RCAAP Repository

Introduction: palliative care in the field of pediatric oncology aim to improve the life quality of the child with câncer, through the promotion of a humanized and integral care during the illness process and in the phase of terminality, as well as it propitiates support for the family. This dissertation is constituted by two articles, the first, the revision one is entitled: Palliative care and the child with cancer: bibliometric study. Objective: to analyze the scientific production published in online journals on palliative care and the child with cancer. Methodology: this is a bibliometric study, performed with a sample of 58 articles, published between 2006 and 2016 and selected in databases LILACS, MEDLINE e BDENF. Results: the years of 2013 and 2016 presented a higher quantitative of publications. From the 38 selected journals for the study, the one that published more on the thematic was the magazine Pediatric Blood Cancer. The United States of America was the country that presented the higher number of published articles. The publications produced by researches of the Nursing area and authors with doctor’s degree prevailed. Conclusion: the study demonstrated that there is a reduced number of disseminated publications in national and international online journals on palliative care related to child with cancer. The second is entitled: Family structure of child with cancer in palliative care: study in the light of Calgary Model of Family Evaluation. Objective: to analyze the family structure of children in palliative care in the light of Calgary Model of Family Evaluation. Methodology: this is a field research of qualitative nature and participated in the study five families of children with cancer in palliative care, represented by their genitors. The research took place in a support house for children and adolescents with cancer, located in the city of João Pessoa – PB, Brazil. To allow data collection were utilized the interview technique and the instruments genogram and ecomap to delineate internal, external structures and family context. This one occurred in the period from April to June 2017. Empirical material was analyzed in the light of Cangary Model of Family Evaluation. Results: the results from three aspects of family estructure: internal structure, external structure and context, it was possible to identify that from compositions of the families of the study, three are nuclear extended and two single parent. In what regards support network, most referred to friend, family and church support. The families of the study reported having a good relationship with neighbors. All mothers of children with cancer highlighted the importance of religion and spirituality to face the process of their sons’ sickness. Conclusion: genogram and ecomap instruments indicated to be of great relevance to better comprehend the family structure of children with cancer under palliative care, as well as they are of supreme relevance to plan the assistance of nursing to the child with cancer and its family.

Introduction: Aging is a dynamic and progressive process that includes morphological, functional, social and psychological changes. In view of this, there is a greater number of frequent incidents in the third age, such as falls, often generating partial or total dependence on this elderly person, who needs specific care. Objective: to evaluate the risk of falls in hospitalized elderly patients. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was carried out between April and October 2017 with 284 elderly patients hospitalized at the Clinic (Ala A and B), Surgical and Infectious-Parasitic Hospitals at a Public Teaching Hospital , located in the municipality of João Pessoa-PB. The Multivariate Correspondence Analysis technique was applied to evaluate the association between factors and the risk classification and the Chi-Square test to determine the risk categorization evaluated by the Morse Fall Scale. Study approved by the Ethics and Research Committee under opinion 2,193,755 and CAAE: n. 62128816.0.0000.5183. Results: Prevalence of male elderly, in the age group of 60 to 69 years, illiterate, pardos, married / stable union, with a monthly income of a minimum wage from retirement. It was identified that 45% of the elderly had a high risk of falls from and the Medical Clinic B was the hospitalization unit with the risk of falls higher according to the scores of the Morse Scale. The criteria of the secondary diagnostic scale and the use of intravenous therapy obtained a greater percentage of the elderly with high risk associated with falls. There was a significant association between the high risk of falls and urinary incontinence, impaired vision and the use of diuretic medications. Conclusion: The importance of assessing the risk of falls in the hospital environment was demonstrated, where the results found will help the health team in planning actions that reduce the risk of falls, providing a safer environment, with the help of specific tools that evaluate the risk of the hospitalized elderly person suffering this episode or not.

It is a qualitative research, in which the Thematic Oral History was used to obtain the main sources. The present study had the following objectives: To know the life history of women, mothers of autistics, their experiences of care, highlighting the obstacles / difficulties, and possible transformations when participating in the wheels of Integrative Community Therapy; Describe the main obstacles experienced by these women in caring for their children, and not caring for oneself; To highlight the transformations that occurred in the lives of these women after becoming participants of the TCI wheels; To identify whether women, mothers of autistic children, feel included and contemplated in the network of mental health care in the State of Paraíba. The study site was the public bandstand of the city of Cabedelo - Paraíba, where the wheels of integrative community therapy took place with women, mothers of autistic children. The empirical material was produced from a semi-structured interview with participants of at least 24 therapy wheels. In all, five collaborators were chosen, and the product of the material was discussed based on Minayo's thematic analysis methodology, from which four major thematic axes emerged: The loss of the idealized child and the Maria Syndrome; They are autistic mothers, their pains and their loves; Women's Therapy; The care network: Where are the mothers of autistic children? This research obeyed the ethical and legal aspects of the norms and guidelines set forth in resolution 466/2012 of the National Health Council, which regulates researches with human beings, attributed and conferred by Law No. 8,080, dated September 19, 1990, and by Law No. 8,142 of December 28, 1990. The archiving of collected material will be under the tutelage of the Graduate Program in Nursing of the Federal University of Paraíba (PPGEnf / UFPB). The discourse of the collaborators revealed that the mothers who care for their autistic children, although affectionate, bring in their speeches and altruistic attitudes, the appeal of those who suffer. This suffering has a social dimension, in that in this web are placed political, cultural, gender and community issues and reverberates in the physical and psychological field. They also revealed that community-based integrative therapies brought about changes, the main one being the triggering of a self-reflexive process about their roles. Although they did not feel they were covered by the state's mental health care network, these women were able to rebuild and take care of themselves. In this context, it can be seen that the TCI welcomed these mothers and stories of suffering and struggle allowing a contemplation of their true roles, Women.

