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The strength training (ST) is an efficient type of exercise for enhancing muscular strength and hypertrophy. In order to obtain the maximum benefits of ST, is recommended the use of loads greater than 65% of one repetition-maximum (1RM), however there are populations that do not support high loads. The ST with blood flow restriction (BFR) appears as an alternative to the high loads ST, because it uses loads smaller than 30% of 1RM associated with BFR to promote strength and hypertrophy gains similar to conventional ST. Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be beneficed by this type of exercise since they present peripheral muscular dysfunction, that causes a decrease on physical performance, however they do not support the high loads of the conventional training. The aim of this study was to analyze the chronic effects of strength training with blood flow restriction on the physical performance of people with COPD. It was a randomized clinical trial, controlled, parallel, and double-blinded, in which 17 individuals (64.56±7.32 years) diagnosed with moderate or severe COPD were divided into three groups as follows: LLBFR – ST at 30% of 1RM with 50% of BFR; ML – ST at 60% of 1RM; and C – control. The intervention lasted for 6 weeks with two weekly exercise sessions in which the LLBFR and ML groups performed the knee extension and elbow flexion exercises. The following statistical tests were used for data analysis: Shapiro-Wilk to verify the normality of the data and ANOVA twoway with Bonferroni post-hoc to check the possible differences on the variables of interest. All analysis were performed on the SPSS 22.0 with significance value of p<0,05. The dyspnoea level assessed by the Borg modified and Dyspnoea-12 scales and the performance on the 6 minute walking test improved on the LLBFR and ML groups (p<0,05). Regarding maximum strength, the LLBFR and ML groups increased the 1RM values for the knee extension and elbow flexion (p<0,001) and for the elbow extension, the strength gain was only observed on the LLBFR group (p<0,001). In conclusion, the ST with BFR is efficient to improve the physical performance of people with COPD and superior to the ST with ML on the variables: dyspnoea, functional performance and strength.

De la Porcelana a los Trapos: muñecas y mémorias femeninas en el proceso de poíesis es un estudio que tiene con punto de partida investigar la historia y la producción de la Asociación de las Bonequeiras en el Pie de Manga y comprender cómo la aproximación con el grupo influenció mi producción artística. Esta investigación tiene un carácter cualitativo y utilizó como instrumentos de recolección y producción de datos entrevistas, observaciones, registros imagéticos y el proceso de producción artística. A lo largo de la investigación presento la muñeca de tela como instrumento activador de memorias, que se convierte en objeto de rescate patrimonial y creación artística en la Asociación de las Bonequeiras en el pie de Manga, en la ciudad de Crato/CE, y le muestra que en determinados momentos ella deja de ser juguete, para convertirse en un objeto de resistencia, aunque todavía es tan presente en el universo femenino como adoctrinador. También provoque la discusión de la mujer/artista, considerada aficionada. Por lo tanto, relaciono la cuestión del aficionado con los regalos domésticos que me llevan a la discusión de la relación femenina con la artesanía, donde me vuelvo a la relación entre arte/ artesanía y concluyo que a pesar de que las mujeres/artistas ya no son vistas como aficionadas en el campo artístico , todavía existen separaciones entre el arte y la artesanía. Parto para la historia y relación de la muñeca con el universo femenino y sus significados, tanto para la creación en la producción artesanal, como en la producción artística. Y a partir de la aproximación y conocimiento del trabajo y de las memorias de esas mujeres, desarrollé un proceso de creación con mis propias muñecas, partiendo de lo que aprendí con el grupo.

In this dissertation, we present a research that involves three major areas of Applied Mathematics, Computer Graphics (CG), Probability and Optimization. The main objective is to develop strategies of movement between adversary characters in a chase where each move will be based on the solution of an optimization problem or a probabilistic rule. The dynamics of the movement will be through the formulation and implementation of optimization problems that will govern the persecution. A theoretical presentation is presented presenting the subjects related to CG, in particular: Animation and Color; Optimization, for example: De nition of the general optimization problem and its classi cation regarding the properties of the objective function as well as the characteristics of the set of feasible solutions; Probability, is de ned probabilistic model, Random Variables, in particular, Uniform, Exponential and Normal, Mathematical expectation and Law of large Numbers.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term effect on fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth after the use of intracanal medications indicated in pulp revitalization. Materials and Methods: 180 bovine teeth were selected, sectioned coronally and apically and internally fragilized. The canals were irrigated with 20 ml of sodium hypochlorite. Intracanal medication was applied as follows: triple antibiotic paste (TAP) group (n=60) and calcium hydroxide (CH) group (n=60). No medication was used in the control group. Fracture resistance tests were performed after 7, 14 and 21 days. At each time interval, 20 teeth from each group had fractured in a universal test machine in a 1mm/min compression test. ANOVA, Tukey, Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were performed to verify the effect of the type of medication on fracture resistance at each time point. Pearson and Spearman tests were also performed to verify the correlation between time and fracture resistance. The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results: In the first week, there were no differences between the groups (p = 0.322). In the second and third week, there was a statistical difference between the TAP group and the control group (p = 0.018 and 0.033, respectively). No statistical differences were found between CH and control group (p>0.05). In the intragroup analysis, it was verified that the fracture resistance in the TAP and CH group was reduced in the third week, with a statistical difference in relation to the first week (p≤ 0.05). The control group did not present statistical difference at different time intervals (p > 0.05). There was a negative correlation between time and fracture resistance for TAP (p=0.003) and CH group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The time that TAP and CH remained in the canal influenced the fracture resistance of bovine teeth with simulated incomplete root formation, and the reduction was significant from the second week for TAP group

