RCAAP Repository

The Coastal Zone is a transitional environment between the continent, the sea and the atmosphere, which ensures food, protection against natural and anthropogenic disasters, housing and employment. However, due to its multiple uses, it also undergoes intense environmental degradation, mainly due to the process of disorderly occupation, extraction of natural resources and general pollution of soil, water and air. Water pollution mainly occurs through the untreated discharge of domestic and industrial effluents into streams, stormwater galleries, and directly into the sea, which can cause an accumulation of organic matter leading to an increase in the number of opportunistic microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria, in addition to potentially other organisms harmful to human health and other species. Balneability is a criterion for classification of water quality that uses physical and chemical parameters of water and the environment as well as biological indicators such as total coliforms. The investigation of balneability, the identification of the main degradation agents of the beaches and the composition of airborne fungi of the shore allowed diagnosing the sanitary quality of the urban beaches of João PessoaPB. As a result, Manaíra was the beach with the worst water quality, Penha was the one with the highest amount of organic and inorganic debris observed in the sand and Cabo Branco with the highest index of airborne fungi, mainly in the rainy season. As no relationship was found between water balneability and anemophilous fungi, it was concluded that this indicator cannot predict its presence, since even beaches considered to be primary contact recreation may contain potentially pathogenic microorganisms and therefore specific monitoring is required.

Proteins do not perform their biological functions alone and are instead connected in proteinprotein interaction networks. These networks provide the foundation for different metabolic pathways and cellular processes that guarantee cell survival and proliferation, as well as the colonization of novel niches. Ureaplasma diversum is a member of the Mollicute class and causes urogenital tract infections in cattle and small ruminants. As it is the rule among Mollicutes, U. diversum does not have a cellular wall and is characterized by a reduced genome and incomplete or completely lacking metabolic pathways. Studies indicate that the process of horizontal gene transfer, the exchange of genetic material among non-descendant individuals, has a crucial role in Mollicute evolution, affecting their genomic reduction process and the simplification of metabolic pathways. We constructed the protein-protein interaction network of U. diversum and compared it with the networks of other members of the Mollicute class and external groups to test if the reduction of complexity in this class is reflected in their protein interaction networks. We also investigated horizontal gene transfer events in sub-networks of interest involved in purine and pyrimidine metabolism (incomplete pathways in Ureaplasmas and Mycoplasmas) and urease function, an enzyme that supplies the energy demand in Ureaplasma and acts as a virulence factor. We identified horizontal gene transfer events among Mollicutes and from Ureaplasma to S. aureus and Corynebacterium, bacterial groups that colonize the urogenital niche. The overall tendency of genome reduction and simplification in the Mollicutes is reflected in their protein interaction networks, tending to be more generalistic and less “selective”. This suggests that the process was permitted (or enabled) by an increase in host dependence and the available gene repertoire in the urogenital tract via horizontal gene transfer.

According to the perspective of the Dialogical Theory of Language, represented by Bakhtin and his Circle, as well as by other authors’ studies like Brait (2008), Faraco (2003), Sobral (2009), among others, this study aimed to analyze the dialogical constructions in the discursive genre cartoon in the enunciative event Transposition of the São Francisco River. Regarding about the specific purposes, we point out: a) to establish the dialogical relations among the voices present in the cartoons’ speeches; b) to understand the different forms of representation for the theme Transposition of the São Francisco River according to the enunciators’ point of view in the cartoons and c) to compare the game of words present in the cartoons which refer to the Transposition of the São Francisco River. This research is based on the Dialogical Theory of Language (DTL), specifically on dialogical readings of cartoons. It is considered an exploratory-descriptive study, whose methodological approach used was the dialogical one, comparing the texts in the event and the answers that one gives to the others, and presenting as the statements materialize, the social interaction and their answers, as the texts cannot be analyzed without considering them to be utterances-answers. The selected corpus consists in 06 (six) cartoons, from December of 2016 to March of 2017, hosted in Google Images. From the analysis of this study, we find out that the cartoons keep the dialogue with other genres of discourse and with other discourses. Another point relevant is that not only linguistic utterances are used but also the imaginary elements that make up the utterance as a whole and alter their meanings. The representation of another illustration present or an uttered enunciative (intertextualities) not only change meanings but also build several others. There fore, the cartoons analyzed show the dialogical representations that denounce or reinforce the negative understandings about the event Transposition of the São Francisco River, according to the aspects of the genre analyzed.