Jean Watson’s Transpersonal Caring Theory is aligned with a proposal of transcendent care, capable of contemplating the individual integrally as body-mind-spirit. This philosophy of care transcends the periphery of a traditional care perspective and reaches the depth of consciousness of the subjects which take part in the moment of caring. The proposal of transcendent caring defended by the theorist awakened interest in the Masters candidate to build this dissertation, which analyses caring through Jean Watson’s theory, and it is composed of two articles. The first, a revision, was titles “Watson’s Transpersonal Caring Theory: an integrative review of literature” and aimed to analyze the scientific productions published in the world scenario regarding that theory in online journals. Its is an integrative review of literature with a bibliometric approach, which was done through access to Portal CAPES, EBSCOhost, PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS. The body of the research analysis was composed of 47 articles and the results show evidence that most studies were published in Brazil, the prevailing language was English, most publications were found in Portal CAPES, the qualitative approach was the most identified and the most frequent research scenarios were hospitals. The studies spoke of the Human Caring Theory, the Clinical Caritas Process and the practical scenarios of this theory. The second article, a field research of exploratory nature with a qualitative approach, was titled “Transpersonal caring: the comprehension of healthcare professionals and the assisted of a philanthropic institution” and it had two goals: investigating the discourse of volunteering professionals regarding the healthcare they perform in a philanthropic institution; and investigate the discourse of people regarding the care they received in a philanthropic institution. Those who took part in the study were healthcare professionals who perform volunteer work in a spiritualist institution and the assisted who are cared for by the aforementioned institution, inserted in a specific modality of care named Ostensive Service of Light (Grupo do SOL). The sample was composed of 5 healthcare professional and 7 of the assisted of Grupo do SOL. The empiric data was collected between the months of March and April 2018, through an interview, and analyzed through the technique of content analysis. The analysis of empiric data allowed the construction of the following categories: the understanding about care/caring in Health; expanding the care in health to transpersonal care; promoting an environment of physical and spiritual reconstitution. Subjective aspects of caring were brought forward through the eyes of the subjects involved in the caring relationship presented, essential aspects to establish a strong caring relationship through human and transpersonal characters stood out. Thus, the studied presented here show that the Theory of Transpersonal Caring may help promote wider and more effective human care because it contemplates the multiple dimensions which constitute the being, through a proposal of self-knowledge inherent to all the subjects which are united in a single consciousness of caring.

Introduction: Sequelae resulting from stroke often leads to dependence on others, which most often falls to an informal caregiver. It is necessary to use specific scales to detect the presence of overload in these caregivers, in the sense of to prevent consequences on their physical and mental health. Objective: To perform BCC transcultural adaptation in informal caregivers of patients with stroke sequelae to Brazilian Portuguese. Method: Methodological study of cross-cultural adaptation, which followed the following steps: Translation; Backtranslation; Consolidation of the translated version; and Semantic and content evaluation. Data were collected from 151 informal caregivers of patients with a stroke sequelae through home interviews, from September to December 2017. Psychometric tests were performed for validation and reliability of the scale and evaluation of the mean of BCOS items and their different groups. The research began after approval by the Ethics Committee in Research with CAAE of nº 71855817.0.0000.5188. Results: Translation and back translation showed few changes. Due to incomprehension of some items in the semantic and content validation was necessary its more detailed description. The last version of the scale was submitted to a pretest, which did not present comprehension problems. With the one-dimensional structure, the items factored with loads above 0.40, whose factor explained 42.54% of the variance. The commonality was of 0,167 to 0,505, the composite reliability (CC) of 0.92 and the mean variance extracted (VME) of 0.66. Unidimensionality was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha was 0.89, with values between 0.89 and 0.90 excluding each item. The BCOS presented convergent validity with affection and negative experience of subjective well-being (BES) and with the stress, anxiety and depression scale (EADS-21) and divergent with affection and positive experience of BES. The overall BCOS mean was 48.62, and that of the items ranged from 2.77 to 4.00. BCOS was associated with sex and length of care Conclusion: Adapted BCOS is a valuable screening tool for nurses to identify caregiver overload and priority areas for interventions.

Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of external sound stimulus, and is perceived in different ways. The presence of tinnitus may be associated with neuropsychiatric disorders and be influenced by personality traits. Resilience is one of the ways to seek improvement through the use of adaptive resources, and plays a key role in desensitizing the influence of tinnitus perception. Objective: To investigate the relation of resilience to the perception and annoyance of tinnitus, having as mediators, psychiatric symptoms and personality traits. Method: The instruments that were used for tinnitus data collection are the specific anamnesis for tinnitus, for collecting general symptom data; Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and Analog Visual Scale (EVA) for buzz nuisance data. In addition to acuphenometry, to obtain the sensation of frequency and intensity of tinnitus in each ear. To collect the psychological data, the Resilience Scale was used to obtain the three factors: Resolutions of Actions and Values; Independence and determination; Self-confidence and adaptability to situations; Big Five Inventory, (BFI) for collection of personality traits; and Adult Self-Report (ASR), to obtain data on psychiatric symptoms. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used through the t test, correlation, linear regression and multiple regression. Results: There was an association between tinnitus nuisance, personality (p <0.001 for neuroticism and openness to experience) and psychiatric symptoms (p = 0.013 for Anxiety and Depression, p = 0.011 for somatic complaints, p = 0.004 for internalisation of problems, p = 0.025 for critical items guided by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It was also observed association with the items of anxiety and depression in the right ear (p = 0.03) and somatic complaints in the left ear (p = 0.002), but no personality relationship was observed with sound intensity (p> 0.05). In addition, resilience has been shown to mediate between general emotional health (psychiatric symptoms) and the annoyance of tinnitus. Thus, it has a minor effect on the characteristics of tinnitus. However, resilience can serve as an indicator for future development of tinnitus-related suffering. Conclusion: Psychiatric symptoms and personality traits influence the perception of tinnitus, but no interference of resilience was observed. Thus, it is interesting that more in-depth psychological evaluations are performed in the population with tinnitus, so that it is possible to perform the appropriate treatment for each individual.

Brazilian deaf people use the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) to communicate and this is strictly visual, which leads to a formation of new neural possibilities facilitating neuroplastic processes. However, in addition, the interpreters / translators of Libras also make use of the language for professional use. Thus, this study aims to investigate whether deafness and / or frequent use of the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) are related to a better cognitive performance, taking as an indicator functions of ocular movement and perception of nuclei. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative research with 30 adult volunteers divided into three groups: 10 deaf users of Libras (Age M = 28.8 SD = 2.92), 10 listeners who are not aware of Libras M = 30.2 SD = 3.31) and 10 interpreters of Pounds (Age M = 34 SD = 3.02). The research was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of the UFPB under the CAAE protocol: 71610617.9.0000.5188. The instruments used were the socio-demographic questionnaire; the Desaturated Lanthony (D15d); the labyrinth test and the test of the seven errors in the device Eye tracker Tobii TX300. Using SPSS software, descriptive analyzes, normality tests and non-parametric tests were performed for data analysis. The results did not show significance for the Color Confusion Index (CCI) (p> 0.05), whereas in the labyrinth test there was significance for the following variables and only between hearing and deaf people: total time (X²=6.678; p=0.035 / U=10.100; p=0.031), amount of saccade (X²=10.170; p=0.006 / U=12.550; p=0.004), amount of fixations (X²= 7.742; p=0.021 / U=10.850; p=0.017), total duration of saccade (X²=7.161; p=0.028 / U=10.500; p=0.023), mean time of fixations (X²=8.225; p=0.016 / U=10.900; p=0.017). In the test of the seven errors, both the image of a boat and an elephant the average time of fixations showed significant evidence, in the boat image it was significant for the deaf and interpreter groups (X² = 6.204; p = 0.045 / U = 2.333, p = 0.019), in the image of the elephant for the deaf and hearing (X² = 12.751, p = 0.002 / U = 3.099, p = 0.001) and for the deaf and the interpreter (U = 3.024, p = 0.002). There was no correlation between the cause of deafness and the mean time of the fixations, nor the use of prosthesis and the average time of fixations. However, for the time of profession as interpreter and the mean time of fixation, there was significance (ρ = 0.665, p = 0.036). Considering that among the sensorial deficiencies, the deaf person uses the visual signals as the main form of sensorial processing of the world and the Libras is a visual language, we can consider that the acquisition of the Libras has relation with the improvement of performance, since the results show that in some aspects the performance of the deaf is superior, followed by the interpreters and finally the listeners.

