RCAAP Repository

O presente trabalho monográfico se propõe a analisar a controvérsia doutrinária acerca da aplicação da Delação Premiada, em especial, na realidade brasileira. A origem deste instituto remonta a muitos anos atrás, no direito estrangeiro, de onde foi importado, posteriormente, para o ordenamento pátrio trazendo grandes influências. No Brasil, seus primeiros sinais revelam-se na época das Ordenações Filipinas, tempo em que nosso país ainda era colônia de Portugal. Atualmente, encontra-se presente de maneira dispersa em vários diplomas diferentes. Um dos motivos propulsores de discussão, é justamente o fato de não haver, ainda, uma lei específica que pormenorizadamente trate das condições e formas corretas de aplicação deste instituto, de modo que, encontram-se requisitos diferentes para a sua concessão a depender da lei que se está analisando. Outro ponto, é a validade da Delação como meio de prova no processo penal pois, parte da doutrina defende que ela tem eficácia absoluta, podendo desta maneira, por si só, motivar uma condenação, enquanto a outra parte assevera que a delação é um instituto muito frágil, carecendo de confirmação por meio de outras provas presentes nos autos. Uma das questões mais polêmicas quanto à delação premiada gira em torno da sua relação com a ética e a moral. Sua prática é repreendida por um grande setor da doutrina que entende trata-se tal instituto de uma traição, estimulada pelo Estado, em troca de um benefício, que vai desde a redução da pena até a sua extinção. Os argumentos contrários a este entendimento reivindicam alegando que sua aplicação é justificada em razão do seu contributo à persecução criminal na defesa da segurança pública. Outros temas discutidos pelos mais diversos autores e que procurou-se abordar se referem ao momento processual em que a delação deve ocorrer, bem como qual seria a autoridade competente para realizar o acordo, matérias sobre as quais encontram-se opiniões doutrinárias bastante divergentes.

Inflammation is generated in response to noxious stimuli, such as pathogens, and may be associated with an acute pathogenesis or progress to a chronic process. Gamma-terpinene (GT) is a monoterpene that, in previous studies, presented antiinflammatory action in acute inflammatory processes. The present work aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic mechanisms of GT in murine models of acute (Acute Pulmonary Injury - ALI) and chronic inflammation (rhinitis and asthma). For this, BALB/c mice were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce ALI and were treated one hour post challenge with GT (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg) for three days. After 72 h the animals were euthanized for collection of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). For murine models of rhinitis and asthma, BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) and were treated with GT (12.5; 25 and 50 mg/kg) or standard drug (dexamethasone 2 mg/kg) 1 h before each challenge with OVA. After the last challenge, animals were submitted to clinical symptoms analysis of rhinitis and anxiety and immunological tests in the asthma model. In the ALI protocol, animals GT-treated (50 mg/kg) presented, in nasal fluid lavage (NALF), a decrease in the migration of total and differential cells (neutrophils and mononuclear cells), total protein concentration, as well as lung weight, when compared with OVA group. Histopathological studies showed that treatment with GT50 decreased the cellular infiltrate in the alveolar and vascular regions, edema and hemorrhage. In immunological parameters, GT50 treatment presented a decrease in inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as decreases in the expression of the TLR4 receptor, p38 MAPKinase and p65NFkB. In rhinitis protocol, treatment with GT50 showed a decrease in clinical symptoms, such as nasal friction and sneezing, in addition to a decrease in BALF of total and differential cells, mainly eosinophils. Histopathological analyses of the nasal cavity, the treatment with GT50 promoted a decrease in cell infiltrate, mucus secretion and mast cell number. The treatment with GT50 in asthma protocol showed a significantly decrease in anxiety rates compared to OVA animals (sick), effect similar to diazepam (1 mg/kg), presenting an anxiolytic effect. Treatment with GT50 also decreased c-fos expression in brain areas such as the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) when compared to the OVA group. In the histological analyzes there was a decrease in cell infiltration and mucus secretion in the lung tissue. In addition, treatment with GT50 decreased immunological parameters such as: IgE-OVAspecific levels; migration of total and differential cells mainly eosinophil in BALF and modulation of the Th2 response by inducing both Th1 profile by secretion of IFN cytokine and regulatory profile, by secretion of cytokine IL-10. Treatment with GT50 was also able to decrease Th2 profile cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13, in addition to decreasing the activation of p38 MAPquinase and p65NFkB receptor expression. These data indicate that GT has both anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory properties in acute and chronic processes by inhibition of MAP kinasep38 and the transcription factor NFκB.