The development of the language of people with Down syndrome (DS) occurs more easily, it is not their communicative performance. Neurological, auditory and other factors involved in the process of language acquisition and development. Another major problem in Down syndrome and work memory deficit. Such deficits appear to be linked to the dysfunction of a network of cerebral connections including as connections in the frontal region. It is difficult to study children's difficulties in working memory tasks and the result of their poor performance in verbal processing tasks, or if there are other issues involved. The purpose of this study was to investigate a relationship between difficulties of working memory and expressive language in people with Down Syndrome. Habitat 15 with SD companies with 07 and 26 years that are part of an extension project linked to a Higher Education Institution of Paraíba. All the items under speech and hearing assessment were submitted to an expressive vocabulary evaluation by the image naming test: ABFW - Vocabulary; evaluation of working memory through nonword repetition tests and content based on Hage and Grivol (2009). Then, an inferential statistical analysis was performed, and the use of non-parametric Mann-Whitney correlation test and to verify the degree of relationship variables or chi-square test. The results do not have an expressive vocabulary test, which showed an average of 64.60% of usual verbal assignments (DVU), 1.75% non-design design (ND) and 33.63% substitution (PS). No performance by semantic category had the best performance in category forms and cores and the worst was in the local category. In the tests of working memory and average of results of 31.36 points in the test of nonwords, and in the test of digits of direct order the average of 5.57 points. The performance in the non-words test was influenced by the extension of the word, that is, the higher the number of syllables, the worse the performance of the individuals. A correlation between the non-words test and direct digits as means of DVU and PS (ABFW) were significant. That is, the better the results in the non-words and work order tests, the better the performance without expressive vocabulary testing. There was no significant relationship between variables such as age, schooling and literacy with tests of memory and expressive vocabulary.

The new social practices have given rise to a new type of text that, although not as new, operates with new and increasingly modern and changing resources: digital games or games. Games are played by millions of people around the world and currently have the greatest economic strength in the entertainment market, yet still occupy a small place in academic research. In this work, we take as object of analysis the narrative game and consider it as a genre of text. In the context of gender studies, we have positioned ourselves in the field of " crossbreed approaches", based on the combination of theoretical contributions involving different sociodiscursive and socioretorean theories, with emphasis on Sociodiscursive Interactionism (ISD), proposed by Bronckart ([1999]/2012 ), as well as considering multimodality issues. In this context, as part of the Grupo de Estudos em Letramentos, Interação e Trabalho (GELIT/UFPB), this research is inserted in an attempt to promote a theoretical-analytical reflection of the digital game as a text, analyzing its characteristics in the light of ISD. Our objective was to analyze an empirical text, the game "Batman, the Telltale Series" (2016) that works as an example to understand the structure and functionality of the narrative game genre, analyzing the textual configuration of the genre, considering its socio-historical aspects, its multimodal and hypertextual dimension, regarding the relations between the verbal and visual elements in the production of the senses, and the players' roles as narrator readers / writers. This research is justified considering that the relationship of verbal and nonverbal text is still little explored in the theoretical field of ISD. It is in this context that this research had the intention to contribute, by suggesting the establishment of ISD interactions with other theories, such as Visual Design Grammar, in order to allow the analysis of digital multimodal texts, so common in human language practices. To elucidate this research, we have become a researcher initiated and analyst. The research is qualitative-interpretative, with exploratory objectives based on the analysis of the game and the corpus generated by three collaborators during the execution of the game. We use in generation and data collection the video of each player's game screen and an individually applied questionnaire. In this perspective, we consider how the multimodal elements construct the senses in the game, the textual hyperlinks, the textual materiality, and finally, the language of the games backing us in the categories of ISD analysis (types of discourse, sequence types, textualization). We emphasize, above all, the observables of the paralinguistic order, formed by visual semiotic units, called paratextual units and the role of the player in the construction of history, its interaction with the elements of the text and intertextual relations and the consequences for the definition of history. In the analysis, we see in the game a mix between the worlds of expose and narrate, how visual elements can indicate types of speech, and how they can function as connecting resources. We have verified that the overall game plan is extremely complex, since it involves the nesting of discursive worlds associated with types of discourse and pervaded by different types of sequence. Finally, we identify the possibilities of dialogues between ISD and GDV that can provoke reconfigurations in the theoretical-methodological perspective of ISD.