In this thesis we study the influence of the geometry on the electronic properties of double carbon nanocones. We also propose an invisibility cloak detecting strategy by exploring the gometry of the cloak built using the theory of transformation optics. For the study of double carbon nanocones, we use the continuous model based on a Dirac Hamiltonian for massless fermions where topological defects are described through non-abelian gauge fields. For this we demonstrate how the Dirac equation can be obtained from the coupling of spin to the relativistic analogue of kinetic energy and demonstrate how the electronic properties of graphene can be modeled by an effective Dirac equation for massless fermions. We then develop the geometric approach that describes two cocnes in a single structure, by extending the radial coordinate to the whole set of real numbers. For a better understanding of the characteristics of this type of surface, we demonstrate the dynamics of a particle on this surface in classical, quantum and quantum-relativistic regimes. We then solve the effective Dirac equation for a free particle on double carbon nanocone surfaces. We show thet for some combinations of different nanocones, the local density of states near the apex of the cones is not zero in the Fermin energy and presents a strong dependence on angular momentum. We also get Landau levels for charged particles under the influence of an azimuthal magnetic field and do a detailed analysis of the energy spectrum considering the combinations of quantum numbers. We show how the magnetic field breaks the "summetry" between the cones by introducing states of different classes in each cone. The geometry of surface is also explored in the study of metamterials through the theory of transformation optics. We show how it is possible to manipulate in the laboratory the electric permittivity (e) and the magnetic permeability (u) of a dielectric and, in this way, obtain control over the refractive index of the medium. This approach allows us to model the geometry that reproduces a desired effect and determine the parameters of the dielectric that reproduces the desired geometry. More specifically, we explore how to construct a material capable of completely camouflaging an object within it, the so-called invisibility cloak. At the same time, we show how the invisibility cloak can be built, we propose a strategy to detect the presence of this cloak through the difference of phase generated by the curvature resulting from its building.

In this work, we investigate the influence of central potentials on the scalar field in three different scenarios: the Minkowski spacetime, spacetime with a space-like dislocation and a spacetime with an anisotropy caused by the violation of the Lorentz symmetry. In the Minkowski spacetime, we analyse the scalar field subject to the Klein-Gordon oscillator plus the linear and Coulomb-type potentials. In the spacetime with a screw dislocation, we investigate the effects of torsion on the scalar field. We discuss the analogous effect to the Aharonov-Bohm effect for bound states. In addition, we analyse rotating effects on the scalar field in spacetime with a screw dislocation and in the spacetime with a spiral dislocation. Next, we deal with the interface between a theory that goes beyond the Standard Model and quantum mechanics. We consider a background of the violation of Lorentz symmetry determined by the tensor field, and thus, analyse effects on the scalar field.

Snakebites represent a serious one health problem in the world, as well as economic losses in animal production systems. In Brazil, snakes of the genus Bothrops are responsible for most accidents. The specific treatment recommended in Brazil is the use of pentavalent antibotropic serum associated to the symptomatic auxiliary treatment, according to the severity of the accident. However this therapeutic treatment presents difficulties in obtaining and distribution, high cost, considerable immunological reactions and is not effective against to local tissue damage caused by venom. Therefore, new therapies that treat the effects of venom and/or complement the serum therapy are necessary. This study aims to evaluate the possible antiofidic activity of Creolin® against Bothrops jararaca venom. In adult Wistar rats, the bothropic venom was inoculated intramuscularly and immediately after administration of Creolin® orally, topically, intramuscularly, and the mixture: (Venom + Creolin®), intramuscularly. The animals were clinically evaluated for eight hours, then euthanized for collection of blood and tissue samples. Groups that had oral, topical, and muscle contact with Creolin® separately developed local symptomatology and laboratory findings similar to those receiving only the venom. However, the animals inoculated with the venom with Creolin® in a mixture did not show signs of local venom action (necrosis, hemorrhage) and presented hematological parameters within the normal range. These results suggest that Creolin® alone does not present antiofidic action, but when mixed the bothropic venom can partially inactivate its bioactive components. Therefore, more studies are needed to evaluate this alternative therapy used empirically.

This research focuses on the production of media in The Gideons International Association in Brazil. The activities related to the Association have been associated with musical practice, mainly non-written, and the events are inspired by the degrees generally promoted by the association where it is possible to contemplate the execution of chants founded, for the most part, that is, of European hymnology and North American The area of Education has a current perspective of a series of spaces and moments related to the teaching and learning of music, which has made possible reflections, interactions and discussions in the context of the construction of different pedagogical knowledges. In this sense, the objective is to investigate how music learning takes place in the association The Gideons International in Brazil. The objectives specified are: 1) to define international relations in Gideon; 2) investigate in a way the association The Gideons International experience the musical practice; 3) analyze a musical learning from collective singing; 4) understand how sociability relationships interfere in the musical learning process. This is a qualitative research, whose empirical field consists of participants from a unit of the Association, João Pessoa Norte. The techniques of data collection used were interviews, questionnaires and observations. The axes that guided the discussion were: the musical profile of the participants, the Association as a space for socialization, the members' musical baggage, the musical practices and the repertoire used. The study was relevant to the area of Music Education as teachers attentive to the recognition of the musical baggage of their students, friendship and camaraderie in the classroom, as well as appreciation of the student's speech. Another relevant aspect is the perception of the musical dialogue in a format of relaxation before an exacerbated rigor that can "plaster" the musical performance. It should also be highlighted that another relevant point for the area is in the sense of proposing a space that integrates students with different levels of learning.