The microstructural characterization of the weld interface is not a condition characterized by norms that govern the application of steels in the oil and gas sector. Due to the report of faults occurring in these components and attributed to the considerable influence of the microstructure on the mechanical properties of the welded component, several researches have been developed to determine the best welding procedure that results in components with mechanical properties appropriate to the application in such aggressive environments mechanical and chemically. Due to this, this work has the objective of analyzing the mechanical and microstructural behavior of the buttery soldering interface used in dissimilar joints for applications in offshore structures submitted to cathodic protection. The GMAW welding process was used in the brazing of SAE 8630M with the consumable AWS ERNiCrMo-15 (Inconel 725). For protection of the arc and the melt pool was used the mixture 75% Ar + 25% He. The influence variables were the stress relief thermal treatment (with TTAT and without TTAT) and the current mode (conventional and pulsed). The response variables analyzed are microstructure, microhardness and hardness. As a result, the use of TTAT was not necessary for the samples, considering that it generated a higher frequency of zones susceptible to cracks and did not guarantee desired levels of microhardness (HV0,025) in these partially diluted zones (ZPDs).

In recent years, interest in alloys with low superelasticity shape memory has been increasing. The percentage of stress-induced martensite, not recovered after the release of mechanical loading, has been thermally converted to achieve industrial applications. In this work, the influence of the deformation velocity and the temperature on the residual deformation of Cu-Al-Mn alloys, modified with the addition of Ti-B, capable of the shape memory effect, were evaluated for their use in bonding devices of low processing cost. The alloys were prepared without atmosphere control and were characterized microstructurally via optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The thermomechanical properties were evaluated by static tensile and cyclic loading / unloading tests. The results showed that the alloy has a completely austenitic phase at room temperature, presenting a structure of type L21. It was found that martensitic transformation tensions increased with higher loading speeds, as well as residual deformation. The average value of ruptured deformation was approximately 13%. Regarding the variation of the imposed deformation percentage, the superelasticity decreased as the percentage was increased and the residual deformation increased. The results presented indicate the viability of Cu-8.15Al-10.71Mn-0.43Ti-0.086B alloy for applications requiring alloys with high thermal hysteresis.

The toughness response depends on the crack opening modes. Metals present different values of fracture toughness depending on the type of load acting ahead of the crack tip. Although there are 3 different types of loading modes, plus the combined modes, that cracks can be submitted, only mode I of loading (tensile) is standardized. One of the most widely used tests for obtaining the CTOD is the 3-point flexural test, which, even though it’s considered a mode I loading test, is in fact a mixed-mode I/II test since the 3-point bending configuration causes both tensile and shear stress. Several studies have shown that increasing the mode II component in mixed mode loading causes a reduction in the toughness value in steels. There is a worldwide interest in developing a standardized methodology to obtain the CTOD in mixed mode, since under real operating conditions the mechanical components are subjected to loading modes that don’t always corresponds to those performed in laboratory testing, making it necessary to define a scenario that better represents the service conditions. In this context, it is important to understand and quantify the shear effect in the mode I testing procedure already standardized for the development of a mixed mode test methodology. For this purpose, it was proposed to compare the results of CTOD obtained by symmetrical bending test at 3 and 4 points, since the latter only causes tensile load in the midsection of the test specimen, therefore representing a pure mode I testing. The obtained toughness values showed little difference between the tests performed and the reasons for such results were addressed.

This dissertation aims to observe the behavior of the adsorption dynamics applied to an adsorption bed that works with the pair activated carbon and ethanol, by the computational fluid dynamics simulation with the help of Ansys CFX software. The simulations were prepared in LABRADS / CEAR / UFPB, using Ansys Workbench software, in which the geometries were drawn in the Design Modeler component and the mesh was created in the Meshing. Then, all boundary conditions were entered in the CFX according to the reference used for validation. Then, all boundary conditions were inserted in the CFX-Pre software according to the reference used for verification. Once this stage was completed, sources terms were added to be considered in the continuity and conservation equations. These terms were constructed using expressions that considered functions generated from points extracted from curves representative of the adsorption rate for the studied domains. Another point that deserves to be highlighted in this study is that three different geometries (Domains I, II and II) with variations in height and width, maintaining the same volume, and for the three cases, the same contour conditions were applied. As results, pressure drops were found for domains I, II and III, demonstrating that for the higher and narrow domains observes a bigger pressure gradient, as is verified in the reference. Regarding the temperature gradients relative to the same domains, a bigger temperature variation was found, for the wider and lower domains. The representative contours of the pressure gradient and the thermal diffusion through the adsorbent particles, that were obtained for the different domains, presented to compatible approximation in results and in behaviors with the respective data used for verification.

