Phoradendron piperoides (Kunth) Trel. were evaluated. The plant material was collected in Cáceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil, in 2017. The test with three concentrations of aqueous leaf extract (0, 6 and 18 g of leaf powder/500 mL of water) was applied to Allium cepa L. Newly-emitted onion roots were immersed in the solution for 24 hours (action) and another 24 hours in water (recovery). Roots were collected for microscopy and cell counting was used to calculate the mitotic indices (MI%), which showed a lower value at the highest concentration than the intermediate concentration (3.95% c < 16.80% b), both differing from the control (60.40% a). Mitosis inhibition increased with an increase in extract concentration. The mitotic indices in the control of action and recovery tests were similar (60.47%) but higher than in the other concentrations. The indices were higher (3.95% B < 46.00% A) at intermediate doses (16.80% B < 36.60% A) and lower (p < 0.05) in the action than the recovery considering the overall average (27.05% B < 47.71% A). Thus, P. piperoides has bioactive compounds extracted in water that are inhibitors of mitosis, dose-dependent, and partially reversible effects on recovery.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease that compromises patients’ quality of life and it demands an indispensable and complex pharmacological treatment. The aim of the present study was to understand patients’ experiences with the pharmacological treatment of RA. In order to explore this area, interviews were conducted with patients with RA followed at an outpatient clinic. Merleau-Ponty’s theoretical framework was applied to understand the investigated phenomenon by using the essential structures of the experience (time, space, relationships with other people, and sexuality, all of which are anchored in the body). These were used to describe the central meanings of the patients’ medication experience. The data showed that patients experienced ambiguity during the RA treatment and that it pervaded all the essential structures of the experience. The experiences that emerged from data analysis were: “waiting for the proper treatment”; “hoping for its effectiveness and safety”; “rediscovering spaces lost because of the disease”; and “self-management in controlling symptoms”. Understanding these experiences allows for the healthcare team to offer more comprehensive, holistic and effective care, contributing to better health outcomes.

Poultry farming has spread widely across the country. Despite their rustic characteristics, these birds are susceptible to serious diseases such as salmonellosis and avian coccidiosis. The objective was to investigate the infectious agents of these diseases in free-range chickens destined for school feeding in the city of São Luís, MA. A clinical examination of 198 birds was carried out, which consisted of observing the appearance of the plumage, beak, ridges, cloaca region and body condition. The samples were analyzed for Salmonella spp. following the methodology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply . Of the 99 samples of cloaca (group of two birds), collected for investigation of Salmonella spp., 10 (10.1%) samples were suspected of the bacterium in biochemical tests, however all were negative (0%) due to antigenic serotyping. The survey and enumeration of Eimeria spp. The centrifugal flotation method was used in a sucrose solution. In the count of Eimeria spp. Oocysts, Of the 124 samples collected from the intestine during evisceration, 92 (74.19%) presented oocysts of the parasite, with counts ranging from 100 to 18,800 oocysts. The results were considered expected since, in a free-range chicken breeding system, where cocciostatic drugs are not used, the prevalence of Eimeria spp. it is often high. Therefore, it can be concluded that free-range chickens destined for slaughter in the municipality of São Luís did not present isolation for Salmonella spp., But did have a high incidence of infection by Eimeria spp.