Traveling libraries have been increasingly used as an alternative location to learn and perform cultural actions through reading, although keeping in mind that studies must be carried out in order to deepen the discussions about how the reading practices in these libraries are given and how these practices have contributed to the training of readers. Therefore, our goal is to analyze the contributions of the mobile library bus, “ÔNIBUS DO SABER”, in training readers located in the municipality of Guarabira - PB. Our specific objectives were: (a) to describe and characterize the “Ônibus Do Saber” project, based on the interview analysis conducted with the responsible coordinator of its conception, and data from the city hall's website about the company's history and work methodology. (b) to identify and analyze the reading practices of the beneficiary students of the library; and (c) identify and analyze, from the students' perspective, the aspects that motivate or demotivate their participation in said project. We base the realization of this study, mainly in the works of Bakhtin and Círculo (2002, 2011) that suggests the notion of reading as a language activity, a dialogical practice that is performed in the interaction between subjects. Thinking about reading as a social practice, as a historical and cultural action, we are based mainly on the works of Barthes (2001), Certeau (2012), Chartier (1996, 1998, 2001), Manguel (1997) and Sousa (2002, 2005, 2008, 2014, 2017).This is a field and documentary exploratory research, with a qualitative approach, which was carried out in two key moments: (1) Data collection - in this phase, information was gathered on the project “Ônibus do Saber”. (2) Empirical study, through participant observation, interviews with library users. We have a sample of 48 students from public schools in the city of Guarabira – PB, students from grades 3 to 5 of elementary school, users of the traveling library. Users responded questions related to their reading practices, the aspects that motivated them to resort to Ônibus do Saber library, the strengths and weaknesses of the library. We also counted on the participation of the responsible for the library, which answered on aspects related to the foundation, the operation of the mobile library and the type of service offered to the users. From the data analysis, we can conclude that the mobile library has fulfilled its role, encouraging reading in the school community, contributing to the training of readers in the municipality of Guarabira – PB. The reading practices experienced in the library have aided children to "further develop reading", "learn about language", "to know new things", "to imagine somewhere else", "to have fun", concluding that, reading in the library is synonymous with knowledge, learning and pleasure.

This thesis aims to analyze how repositories (LOR) and its learning objects (LO) collections can favor the teaching and learning of Portuguese language (PL) in the final years of Elementary School. As a theoretical basis for our research we mainly support the contributions of Wiley (2003), Polsani (2003) and Leffa (2006) on concepts and characteristics of learning objects repositories, in the discussions about literacy (SOARES, 1998; 2002; 2004), in the notion of multiliteracy (ROJO, 2012; 2013; NEW LONDON GROUP, 1996; KALANTZIS; COPE, 2006 [2000]) and in the perspective of the new literacies (LANKSHEAR; KNOBEL, 2006; 2007). In order to reach the proposed objective, we analyze characteristics, functionalities and collections of six repositories in the Brazilian context classified in three macrocategories: public repositories maintained by federal ministries at the international and national levels, public repositories maintained by private initiatives and state secretariats and repositories maintained by postgraduate laboratories. From the observation of the repositories, we selected a corpus of 17 learning objects in order to verify elements of pedagogical and human-machine interaction proposed in the Pedagogic Software Evaluation Protocol (PSEP) (ARAÚJO; FREITAS, 2017). In the analysis of the data, we verified that in the repositories (LOR) there are a significant number of 862 LO of different typologies destined to the teaching and learning of Portuguese language. In the selected corpus of 17 OA, we observed different levels of quality to potentialize the teaching and learning of the Portuguese language through Information and Communication Digital Technologies (ICDT) and some inconsistencies regarding didactic-pedagogic and ergonomic aspects. In relation to didactic-pedagogical criteria, we verified the predominance of the conception of language as expression of thought, the type of prescriptive teaching, the high granularity / reusability, the structuring of positive content, absence of aid systems and linguistic analysis as an objective learning. Regarding the ergonomic / human-machine interaction criteria, we found the predominance of high usability, partial accessibility, high interoperability, average interactivity and average availability of documentation and support material. In this way, we recognize the PSEP as a relevant mechanism for evaluating technical and pedagogical aspects of different LO formats. Finally, we consider that the learning objects (LO) are resources that support the process of teaching and learning Portuguese Language (PL) in the final years of elementary education through its multimodal and interactive elements, but its use must be combined with broader classroom discussions and practices which can enable new literacies and multiletrations, as well as enhancing literacy.