This thesis analyzes how Augmented Reality (AR) can help the architectural design process in Architecture Project teaching environment. It seeks to identify, characterize and understand the advantages and disadvantages, difficulties and potentials in use of AR under aspects of hardware, software, use during the architectural design process and student acceptance. AR technologies are in constant development, but least explored as to their benefits and potential applied to the AECO Industry (Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operation) for designing architectural projects in undergraduate teaching of Architecture. Besides, the constant need to improve project development processes is widely debated, which may justify AR study on immediate opportunities, demands, and potentials. The experiments of this dissertation are applied in three disciplines: Modeling and Prototyping (Postgraduate Program in architecture and Urbanism - PPGAU); Project IV and 3D Modeling (graduation of Architecture and Urbanism - UFPB). The thesis is an applied research, with exploratory and experimental objectives. Seven exploratory experiments are made to define the final experiment. The first two experiments explore techniques of instrumental use, mobile devices, limits of tools, ideal situation of illumination and reading of markers are explored; The following two experiments deal with AR and BIM (Building Information Modeling) used on architectural project design environment; Finally, the three final experiments analyzes the tools to find solutions regarding the use of AR detected in a project workshop. BIM in the interest of this research is treated as a base that can be used in the context of AR. This is due consideration of the tangible aspects on 3D model and building development with potential information. From the seven initial experiments to the final experiment, the protocols were adjusted with improvements in some points considered as difficulties of AR use, during phases of elaboration of architectural projects. In the final experiment, study participants follow protocols for the development and presentation of their projects regarding the use of equipment and software. They are appreciated from the moment of orientation of the students with the teacher until the presentation and visualization of the results obtained in the disciplines. It is possible to understand the results in a qualitative way from analysis of procedures tested in the experiments, direct observations, questionnaire analyzes and focus group discussion. As a result, advantages and disadvantages, as well as current potentials and difficulties with AR tools during the project design process are pointed out. AR using, in this context, was concluded as viable, since adapted according to the protocols that make its use suitable for a more fluid use by the students.

Wooden Breast (WB) is an anomaly that occurs in poultry characterized by changes in the Pectoralis major, such as pale, swollen areas and hardened areas, either partial or total. WB is sent to the production of products of lower commercial value, due its sensorial rejection by the consumers. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of the use of WB on the preparation of fresh sausage, characterizing its technological properties and physical-chemical and sensorial parameters during storage under commercial freezing at -20 °C for 180 days. It was elaborated three types of fresh sausages: using 100% Normal chicken breast (N), 100% WB and 50% N and 50% WB (N + WB). WB meat presented higher pH, L* value, moisture content, cooking losses, shear force (SF), hardness, chewiness, adhesiveness and gumminess, when compared with N breast. On the other hand, water holding capacity (WHC) and protein content were higher in N. Fresh sausages produced with 100% WB and 100% N presented close values of CRA, a* and b* values, protein content and TBARS; and these differed from the mixed formulation (N + WB). The ADQ did not presented sensorial differences among the three formulations of fresh sausages. It was observed a decrease in WHC and in a* and b* values for the fresh sausages throughout the storage under commercial freezing. WB fresh sausages presented greater SF, hardness chewiness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness and resilience during the 180 days; besides a more pronounced reduction in WHC. Regardless of the formulation, there was an increase in TBARS values, which exceeded the limit of rancid detection. The results indicate that WB fresh sausages present greater lipid oxidation stability and can be commercially stored at -20°C for 190 days or 200 days when formulated with N + WB. N fresh sausages can be stored for up to 171 days under the conditions of the present study. The results indicate that the WB meat can be used in the industry to prepare processed products of the fresh type (sausage), whether or not combined with N meat. The elaboration of fresh chicken sausage with WB meat is a viable alternative for the poultry industry to reduce the economic losses conferred by this myopathy.