This work investigated the continuing education in music and the perception of the teachers in front of the school contexts in the municipal public network of João Pessoa. In this sense, the central question of the research was How do the music teachers of the João Pessoa municipal public school system perceive the continuing education in relation to the demands of their classrooms? To answer the question, it was defined as a general objective, to investigate how music teachers perceive the continuous formation in relation to the demands of Elementary School classroom in the municipal public network of the city of João Pessoa. The specific objectives were: to characterize the profile of music teachers working in the Elementary School of this network, to identify the objectives of continuing education offered to music teachers and analyze how music teachers describe their students and their schools. The discussions carried out throughout the dissertation have, as theoretical basis, concepts of continuing education, teaching music in basic education and cultural diversity (FREIRE, 1996; NEIDSON, 2001; IMBERNÓN, 2010; CANEN; XAVIER, 2011; LUHNING, 2013; QUEIROZ, 2013), as well as the Brazilian educational legislation. A quantitative research approach was adopted through the survey method with application of questionnaires containing objective and open questions with 34 teachers of music, as well as documentary research on continuing education promoted by the Municipal Government of João Pessoa. The data collected were statistically at the software Statistical Package Social Science (SPSS). The results obtained provide a panorama on the teaching of music in this network of education, presenting the profile of music teachers, the social and cultural diversity of contexts and the teachers' perception of continuing education in the face of the demands of their classrooms. The music teachers of the João Pessoa network consider the school contexts challenging, and continuing education is an opportune space for the search for solutions in facing the many questions present in the classrooms and in the school environment as a whole. In addition, the data reaffirm the importance of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) as the main training institution of these professionals, since the great majority is composed of graduates from UFPB. The information obtained can subsidize arguments with public administrations, constitute data that will be discussed in disciplines of the degree courses in music, especially the one of the UFPB and contribute to the discussion on this subject in the Brazilian musical education.

In this work, we discuss the importance of inserting, in the teaching and learning process, the social network digital tools, Facebook, in the Portuguese Language classes, exploring its potential with its innumerable pedagogical resources and possibilities, aiming to awaken the active participation of learners in class, as well as overcome the challenges imposed on the teaching practice of Portuguese Language Teachers to train proficient readers with the use of Web 2.0 technologies, noting their difficulties and their preparation from their initial formation to their continuing education. Our theoretical contribution is based on the studies of Coscarelli (2016), Lévy (2010), Gabriel (2013), Porto and Santos (2014), Rojo (2012), Gomes (2016) among others that guide studies on teachers in the use of ICT to promote interactive teaching and collaborative learning. To collect the initial corpus, a structured interview was carried out with three teachers of Portuguese Language and 22 students from the Final Years of Primary Education - 9th grade. The locus of the research was the Public Network of the Municipality of Ferreiros PE. In the analysis of the corpus, we associate the text / discourse produced by the teachers with their pedagogical doing and their didactic and pedagogical conceptions. The trajectory we have outlined, seeks to outline the relationship between LP teachers and students with Web 2.0 technologies, highlighting current dilemmas and perspectives for teaching and learning. The applied activity aimed to take a proposal of teaching and learning mediated by the real use of a digital environment, in our case Facebook, for students and teachers. Through the collected data, the intervention proposal indicates the need to know the available tools to be able to explore its potentialities in the educational context and to know more about the insertion of the digital technologies in the teaching of Portuguese Language. We also note that reading and navigating online space, when well planned and well-conducted, is capable of developing multiple literacies. The use of ICT acts in the school as an attractive and motivating way to develop reading and writing skills with the authorship of the students, providing a dynamic, participatory and collaborative teaching and learning process in Portuguese language teaching. The results obtained from the execution of the intervention project served as a guide to our choices at the moment of construction of the activity proposal.