This research aims to analyze the uses and process of grammaticalization of the item now under a panchronic approach correlated with the verification of aspects related to frequency of use, syntactic-semantic-discursive functions, order of placement and application of the principles and mechanisms of grammaticalization, considering the periods XIV until the first half of XVI; second half of XVI - XVII and XVIII - XX in data of writing and XX and XXI in data of speech and writing, aiming the verification of what is becoming regular in the language in relation to the functional behavior of the element. For this, the Portuguese-CDP Corpus (DAVIES; FERREIRA, 2006) is used; Corpus CE-DOHS. Electronic Corpus of Historical Documents of the Sertão (FAPESB 5566/2010); Banco conversacional de Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA [org.], 2010), in addition to the chronicle of news & non-news chronicle (ANDRADE, 1974) is an analysis that is anchored in functionalist theory, specifically turning and the study of Givón (1979, 2001, 2005), Hopper and Traugott (2003), Heine and Kuteva (2007), Bybee (2006, 2010), among others. The work is divided into two focuses of approach: the first deals with the now through the centuries in an evolutionary description of uses in the panchronic perspective in specific genres of writing (letters and chronicles); the second focus deals with the item in the modalities of spoken and written language, through a comparison between uses according to the modalities of use, in the synchronic perspective of letter and chronic genres versus talk genre, of more recent periods. In relation to the values assumed by the item, through the times, the results indicate the tendency of the now occur in all the synchrony in a scalar path, adverb> conjunction> marker, in which the time value stands out as the most frequent function, however, it is possible to observe that the changes operate in a parallel way, because, as the item acts in the temporal function, it also acts with more textual / discursive values. Concerning the syntactic order, the AV order is considered to be the champion of the speaker / scribe preference, both from the synchronous and diachronic points of view, being exceeded, in the most recent periods, when the connector / connector function becomes more salient , favoring the order IO. In this way, it is possible that there is a logical-semantic correlation between semantic values and the established order. Thus, the data instigate to visualize an in-process grammaticalization when attesting the item in the exercise of values whose path can be represented by the cline of TIME> TEXT> SPEECH, verifying a gradual migration of the element in the direction of values (+ referential) values (-referential), both in writing through the ages, and in speech and writing of more recent centuries. This change is also driven by the syntactic order that gradually changes as the item changes its function.

This research proposes an investigation and a multiplication from orality data, of the corpus linguajar from Sertão Paraíbano (2011-2012), henceforth LSP, with urban and rural paraibanos informers from the cities of Cajazeiras, Catingueira, Catolé do Rocha, Conceição, Itaporanga, Patos, Pombal, Sousa and Princesa Isabel. The research that we present is based on the functionalist theorist, who considers language as a dynamic phenomenon, in which the grammar is conceived as an adaptive and emergent system. In this perspective, grammaticalization studies will be considered, especially the principles formulated by Hopper (1991) and the motivational mechanisms of grammaticalization postulated by Bybee (1994). These motivating principles and mechanisms will be applied to verify the stage of grammaticalization, which we can find the object of study. After a data analysis, the results indicate that the item follows the unidirectional scale adverb> conjunction> discourse marker, proceeding not between the limits of Discourse and Grammar. Regarding the stage of grammaticalization, we find that the item is in the middle stage of grammaticalization, not being decategorized, so it does not totally lose the prototypical traits of its function, the semantic fading, the semantic neutralization of the item is partial, in this way presents slippery and fluid behavior. There is a loss of semantic transparency, but the meta / target function does not erase or cancel the emergence of other divergent functions of the item, which keeps the traits of the source category unharmed. Therefore, there are more pragmatic discursive gains than losses. Thus, we prove that what happens is the coexistence and the harmonious coexistence between the two functions: source-function and target/meta function, which shows the partial stage of grammaticalization of the item.