In the different biomes of Brazil are produced a great diversity of native and exotic fruits. The largest production is concentrated in the Amazon Forest, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes. Currently, some of these fruits, such as açaí, cupuaçu, graviola, raspberry, jabuticaba, blackberry, blueberry and cajá, present a high demand in the internal and external markets, due to the beneficial effects on the health of the consumer, particularly due to the nutritional composition and presence of bioactive compounds responsible for high antioxidant activity. Studies on the profile of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in fruit pulps are still scarce, however, they are important to elucidate their functional potentialities, and thus, contribute to the expansion of their consumption, due to the growing search for products that provide health benefits. This work aimed to evaluate the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Brazilian fruit pulp after gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. The fruit pulps used in this experiment were obtained from several Brazilian agroindustries, all complying with the standards of identity and quality required by the legislation in force in Brazil. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion simulated the conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis of the mouth (a-amylase), stomach (pepsin) and intestine (pancreatin) coupled with a dialysis membrane for simulation of the intestinal wall. The bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds was determined from the percentage of the dialysate fraction. For the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds the liquid chromatography system was coupled to the UV detector. The antioxidant activity of the dialysate fraction was evaluated by DPPH• capture methods. and the reducing capacity of Fe +2. Principal components analysis was applied to verify similarities and differences between the groups of phenolic compounds and methods of evaluation of antioxidant activity. The content of phenolic compounds and their bioaccessibility varied in the fruit pulp studied. The highest content of phenolic compounds was found in the blueberry pulp followed by graviola, açaí, raspberry, blackberry, cajá, cupuaçu and jabuticaba. The results demonstrated a greater bioaccessibility of flavonoids and phenolic acids in relation to anthocyanins. The highest bioaccessibility was found in catechin, procyanidins, quercetin 3-glucoside, rutin, syringic acid, caftaric acid, chlorogenic acid and cis resvesratrol, contributing to antioxidant activity. Changes in the content of phenolic compounds reflected in the reduction of antioxidant activity after simulation of gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. The results showed that in vitro gastrointestinal digestion influences the content of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of fruit pulp. In addition, blackberry and cajá fruit pulps demonstrated the highest values of bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity, and their consumption through diet may contribute to the increase of endogenous antioxidant activity.

The objective of this thesis was to evaluate and elucidate the action of red wine phenolic compounds on the oxidation reactions in marinated meat and the active redox capacity of resveratrol in model systems involving human serum protein and lactic acid bacteria. In the first study, the impact of marination with red wines produced from different grapes on oxidative stability and on the overall quality of beef (Longissimus lumborum) was evaluated during 7 days of refrigerated storage at 4 ºC and also in roasted beef. Four marking systems were conducted: Carbernet (CAB), Tempranillo (TEM) and Isabel (ISA), including a control, using water. In the steaks stored under refrigeration, it was observed that the specific phenolic components present in the wine were responsible for several bioativities. The ISA wine components protected proteins more effectively against oxidation, as well as improving the tenderness of steaks when compared to other treatments. However, CAB and TEM varieties, rich in procyanidins, were more effective against lipid oxidation. The phenolic composition and organic acid content of ISA wines may explain its antimicrobial effects against enterobacteria, while sugars may have promoted the growth of lactic acid bacteria in CAB and TEM treatments. In the steaks marinated and submitted to the cooking process it was verified that the ISA also demonstrated a greater protection capacity against the oxidation of the proteins, it was also effective in controlling the formation of volatile compounds derived from lipids, besides positive contributions were verified in the sensorial attributes two steaks. In general, the marination process with wine has brought benefits to bovine steaks, and in particular wines produced with Isabel grapes even being sensorially considered a wine of inferior quality, when compared to the wines produced with Vitis vinifera grapes can be used as functional ingredient in products meat. The second experiment evaluated the ability of a specific wine component, resveratrol (RES), to neutralize the oxidative damage caused by pathological concentrations of methylglyoxal (MGO) and glyoxal (GO) in human serum protein. Resveratrol neutralized both a-dicarbonyls by forming adducts and the antioxidant action resulted in a significant reduction of AGEs (Advanced glycation end products). However, pro-oxidant action of resveratrol was also observed, since resveratrol-a-dicarbonyl conjugates oxidized Cys34 (Tiol) and lysine, arginine and / or proline by a nucleophilic attack to SH (sulfhydryl group) and e-NH amino) in HSA (human serum albumin). Future studies still need to be developed to further elucidate the pro-oxidative role of the RES-a-dicarbonyl conjugates as well as mechanisms of redox signaling and / or oxidative damage reflex and disease should also be considered in future studies. The third study provided an original insight into the genetic and molecular basis of Lactobacillus reuteri PL503 responses against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Resveratrol (100 µM) has been shown to protect L. reuteri PL503 against plausible protein carbonylation through various mechanisms, including direct elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS), up-regulation of the dhaT gene and promotion of the synthesis of compounds containing sulfur. Carbonylation of proteins as a reflection of oxidative damage to bacteria and their consequences, as well as the role of carbonyl proteins as signaling molecules implicated in bacterial responses to oxidative stress, need to be further investigated.