Cet étude est un abordage de la nature qualitatif comme interprétatif qui est basée dans une recherche bibliografique et documentaliste. Cette recherche a eu l´objectif d´anasliser les rapports des professeurs avec le but d´enqueter ses appréhensions concernants à les idées et à les orientations données dans la formation continué du PNAIC qui englobe la théorie, la pratique et la réflexion pour comprendre si les idées sont redéfinissantes des façons différents dans le procès d´appréhension. Nous avons commencé de l´hipothése que pendant le procès en formation, les professeurs font des appréhensions concernant aux contenus, aux thème, aux abordages et à les conceptions, ils saisissent les orientations théorique-méthodologiques de la proposition les redéfinissantes dans le procès d´appréhension et présentent appréhensions différenciés. Le Corpus amplié de cette recherche est formé de 300 rapports. Pour l´analise, nous avons consideré 36 rapports qui abordent la matière de langage : lécture, oralité, écrite et analise linguistique produit par professeurs d´alphabétisation qui participent de la formation de l´année 2015. Pour ça, nous soutenons notre discution, principalement dans les études de Soares (1998, 2003, 2004, 2014), Kleiman (2001, 2005), Koch (2010), Rojo (1998, 2009), Marcuschi (2001, 2008), Schneuwly et Dolz (2004), Baktin (1993, 1997, 2003, 2006, 2011), Bakhtin et Voloshinov (2004), Nóvoa (19991, 1992, 1995), Schon (1992), Zeichner (1993, 1997), Pimenta (1999, 2005), Libâneo (2008) et Imbernón (2010). En jugé les contribuitions de ces chercheurs et des hypothèse teoriques du PANAIC avec emphase dans les cahiers de formation, les resultés, ils ont été par manière de l´indentification des traces et de marques linguistiques et de texte qui sont presentent dans les rapports. Dans cette analise, mettre en evidence trois catégories avec ses respectifs thème et sous-thèmes. Dans la catégorie thèorie : thème 1. Formation, thème 2. Droite d´apprentissage, thème 3. Alphabétisation et maîtrise dans la catégorie « Pratique » : thème 1- Lécture et oralité sous- thème : antecipation de sens, lécture en voix haute par le professeur, réflexion et compréhension sur le texte lu, lécture a fait par les enfants et littérature infantil : la lécture des livres) ; thème 2. Écrite et analise linguistique (sous-thème : l´utilisation des jeux dans l´écrite, l´organization de différents groups, la réflexion et la reécrite) ; dans la catégorie « réflexion » : thème 1- Réflete sur la pratique (sous-thème : travail pédagogique) ; thème 2. Réflete sur le procès formatif (sousthème : en évalue la formation). Les analises mettrent en evidence les aspects : les fundamentations théoriques-méthodologiques qui enveloppent théorie, pratique et réflexion, presentents dans les orientations et dans les connaissances de la formation ont fait saisi d´une façon différente par les professeurs pendant le procès formatif, les orientations théoriques- méthodologiques de la formations du PNAIC, elles sont redéfinissantes par le professeur dans un procès d´appréhension individuel qui montre le développement professionel de chacun. L´appréhension des apects théoriques, pratiques et réfléxives de la formation est resulté dans une réfléxion plus grande sur la pratique, sur la formation et sur son parcous formatif qui confirme que le développement réflexive enseignant est différencié.

The human being seeks to maintain homeostasis aiming at a harmonious relationship with his environment. However, stressors can alter this balance. Stress can occur within physiological limits, and even be considered necessary in certain situations. However, in excessive situations it can cause damage to the body. The mechanism of this process is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HHA). Dementia is a clinical syndrome that progressively shaves the performance of activities of daily living. Thus, the person with dementia needs continuous and extended care from a caregiver (family or friend) to maintain daily activities. Scientific evidence demonstrates that performing this activity can leave a person overwhelmed or psychologically stressed by feeling unable to cope with the difficulties of the person with dementia and compromising the health and well-being of the caregiver. This research is necessary as informal caregivers of people with dementia may present changes in physical and psychological health related to the activities of caring for the person with dementia. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between psychological stress and its influence on physical health, resilience, anxiety and depression in informal caregivers of people with dementia. This is an Ex-Post Facto (correlational) study, which was carried out with 160 informal caregivers of people with dementia who are attending the Aging Neuropsychology Service (SENE) of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). Data collection was performed through the application of a Sociodemographic Questionnaire (QS) and Valued Scales (EVs) for the evaluation of: Physical Health, Anxiety, Depression, Overload and Resilience. The research was submitted on 07/12/2017 to the analysis for the issuance of the opinion of the Ethics Committee in Research of the UFPB, via registered in the Brazil Platform, and approved under CAAE: 80971217.3.0000.5188. Participating in the study were 160 informal caregivers of people with dementia who were overloaded and with the physical and psychological health affected by the care of the person with dementia (PcD). It was possible to perceive a significant correlation between levels of psychological stress and anxiety (0.406 **), as well as between those of stress and depression (0.323 **). Caregivers with exhaustion (fatigue) presented significant correlations with psychological stress (0.601 **), anxiety (0.388 **), and depression (0.334 **). Physical health also correlated with stress (0.636 **), anxiety (0.497 **), and depression (0.345 **). The existence of support groups in the community, involvement in activities such as yoga, pilates, dance, and aerobic exercises allow the deconcentration of daily life, culminating in a leisure involvement and mental self-care, facilitating the emotional discharge of stress. These interventions promote benefits for both the caregiver and the patient, because quality care requires that the caregiver be well with himself / herself. In this way, bringing to the conviviality, moments of fun and joy that allow to discharge the tiredness and sadness that torment the caregiver and still help the patient who is sentimentally connected to his caregiver.

Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD) is a disease characterized by a set of signs and symptoms, in which the pain is a very present and striking symptom, with a tendency to chronicity. The chronic pain is a difficult treatment condition, caused by mechanisms of maladaptive neuroplasticity. In face of this, Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) appears as a possible strategy for the treatment of chronic pain however, it needs further investigation of its therapeutic effect in TMD. The present study had as objective evaluate and to compare the efficacy of anodic tDCS, applied in two cortical regions separately (primary motor and dorsolateral prefrontal), in the pain symptomatology and, as well as, anxiety levels in individuals with chronic myofascial TMD. Therefore, a randomized, double-blind, controlled, cross-over, preliminary study was conducted. Individuals diagnosed with TMD chronic muscular were included by RDC/TMD. They received three different types of intervention whose order was randomized: anodic in the left primary motor cortex (M1), in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and sham stimulation. The intervention occurred daily (excluding the weekend) for a period of twenty minutes, during a week, totaling 05 sessions. Participants were assessed in relation to the intensity of pain and anxiety before and after treatment, through the following instruments: Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and State-trait anxiety Inventory (STAI), respectively. There were significant improvements in clinical pain in all stimulation protocols, with a relief of approximately 40% through the Visual Analogue Scale (p=0.001). There was no significant difference in the effect of tDCS between the different types of stimulation (p = 0.14). There was a positive impact in anxiety symptoms tracked by IDATE, revealing a significant decrease in state anxiety levels (p=0.035) and trait (p=0.009) after treatment. However, there was no difference between the types of stimulation in both the anxiety state (p=0.43) and trait (p=0.69). Participants reported a moderate change, but significant in their health status, development of their daily activities, emotions and quality of life. It was concluded that the use of tDCS improved the health status of patients with chronic myofascial TMD, promoting relief of pain, decreased level of anxiety, and quality of life.

Stuttering is a multidimensional and complex fluency disorder that has a genetic and neurofunctional basis. It presents numerous etiological factors that interact in a complex way and that, when associated, may have a direct relation. As an example of biological factors, the auditory abilities stand out as a factor that can interfere in the fluency of the speech. Therefore, the presence of disfluencies can be interconnected with temporal imprecision in speech perception, since fluent speech occurs from the interaction of acoustic aspects. As well, temporal processing skills can be considered as the basis of auditory processing, since many of the characteristics of auditory information are influenced by time. The focus of the present study was to identify not only the studies that have been demonstrating the relationship between auditory processing and stuttering, but also which temporal auditory processing abilities are altered in individuals with stuttering through auditory behavioral tests. Two articles were developed, the first corresponds to a Systematic Review, and the second to an Observational Study Article. The systematic review aimed to systematically review the scientific research that relates the temporal processing skills and speech fluency of individuals with stuttering. The second article evaluated 34 individuals (17 stuttering patients and 17 volunteers without stuttering or speech disorder) and showed that the "resolution and temporal ordering" abilities in stuttering individuals presented altered results. It is concluded that stuttering is associated with the presence of temporal changes, reinforcing the importance of including the evaluation of temporal auditory processing skills in the diagnosis of dysfluences.

The conditions of a semi-arid climate impose on the vegetation mechanisms of survival to the absence of water, which occurs in part in the caatinga biome. Although it presents a composition xeric, the caatinga also presents species of vegetation of humid environments in crystalline slopes and in ciliary forests. Regarding the crystalline slopes, they are distributed in the botanical understanding that comprises the top and not its surroundings, leaving a gap in the understanding of the hydrological potential that these outcrops provide. In view of this, this thesis consists in analyzing its hydrological and ecological potentials of the crystalline slopes as fundamental in the maintenance of more developed soils and diverse vegetation in these environments. The areas studied were the Salambaia Site located in the municipality of Cabaceiras-PB, and Serra da Engabelada in the municipality of Congo-PB, both of which are located in Cariri Paraibano. The methodology used consisted in the analysis of the physical environmental system of crystalline slopes, its characterization through remote sensing analysis, morphological description, phytosociological survey and generation of landscape units indicating the geomorphological typologies. With the characterization of the established study areas, a macroclimatic analysis was presented, expressing the behavior of the local semiaridity, where its parameters served as inputs to obtain the hydrological contribution. The consequences can be observed in the pedological and phytosociological results through ecohydrology. It was possible to observe that the crystalline slopes present more than 75% of hydrological contribution to their environment. This fact conditioned the generation of more developed soils with high potential of organic matter in the surface, which is reflected in the vegetal species more demanding in water found in these areas. Thus, the presented results express the dynamics of the local vegetation and the hydrological potential of the slopes. As for the thirteen soil profiles collected in the two study areas, it is observed that in the Salambaia site the soils close to the rock outcrops had 65% organic matter on the surface, while in the Engabelada 50% range, which conditioned the nine species of plants with higher water requirement, totaling these 296 occurrences of individuals in the Salambaia site, while Serra da Engabelada presented 98 individuals. The allocation of water in its surroundings helps to maintain these environments, where a refuge is evidenced maintained by the rocky outcrop, consisting of a zone of exception of caatinga.