In Down Syndrome, the presence of an extra chromosome brings a big impact on the quality of life of the subject, compromising their development as a biopsychosocial being, making this development slower than the typical development. Therefore, it is necessary to reflect that the learning process of reading and writing happens in phases and stages that are particular to each person, being this one disabled or not. Thence, it is important to do studies that analyze the process of appropriation of the written language system, considering the period before the school stage, in which the child already develops primitive techniques capable of performing similar functions, in other words, skills and abilities that will facilitate the learning of formal writing, until a stage where the child becomes proficient in reading and writing. General objective: Analyze the development of the written language of a subject with Down syndrome in a socio-interactionist perspective. Methodology: Research qualitative, interventionist, exploratory and retrospective. The source is documentary, where we will analyze the written material of a young woman with SD from early childhood through the third year of elementary school. Because it is a research involving human beings, the study is carried out according to the recommendations of the Research Ethics Committee. Results: In preschool from 3 to 6 years, the child had a significant gain in oral language, which had repercussions on their learning in social context, at age six she evolved into writing her name on the basis of her teacher's writing. In the first year, Gabriella was able to broaden her knowledge of the alphabetical principle, knowing all the letters of the alphabet and learning how to manipulate letters in the formation of syllables, words and phrases. However, there was no adaptation of the content to Gabriella, since in the second half of the year they presented the irregularities of the language to the child. During this period, the mediators played a fundamental role, giving her the most diverse opportunities and incentives for her to overcome all the difficulties that arose along the way, seeking to consider the child's point of view, her cognitive and linguistic abilities. In the third year, mediation in the textual planning process assisted the child in the production of a better quality text, subsidizing important knowledge of how to carry out a later textual planning in an autonomous way. Conclusion: The insertion of Gabriella in the school, the speech therapy and the stimulation of the family and the educators, provided several quantitative / qualitative gains to its development in all the dimensions of the language and in the cognition. It is noteworthy that Gabriella was not passive in this process, when she came in contact with the resources available in her environment, as well as in the interaction with children and adults, she developed her cognitive abilities and perfected her language, appropriating the content that was her provided in interaction environments.

The present master’s thesis analyzes the debate on tolerance by means of three main points chosen due to their modern day relevance: i) the conceptual problem of the polysemy of the term; ii) the methodological problem of the typology of tolerance and the relationship established between its different types; iii) the practical problem of the limits. This thesis argues that, despite considerably constructive results obtained over the course of its existence, throughout history, the discussion on tolerance has presented two major misconceptions that have prevented a more efficient development of the debate: that of the conceptual confusion and that of the terminological inaccuracy. Therefore, a logic-linguistic analysis applied to the concept of tolerance is proposed with the aim of elucidating both misconceptions, and as a result find new ways to solve the aforementioned problems. The thesis is divided into seven chapters, with the initial four chapters examining six major works of the debate on tolerance, which are the following: Thomas More’s Utopia (Chapter One); John Locke’s A Letter Concerning Toleration (Chapter Two); John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty and The Subjection of Women (Chapter Three); Herbert Marcuse’s Repressive Tolerance and Michael Walzer’s On Toleration (Chapter Four). In Chapter Five, the necessity of properly defining each meaning of the term tolerance is discussed by presenting the Thesis of Adequate Meanings and Inadequate Meanings (TA), the Thesis of Opposite Definitions (TDO) and the Thesis of Irreducibility (TI). The chapter also analyses their logico-conceptual impacts on the debate on tolerance. Chapter 6 starts with a detailing of the Thesis of Compatibility and Incompatibility (TCI) applied to the types of tolerance and how this thesis can offer an alternative solution to the problem of typology. Next, the resulting concepts of the TA and TCI are used to examine a few legal documents related to the debate (UNESCO’s Declaration of Principles on Tolerance and the Brazilian laws No. 7.716/89 and No. 9.459/97). Finally, Chapter 7 revolves around the issue of limits of tolerance. The TA and TCI are applied to the previously mentioned texts by Locke and Stuart Mill, and to an event that occurred in Brazil (the “Mein Kampf affair”) that is relevant to the discussion. The aim is to show that a possible solution to the practical problem of limits is tied to the answers to both the conceptual problem of the polysemy and the methodological problem of the typology.