Mentha piperita L. essential oil (MPEO) has been proposed as a promising alternative to preserve fruits juices, however effective concentrations of MPEO may reach the consumer’s sensory rejection threshold. The combined application of EOs and mild heat (MH) or emerging technologies, such as pulsed electric field (PEF) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), has been reported as a strategic option for the incorporation of EOs into juices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the combined application of sensorially accepted concentrations of MPEO with MH, PEF or HHP in the inhibition of pathogens in tropical fruit juices. In the first step of the study, the compromised acceptance threshold (CAT) and rejection threshold (RT) of MPEO were determined in cajá (Spondias mombim L.), guava (Psidium guajava L.) and mango (Mangifera indica L.) juices. The efficacy of MPEO concentrations below the RT againt Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 in these juices were evaluated alone and combined with MH (54 ºC; 8, 10 or 12 min). The effects of the combined application of MPEO and MH on the physical-chemical parameters of the studied juices were also evaluated. In the second step, the MPEO concentrations below RT were evaluated in nanoemulsions (n-MPEO) applied alone or combined with MH (50, 52 or 54 ° C), PEF (20, 25 or 30 kV/cm) and HHP (150, 200 or 300 MPa) against E. coli O157: H7 in guava and mango juices. The minimal inhibitory concentration of OEMP against E. coli O157: H7 and S. Enteritidis PT4 was 5.0 µL/mL. The CAT of MPEO was 0.30 µL/mL in cajá juice, 0.31 µL/mL in guava juice and 0.32 µL/mL in mango juice. The RT of MPEO was 1.36 µL/mL in cajá juice and 1.34 µL/mL in guava and mango juices. Only MPEO concentrations close or higher (= 1.25 µL/mL) than RT caused reductions of = 5 log10 CFU/mL in survival counts of E. coli O157:H7 and S. Enteritidis PT4 in in cajá, guava and mango juices. The combined use of MPEO concentrations below the RT (0.16, 0.31 or 0.63 µL/mL) and MH (54 ° C) caused a reduction = 5 log10 CFU/mL in counts of E. coli O157: H7 and S. Enteritidis PT4 in samejuices. The time to achieve the 5 log10 CFU/mL reduction of the initial population of pathogens decreased when the MPEO concentration used in combination with the MH increased. The MPEO combined with MH did not change the monitored physicochemical parameters in cajá, guava and mango juices. The n-MPEO (5.0 µL/mL) prepared by the emulsion phase inversion (EPI) method presented size < 200 nm, polydispersity index = 0.32, antimicrobial stability and efficacy against E. coli O157: H7 during 4 months storage. Compared to MPEO suspension (s-MPEO) at the same concentration, n-OEMP showed a greater long term antimicrobial efficacy in mango juice. In combination with MH, PEF and HHP, n- MPEO concentrations (0.16, 0.31 and 0.63 µL / mL) showed similar or greater efficacy than s- MPEO against E. coli O157: H7. The efficacy of combined treatment varied with the n-MPEO concentration, electric field intensity or applied temperature. The results indicate the use of MPEO concentrations (in suspension or nanoemulsion) below RT in combination with MH, PEF and HHP as feasible technologies for preservation of tropical fruit juices.

Fruit juices, widely consumed due to their attractive taste chacarteristics, refreshing aspect and nutrient richness, are susceptible to microbial spoilage, mainly by yeast.Several conservation technologies are applied in order to extend the shelf life of fruit juices, however, there is a growing consumer demand for less use of synthetic preservatives inn these products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of essential oils of Mentha piperita L.(MPEO), M.spicata L. (MSEO) and M. x villosa Huds. (MVEO) to inactivate spoilage yeasts (Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, Pichia anomala and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB) and in cashew, guava, mango and pineapple juice for 72 h refrigerated storage. The effects of incorporating of an effective dose of MSEO (1.875 uL/mL) to inhibit yeasts tested on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of fruit juices were evaluated. The effects of MPEO on membrane integrity, membrane potential, enzyme activity and efflux pump activity of S. cerevisiae in cashew and guava juice through the use of propidium iodide (PI), oxonol trimetin (DIBAC4 (3)), fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and ethidium bromide (EB) were evaluated using flow cytometry. The MPEO and MSEO displayed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.875 uL/mL against the yeast strains tested, while, the MVEO displayed a MIC of 3.75 uL/mL. A> 5 log reductions in the counts of C. albicans, P. anomala and S. cerevisiae were observed in cashew and guava juices containing 7.5 and 3.75 uL/mL of the MPEO; however, these concentrations were not effective to cause the same reduction in yeast counts in mango and pineapp juices over storage time evaluated. The incorporation of 3.75 uL/mL of MSEO or 15 uL/mL of MVEO caused a ≥ 5 log reductions in the counts of C. albicans, P. anomala and S. cerevisiae in SDB; 1.875 uL/mL of MSEO or 15 uL/mL of MVEO caused ≥ 5 log reductions in the counts of P. anomala and S. cerevisiae in cashew and guava juices. In pineapple juice, 3.75 uL/mL of MSEO caused ≥ 5 log reductions in the counts of P. anomala and S. ceverisae; 15 uL/mL of MVEO caused ≥ 5 log reductions in S. cerevisae counts in mango juice. The incorporation of 1.875 uL/mL of MSEO did not affect the physicochemical parameters (soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity) of the tested juice as well as did not induce negative impacts to cause its possible sensorial rejection. Particularly, fruit juices with MSEO were reported as having characteristic juice color, pleasant taste and refreshing taste; howerer, they also obtained high scores for non-characteristic fruit aroma and mint odor and taste. The incorporation of 1.875 uL/mL of MPEO into cashew and guava juices strongly compromised membrane permeability, membrane potential, enzymatic activity and efflux pump activity in S. cevevisiae cells, revealing a action mechanism involving different functions in the target cell. The results obtained in this study show, in general, the potential of essential oils extracted from Mentha species, particularly MPEO and MSEO, as antimicrobials for use in the formulation strategies of contaminant yeast control of fruit juice.