Various forms of use natural spaces induce various transformations in the natural dynamics of the landscape. Thus, the inadequate management of the environment, superior to the capacity of support, has increased the conditions of degradation and transformation of the landscape. This work had the objective of performing an analysis of the Potentiality and Environmental Vulnerability of the watershed Canhoto River, taking into account the integration of the elements acting in the landscape. In this way, a relation of the natural and anthropic elements was adopted, precisely the precipitation, temperature, vegetation cover, relief dissection, soils, lithology and land use, aiming to establish the level of potentiality and environmental vulnerability for sustainable use of the object of study. With the use of this information, the paper proposes a proposal of environmental zoning, based on the mapping and analysis of potentiality and environmental vulnerability, in order to characterize areas that need changes in the way of management. Thus, geoprocessing and remote sensing techniques were used to carry out the work, collecting, processing, storing and analyzing information about the watershed Canhoto River. In this sense, with the help of integrative theoretical aspects to foment work, using map algebra to establish a hierarchy and an integration of the lithological, soil, vegetation cover, relief, precipitation and land use aspects of the study object. Thus, the mapping of Potentiality and Environmental Vulnerability was established, establishing 5 classes: Very High Potentiality, High Potentiality, Intermediate Level, High Vulnerability and Very High Vulnerability. We can analyze that the environmental vulnerability is greater than the areas of potentiality in the watershed Canhoto River. Adding the classes of vulnerability, we will have about 434,994 km², higher than the intermediate level that is 407,030 Km². In counterpoint, adding the classes of potentiality we will have 347,108 Km². Being a difference of 87,887 Km² between the classes of vulnerability and potentiality. For the environmental zoning were established 4 classes: Rehabilitation, improvement, use and preservation. From the quantification of the areas of the environmental zoning classes, the Utilization class has the largest amount, with approximately 400 km² emphasizing that one can better take advantage of the current use pattern, interspersing with other functional and / or environmental uses. Following the Utilization class, comes the Improvement with about 305,633 km² of areas that need to optimize the current use through alternative techniques to reach the objectives of the functional flow, without losing the environmental value. Followed by this last class, comes the Rehabilitation with 250, 039 Km² of areas that need significant change. Finally comes the lowest class of the mapped environmental zoning, the Preservation with approximately 233 km², showing that they are areas with good potential, but it is necessary to maintain a planning focused on sustainability. Considering the data collected, we can see that the watershed Canhoto River has a higher level of Environmental Vulnerability, since both naturally and suffering anthropic influences together the classes of High and Very High vulnerability form the largest areas, while those of Very Low and Low vulnerability are minor.

The Program for the Improvement of Primary Healthcare Access and Quality (PMAQ – AB, Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica, in Portuguese) is designed to advance the population’s access to services, to improve the work conditions and the quality of services provided, as well as defray staff training. This work proposes creating a methodology of analysis for the External Assessment phase of the Program for the Improvement of Primary Healthcare Access and Quality (PMAQ – AB). This is a quantitative-approach ecologic, descriptive, inferential study. Data were collected and tabulated in 2016 and 2017 from all the healthcare teams that adhered to the program in Brazil. The variables concern the following: Municipal Management for the Development of Primary Healthcare, Employee Appreciation, and Healthcare Access and Quality and Work Process Organization of the PMAQ-AB. Information were standardized and submitted to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of data, with help from the R software and Excel spreadsheets. A total of 10,213 Family Health Teams (eSF, Equipes de Saúde da Família, in Portuguese) were assessed and 05 Principal Components (PC) were observed, among which the PC1 (0.65) had the highest relevance. Brazil’s Southeast region (n=4.770) had the highest number of teams assessed whereas the Central-Western region had the lowest number (n=545). The Dimension Municipal Management for the Development of Primary Healthcare had a positive result, especially due to managers’ support to the organization of the work process, as well as support provided by the institution and the head office to the teams; the dimension Employee Appreciation showed that professionals are financially undervalued and there is little investment in permanent training and incentive to career plan. Meanwhile, the results for the dimension Healthcare Access and Quality and Work Process Organization showed that the access and quality of healthcare and the organization of the work process are limited in most of the eSF, especially the Coordination of the healthcare network and problem solving, team action planning, organization of schedules, organization of patients’ records, taking in self-referrals, following up cases of Tuberculosis and Hansen’s disease, mental health, home care and visitations, promoting health, users’ participation, social control in the management of SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde, in Portuguese) and service to special populations, such as rural, Indian, Quilombo, and settlement populations. Evaluating a health system is a complex process which requires great effort to sensitize managers, professionals and users. The information obtained through the External Evaluation of the PMAQ-AB in Brazil, when analyzed through PCA, indicated weaknesses in essential areas for the healthcare policies, which may hinder improved access and the quality of primary healthcare.