This work had the objective of analyzing experiences lived through the Tinder, application for mobile devices used for the search of affective-sexual relationship. From an ethnographic study that involved online and offline research environments, conducted primarily with six men and six women seeking the opposite sex in the application, we sought to observe how this inserts in the dynamics of their interpersonal relationships and interferes in their strategies of sociability and experience of the affective / sexual experience. Based on the dynamics of use of the application, we analyzed the course of the contact with the other through this and its interlace with the motivations, expectations, projects and life dynamics of the users. In dialogue with a theoretical instrument that attentive to the agency of the individual in the world of life, it was assumed that, on the one hand, digital platforms such as Tinder are technological resources that configure specific and diverse forms of interaction with each other, inserted in a more flexible and fast dynamic characteristic of contemporaneity. On the other hand, such dynamics are permeated by cultural specificities, personal elaborations and projects related to diverse interests and expectations of the users and their interlocutors, which creates a constant indetermination in the relations formed there. Thus, it was verified that the Tinder figure as a further alternative and an active means in the paths of the search for the other, integrating a movement of search and distance, of negotiation and tension, that entails both expectations of affinity and reciprocity in intersubjective exchanges, tested since the beginning of the contact, as the valorization of the autonomy and the choice as core of the individual project.

The present dissertation, entitled "PRECARIOUS AND INTENSE TEACHING WORK: the REUNI as a mechanism that deepens the university counter-reform in the UFPB", has as object of study the precariousness of the teaching work. It was assumed that precarization is a historical-social determination of labor in the context of capital's crisis. So, since teacher work is a specialization of work in general, it is not exempt from the inflections to which the totality of work is subjected today. The general objective is to analyze the precariousness and intensification of teaching work in the UFPB in the context of the REUNI (2008-2012), taking as reference the more general picture of the capital crisis and the particularities that it assumes in the Brazilian reality by consolidating the counterreformation of the State and of Education. The research had as reference the critical social theory of Marx, for the privilege that it grants to the contradiction of the phenomena in its analysis. The categories that guided the apprehension of the object were the crisis of capital, the precariousness and intensification of work, neoliberalism and the counterreformation of the State and education /university. In this way, a qualitative and quantitative research was undertaken, using a methodology that sought to apprehend the previously defined categories and then proceed to analyze the selected documents. The data analysis was done by the MEC /INEP documents, the management reports of the UFPB and the three-year CAPES evaluations. So, these theoreticalmethodological choices are expressed in the organization of this dissertation that reflects our specific objectives. The first chapter focuses on the discussion of the crisis of capital and the strategies undertaken by the bourgeoisie for its overcoming, with attacks on labor and social rights its founding elements. The second chapter is devoted to theoretically apprehending the categories privatization and commodification, aiming to analyze their expressions in the university counter-reform undertaken by FHC and the governments Lula and Dilma. The third and final chapter concentrates on the exposition of research data, using as a method of exposition the tripod that composes the contemporary university: teaching, research and extension. The result obtained confirms our research hypothesis evidencing that the precariousness and intensification of the teaching work is expressed beyond the quantitatively observable criteria, but mainly, in the consolidation of a mercantile culture that has in the university counter-reform its structuring axis guided by the values coming from neoliberalism.