In the search for new synthetic compounds and the development of new drugs, organoselenium compounds have been prominent in the last decades, mainly because they present a wide range of biological activities such as: antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, etc. In this work, we describe the synthesis of selenoglicolicamides, the antimicrobial, leishmanicide and cytotoxicity studies of the compounds. Selenoglycolicamides were obtained in yields between 70-80% and were characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. In the in vitro antimicrobial evaluation, the selenoglycolicamides presented activities against the different strains of Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range of 16-256 µg/mL, highlighting the compounds HSe-01, HSe-06, HSe-09 that presented an MIC between 16-64 µg/mL. In the antibacterial evaluation against tetracycline resistant Staphylococcus aureus by modulating efflux pump resistance, selenoglycolicamides presented a potential adjuvant for the antibiotic, presenting a reduction factor of tetracycline MIC up to 512 times. In the antifungal activity, only HSe-01 and HSe-09 compounds exhibited inhibitory activity against Candida strains with MIC between 512-1024 µg/mL. The leishmanicidal evaluation in L. amazonensis promastigote cells shows that selenoglycolicamides with halogens in their structures showed IC 50 of less than 10 µM, especially for compound HSe-05 with an IC50 of 5.46 µM. In the cytotoxic evaluation against tumor cells, the selenoglycolicamides that stood out the most in the inhibition of cell growth (IC%) were: HSe-02 and HSe-07 with 49% inhibition against the MCF-7 lineage; HSe-02 and HSe-05 with 100% inhibition against the HEp-2 lineage and HSe-05 with 99.56% inhibition in the HL60 lineage. In the determination of the IC50 in the HL-60 tumoral lineage, selenoglicolicamide HSe-02 presented an IC50 of 3.42 µg/mL.

In this work we will present two important tools of the Commutative Algebra: the Serre’s conditions and the Jacobian criterion. Later, we will explore applications that aim to characterize normal rings and present an effective calculation to obtain the symbolic powers of an ideal via Jacobian matrices.

To investigate, the Sunni Islamic communities in Paraíba and Pernambuco wild through anthropological contributions, as Muslim identities and how these reverse individuals perceive themselves as participants of transnational Islamic community, the ummah are built. Through participant observation and discourse analysis of supporters of the Islamic religion, to understand how is this religious experience of "being Muslim" in northeastern Brazil. Understanding from Islamic theological categories of Tawhid / Taweed and reversal modes of assimilation and sharing of practices of transnational faith community, networks and flows of these communities in their transits of faith and your new settings from the Brazilian context by these individuals. the search field raids were carried out in the cities of João Pessoa (PB), Caruaru (PE) and Canhotinho (PE) in the search for discourse and practices of Muslims. It understood that the assimilation of religion and their experience as members of the Islamic faith community are given through the construction of a religious identity and doctrinal identification with regard to ritual practices and experiences shared in sacralized spaces and society.

Le présent travail de thèse, proposant, dans le problème épistémologique cartésien, une relation de conditionnement d’aspect méthodologique sur l’aspect théorique, traite la structure méthodologique, développée préalablement, comme une sorte de programme à travers lequel se développe l’aspect théorique. Ce faisant, l’étude ici présentée propose que le problème rapporté présente un dédoublement que se déchaîne d’aspect formel (la méthode sous la forme d’une mathesis universalis) au aspect psychologique (le domaine subjective, dans lequel arrive le questionnement épistémologique, d’une certaine manière, “instancie” et réalise la structure formel) et au aspect ontologique (à mesure que le questionnement épistémologique résulte en conclusions ontologiques: les présuppositions théoriques de la conception traditionnel du monde, reformulées épistémologiquement, sous la forme de “nature simple”, finissent, ensuite, pour ainsi dire, étant converties en choses), signalant une projection de l’épistémologie à l’ontologie, quoique de mode systématiquement circulaire (à mesure que il y a une présupposition réciproque). Pour faire ça, l’étude rapportée défend que le problème épistémologique en question a comme unité structural la relation entre l’universel et le particulier (que se manifeste dans la relation cognitive, autant dans l’aspect externe, entre le connaisseur et le connaissable, que dans l’aspect interne, entre l’intellect et la sensibilité, sous la régence du concept de “idée”), constituée sous la forme de la préséance et de la réductibilité de la partie du premier sur le dernier.

This thesis aimed to know the motivations behind the healthy and unhealthy eating, developed two instruments to measure them and check how the self-control, human values and body image are related to them. Three chapters were developed. The Chapter 1 aimed to explore the motives related to the consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods in a Brazilian sample using a qualitative approach. Participants were 205 undergraduate students who answered a questionnaire with open questions about the reasons that led them to consume these foods. The Descending Hierarchical Classification analyzes results showed five motives related to consumption of healthy foods (weight loss, feel good, prevention of diseases, organismic needs and benefits) and other five to unhealthy foods (desire, various occasions, lack of time, practicality and advantages). The Chapter 2, divided in two steps, aimed to develop the Motivations for Healthy Eating Scale (MHES) and the Motivations for Unhealthy Eating Scale (MUES), and to gather evidence of their validity and accuracy. The step 1 was composed of 208 undergraduate students who answered the aforementioned measures. The exploratory factorial analysis results indicated a final structure of three factors for both MHES [Prevention of diseases (5 items, a = 0.93), Weight loss (5 items, a = 0.91) and Vitality (5 items, a = 0.91)] and MUES [Lack of time (5 items, a = 0.89), Desire (5 items, a = 0.89) and Social interaction (5 items, a = 0.83)]. From the step 2, 229 undergraduate students participated, who answered the final versions of MHES and MUES. The results of this study corroborated both the factorial model of MHES (CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.95) and that of MUES (CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.93), which were invariant in relation to the sex of the participants (?CFI < 0.010; ?RMSEA < 0.015). Finally, the Chapter 3 aimed to know the relationship between self-control, human values and body image with the motivations for healthy and unhealthy eating, as well as to develop explanatory models of these motivations. 391 people participated responding to measures of self-control, values, body image, body care and motivations. Overall, the results indicated that a higher level of self-control, social and central values and a higher satisfaction with body image are related to a higher motivation for healthy eating, while low self-control, personal values and lower satisfaction with body image are related to a greater motivation for unhealthy eating. The explanatory model of the motivations for healthy eating from self-control, social values and body care presented satisfactory adjustment indicators (CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.93) that indicated the suitability of the model. In front of these results, it is certain that the objectives of the thesis have been achieved. The motivations for healthy and unhealthy eating were explored, developed two shorts and parsimonious instruments with great indicators of constructo validity and reliability, and the relations of these motivations with self-control, human values and body image were known. Certainly, these findings contribute to the literature on the subject.

The present thesis aimed at evaluating different aspects of attitudes towards victims of rape, and its relation with personality, human values, honor, and sexism. Thus, one theoretical paper and four empirical papers were elaborated. Paper 1 discussed rape, focusing on attitudes towards victims, and the psychological and socio-cultural consequences of these attitudes. Next, two empirical studies were performed (paper 2 and paper 3) an instrument adaptation and validation for the Brazilian context. More precisely, in Paper 2, the validation and verification of the “Attitudes toward Rape Victims Scale (ARVS)” were performed through two studies. The first one counted on 200 participants with mean age of 21.8 years old (SD = 5.27), in which a principal components analysis was performed, pointing out to a three components structure that explained 39.02% of the total variance. This structure presented adequate internal consistency indices, as it follows: credibility of the victim (α = .82), deserving of the victim (α = .80) and the victim's fault (α = .60). In Study 2, 231 university students participated, presenting a mean age of 21.6 years old (DS = 4.02), where a confirmatory factorial analysis was performed, corroborating the three factor structure of this measure [e.g. GFI = .86, RMSEA = .05 (IC90% = .044-.062)]. Paper 3 aimed at adapting the Sexual Machism Scale for the Brazilian context, gathering evidences of its psychometric parameters, also composed by two studies. Participants were 231 students (study 1), and 200 people from the general population (study 2), with mean ages of 21.6 years old (DS = 4.02), and 21.8 years old (DP = 5.27), respectively. As results, a one-factor solution was found, with satisfactory indicators of internal consistency (α = .81 and α = .76), and convergent validity with the factors of Hostile Sexism and Benevolent Sexism from the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Moreover, a confirmatory factor analysis corroborated such preconized dimension [e.g., CFI = .97 and RMSEA = .02 (IC90% = .075-.104)]. Paper 4 assessed the correlates of attitudes towards victims of rape, developing an explicative model with sexism, honor concerns, human values, and personality traits as independent variables. A 212 sample of people from the city of Patos-PB was used, with mean age of 24.9 (SD = 9.58). Through linear regressions, an explicative model was proposed, where personality traits (extroversion and neuroticism) would predict human values (interactive and existence), honor concerns (male honor) and sexism, and these, then, would explain attitudes towards victims of rape. The model presented the following fit indices: χ²/gl = 2.75, GFI = .94, AGFI = .90, CFI = .87 and RMSEA = .09 (IC90% = .065 – .011); pointing out to a satisfactory adjustment of this model. Finally, Paper 5 investigated the relation amongst the victims’ values, the environment they were in, and the respondents’ gender. Participants were 200 people, with mean age of 22.4 years old (SD = 8.37), who after the reading of scenarios of a woman’s rape, answered questions related to the violence situation described in the scenario. As a result, significant differences were found regarding male respondents, with a higher level of male’s blame when the victim was described as prioritizing interactive and normative values compared to excitement and promotion values. On the other hand, women attributed the blame more significantly to men when the victim was described as having high promotion and normative values instead of excitement values. We are confident that contributions were given to this literature field, promoting two short measures, more specifically one evaluation attitudes towards victims of rape, and another one regarding sexism. Furthermore, an explicative model of attitudes towards victims of rape was developed, and the influence of human values on the blame for rape situations was tested.