This work approaches the experience of illness in the social life of people with psoriasis treated at the Reference Center Support and Treatment for Carriers with Psoriasis, located at the University Hospital Lauro Wanderley - HULW, in the capital of Paraíba. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory systemic disease, not contagious, that affects the skin, scalp, nails and occasionally the joints, characterized by red spots, characterized by the presence of red, thickened and scaly patches of skin. The interest in the experience of illness this study lies within the anthropology of health, specifically addressing the meaning of illness in everyday social relations of people with psoriasis, beyond notions of therapeutic itineraries. One of the strongest characteristics of this disease is a chronic, term used by biomedicine and the social sciences to refer to "long-term illnesses", who understand the processes of illness whose cure is nonexistent, but have treatment and control implications. Stigma is one of the aspects reported, since the lesions may bring harm to the quality of life, is the itch that may be present, either by lesions in visible places of the skin, and can thus compromise the selfesteem and interaction with others. The research was developed from the perspective of anthropology of disease that understands the relationship between health / disease and the role played by biomedicine in contemporary society. To do so, we used the ethnographic approach, through research techniques, involving qualitative interviews with patients with psoriasis and some relatives.

The work presented in this dissertation is the result of research carried out over the past two years as a graduate student in the Graduate Program in Anthropology at the Federal University of Paraiba. I approach it as a tradition of craftsmen Alto do Moura, Caruaru / PE, is constructed and used to mark social distinctions between the group and its members. Observe the tradition on different aspects while instrumental element to its external visibility, under which is shown as equity. Therefore consider both practices developed by public policies, but also as artisans design strategies to demonstrate their tradition. However, this also marks distinction in social positions by artisans who demonstrate a social hierarchy through their own categories. Here, tradition is the defining element that differentiates those who are keepers of tradition and modifying it. However, this distinction is internal to the group that organizes itself as domestic groups, forming a group identity through your tradition. Thus, the work of the left need to discover the tradition claimed by artisans from Alto does Moura, to address the need for its definition so that they can prepare the application for registration of its tradition as a national cultural heritage.

This work aims at analyzing the ethnography of the routine and sociability practices in a space known as a meeting point for daily consumption of alcohol, "CTI", located in the downtown area of Cabedelo/PB. It is a space attended by people who live in the neighborhood and workers from around that area, as well as homeless, who are in a social, economic, emotional and/or health vulnerability situation. The research was done around the public market area, focusing on bars and sidewalks of the region, mostly in the Venâncio Neiva plaza. The research had a total of 31 counterparts who attend this area, and it was done with the method of participant observation and 6 semi-structured complementary interviews. From the immersion in ethnographic area, it was observed the special ways of appropriation of the public space through practices, interests and distinct identities that point to a establishment of rules, conflicts, hierarchies and formation of regular groups. In this context we can observe the consumption of psychoactive substances, mostly "burrinho" (cachaça) and crack rocks, as an element of status and organizer of the social relationships, along with other aspects that act on the process of stigmatization of some regulars.

The present work has as its theme the Solidary Economy and the Bodega Nordeste Vivo e Solidário as an empirical experiment to be analyzed, a solidarity productive enterprise that is part of the Rede Bodega, a solidary economy network of the state of Ceará, which brings artisans and craftsmen, farmers from five groups located in different municipalities. I intend to interpret the meanings attributed by three women of such an undertaking to the notion of solidarity and to the relations existing between the groups that integrate it, as well as their practical experiences in this solidarity enterprise. For this, I chose as an empirical focus two groups of Prainha do Canto Verde that integrate the unit based in the municipality of Aracati, Bodega Nordeste Vivo e Solidário, which is formed by 54 groups that work with family agriculture, handicrafts, food services and lodging. In videos published by the Rede Bodega, as well as in its institutional discourse, solidarity is emphasized as a fundamental point for strengthening groups and for the realization of an economy based on principles of solidarity, as opposed to a market economy, aimed at profit and Is largely based on social relations of exploitation. In this way, I will try to understand the representations of some of its members about the elements and symbols that unite them so that they work and identify themselves as members of the same project, the Rede Bodega, which has as one of its main pillars solidarity. Methodologically, I opt for an ethnographic approach in which I conduct a research with qualitative data collection procedures, with emphasis on field research, observation and open interviews, with a priority focus on understanding the life narratives of three members of Bodega Nordeste Vivo e Solidário.

The current dissertation opens a debate about the ethnic and religious borders formation process in/among three Jewish communities active in the city of Campina Grande/PB, drawing attention to determined elements and daily strategies that operate as true milestones of differentiation and identity affirmation. Through description of communitarian events (meetings, rituals and festivities) and the narrative reconstruction of certain life stories of individuals in their social interactions in familiar and religious spaces, this work analyses as the history “jewish cultural resistance” translates itself in little details of thought and action which reveal differentiated “arts of becoming jewish”.

This dissertation aims to understand the networks of social relations elaborated by Potiguara indigenous in João Pessoa’s metropolitan area and how it’s produce interactions in the urban spatiality involving the cities of Bayeux, Santa Rita and João Pessoa, Paraiba. This spatial dynamic causes interethnic contacts with various social actors, educational institutions and indigenous agencies such as FUNAI and SESAI, whose subsequent relations generate joints, disagreements, conflicts and new forms of interactivity. By these flows of people between indigenous territory and city, the Potiguara move from one place to another dynamically, with cooperation from that one living in town to other one that stay living in the village, in accordance to their feelings of belonging and moral recognition (Cardoso de Oliveira, 2006), being ethnic boundaries stressed in certain situations. The Potiguara brought their experiential baggage from village and pass through the cities, building their networks from vicinal and friendship relations conceived by kindness in a field of mutal help, and by their relatives who are "scattered" by the urban space. And this relationship, kinship and friendship ties will strengthen and producing ramifications beyond the boundaries of urban spatiality. Therefore, in the interactions provided by the networks of social relations, reciprocity was established as a closing link of friends, family and relatives, creating a continuous process of production and reproduction of cultural materials that reverberate their feelings of belonging. This study is focused on two empirical cases that the Dona Maria das Neves Santana and Jose Ciriaco Sobrinho (Capitão) that are located in the cities, namely, Bayeux and Joao Pessoa, respectively.Studying both cases, we seeking reconstitute their social relationship networks. And their arrivals are motivated by different circumstances, in coming to a family and in the other case the search for work to acquire financial stability and consequently build family. Besides these two cases also I focused my attention to the social relations of six indigenous youth Potiguara studying at the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), that across the tome built a solidarity network in the capital, intensifying, when necessary, the ethnic belonging.

This work aimed at analyzing the configuration of the political agreement on health policy for Campina Grande city, between 2011 and 2015; determining the crises and privatizations nature and their influence on the political agreement; identifying and describing the relationship between the social movements, municipal entities and the political pact on local health. The theoretical framework of the study is based, mainly, on the concepts of political agreement and social agreement (GUERREIRO; BRANCO, 2011), health policy (PAIM, 2008), social control (BRAVO; MENEZES, 2009), democracy (GERSCHMAN, 2004), collective political subject (GRAMSCI, 2010; SILVA, 2013); civil society (FEURY, 1995) and hegemony (GALLO; NASCIMENTO, 1995; COUTINHO, 1999; SOUZA, 2013). The research hypothesis was that the health policy for Campina Grande city was negatively influenced by the agreement due to its conservative nature. In order to rich the said objective as well as to prove the referred hypothesis, an exploratory qualitative investigation was designed within an approach based on Marx`s dialectic method. Secondary data were collected by means of a bibliographic and documental review and primary data through a questionnaire to sixteen subjects representing six segments that function in the local health service from November, 2016 and august, 2017. The main results confirmed the research hypothesis and showed that (a) 58% of the research subjects made a negative evaluation of its impact on the city social movements and organizations, because it left no room for them to influence effectively on the execution of local health policy and in defense of Brazilian Health System , (b) 92,8% considered that there were more throwbacks than advances in the execution of that policy, (c) 78,5%, declared that the groups participating in the agreement are guided by personal interest and favor privatization of public services, and (d) 85,7% believed that privatization and prioritization of curative health instead of preventive health are the main causes for the city`s deficient basic health attention.