The public security in a Rule of Law State is one of the action instruments aimed to the defense of citizenship rights and the maintenance of social order. In this context, the police activity must act as a protection and a disseminator of human rights. At the same time, the police activity can also be a factor of social development, since contributes to promote personal and collective welfare and security, mediating conflicts, preserving public order and acting on the institutions functionalism under the ambit of Federal Constitution of 1988. We intend to bring as a topic of this study the relationship between the educational process about these professionals, as well as the possible changes that occurred with the advent of the Rule of Law after the Federal Constitution of 1988. The relation of this training process, resulting on the police officers activity in the streets will provide an analysis of the educational parameters present during the teaching practice. Wherein this process consider the necessity of recognize their advances and limits, always with the objective of guaranteeing a better services to society in general. It is from this perspective that the study focused the educational training of the Military Police in Paraíba, having as a cutout the Training Course of Soldiers. We also aimed understand the effectivity of the education in human rights on the teaching method, considering that on a democratic process, is responsibility of the public institutions reformulate concepts and to impress respect for citizenship and for the fundamental rights related to society, and to the police officers, recognized public agents. Thus, this study will make possible to understand the lack or the applications of normative documents such as human rights policy which deal with human rights education from a global to a regional perspective, even in a National and State level. We also will provide an analysis of the relationship between educational paradigms and to how the train of these professionals, articulate the performance of their activity with the promotion of human rights and citizenship. For this, we adopted a critical perspective in the human rights education field through exploratory research. We use as method strategies the bibliographic and documentary research, as well as the field research, structured by data collection techniques, such as the application of mixed questionnaires with teachers and students, both responsible for teaching human rights at the Military Police Education Center of the of Paraíba. The treatment and systematization of the data involved the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the subjects' narratives. The results reveal the presence of tensions between human rights policy as well as human rights in the personal life and profession of the police officers. The distance between the declared and the present times violence, fuels attitudes which conflicting with the democratic culture that the main principle is the respect for human rights.

Anchored in Dialogical Analysis of Discourse, this work investigates the axiological positioning constructing in school textual productions of high school students based on dialogical actions motivated by the production and handling of a pedagogical blog, mediated by a didactic dialogic planning (PDD), whose reading and discussion route, in classroom, crosses through various discursive genres, culminating in a final product that goes from the discursive genre online commentary to the opinion article. Our general aim was to analyze the construction of axiological positioning in school textual productions of students of the Secondary Education level of a school in the city of Campina Grande - PB based on the process of teaching writing interceded by a dialogical didactic planning (PDD), whose reading route, discussion and writing, in classroom, crosses through several discursive genres and form a great dialogical chain. In order to develop this study, some theoretical contributions are fundamentals: Bakhtin (1983, 2000, 1985, 1975-75), Bakhtin / Volóchinov (1999), Volóchinov (1976, 2016) 2014), Faraco (2001, 2002), Fiorin (2016), Sobral (2009), Geraldi (2006,2013) and others. Based on these contributions, an action-research was realized in a second-year high school class, in the city of Campina Grande - PB. The results reveals that the use of technology in favor of teaching is an excellent strategy for a critical citizen formation, because the dialogic relations created in refracting opinion of the student, in online commentary, in classroom discussions and in articles of opinion, to form a dialogical chain of information and demonstrate how the conditions of writing and dialogical voices, which permeate the writing process, define the construction of the meaning of these enunciations.