The hypothesis of deep reef refuges predicts that deep reef ecosystems (> 30 m depth) may act as refuges for the biota of shallow reefs and recover it after human disturbances. Although the hypothesis has been postulated almost two decades, empirical evidence is lacking that support it for diverse biological groups, including corals. Little is known about how corals respond to different types of human disorders, whose magnitude and frequency vary considerably. In this work, I used coral communities on the coast of Paraíba to test the hypothesis of deep reef refuges. As a preamble, I reviewed the literature (110 studies) to identify theoretical and geographic gaps on coral responses to ocean acidification, climate change, overfishing, pollution, and disordered tourism. I ranked the studies according to the ocean, ecoregion, type of disturbance, level of biological organization, study approach, method of data collection, depth at which data were collected and type of coral response. I have found that the studies are concentrated in the Indo-Pacific (36.3%) and the Caribbean (31.9%) and have used an observational approach (59.1%) with SCUBA diving (37.2%) to assess the impact of ocean warming 55.4%) in coral communities (58.1%), especially in shallow waters (up to 27 m). These results reveal the scarcity of information on coral responses to pollution, tourism, overfishing and acidification, particularly in deep reef ecosystems and in ecoregions outside the Indo-Pacific and Caribbean. For the test of the hypothesis of the refuge, I used a community-level approach capable of partitioning the diversity in its alpha and beta components along a gradient of 3 to 61 m. Through SCUBA diving, I found 7 shallow reefs (<30 m) and 12 deep reefs (> 30 m). Contrary to expectations, shallow reefs presented greater range diversity than the deep ones (13 vs. 7 species); highest proportion of specialist species in depth (77% vs. 57%); similar alpha diversity but higher beta diversity of rare, typical and common species; and unique functions not found in deep areas (e.g., soft corals). These results refute the hypothesis that deep reefs function as refuges for corals. However, they reveal that shallow and deep reefs are complementary, being essential to conserve the entire depth gradient to fully protect regional coral diversity.

Introduction: Brazil today shows a different reality, an expressive increase in long life rate and consequent increase in the number of people in the third age. Objectives: To characterize the Brazilian scientific production about the assessment of health condition of the elderly person in the basic attention; Identify empirical indicators in literature from the basic human needs of the older person; Confirm the usefulness of empirical indicators for assessment of the health condition of the elderly person in the basic attention by nurses; Build a tool for assessment of the health condition of the elderly person in the basic attention by the nurse, in the light of the Theory of Basic Human Needs. Method: It is a methodological study developed in Family Health Units of the municipality of Igarassu, Pernambuco, with the population of nurses acting in primary health care. It was developed in three stages: an integrative review of literature about the basic human needs of the elderly person and an extensive bibliographical survey and empirical indicators assessment by the nurses of the family health units; production of an instrument for assessment of the health condition of the elderly person in the basic attention with empirical indicators validated by the nurses. Results: First, the integrative review covered 12 studies available in databases, with the descriptors: elderly, degree of health and primary health care, published from 2007 to 2016. There were inserted three themes: clinical and epidemiological profile of the Brazilian elderly population; Self-evaluation of elderly health and importance of the Family Health Strategy on health care of the elderly person. The results of this stage have shown that socioeconomic, demographic characteristics, functional capacity, health conditions, and nutritional status interfere in the self-evaluation of the elderly health and in the planning of services turned to this public. There were identified, also, 316 empirical indicators in the literature. Of those, 255 remained with Content Validity Index = 0.80 and, from the validated indicators, 205 were psychobiological needs, 47 of psychosocial needs and 3 of psychospiritual needs. Conclusions: With the empirical indicators validated there was built a tool for evaluation of the health condition of the elderly person in the basic attention. Considering that the elderly shows special features that sets him apart from other types of individuals, it is expected that the empirical indicators identified and validated in this survey will contribute to the health needs of them, in view of the planning of actions in health with a differentiated and systematized care for this population in the basic attention. For a healthy old age it is fundamental the correlation between independence and autonomy, consisting in a challenge for health care professionals, who must overcome a conduct complaint-based approach and adopt a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary stance. To this end, it is expected that the instrument built contribute to the practice of nursing, once, it will have a look more specific, aiming a differentiated attention and systematized.

Introduction: Presbycusis consists of the process of natural deterioration and wear of structures related to human hearing. It needs intervention to subside its effects, because it is characterized as a progressive and irreversible process. There is no curative, but only rehabilitative treatment. Through the use of hearing aids, it is possible to reduce the sensory organ gap, improving its functionality. However the process of use and adaptation requires a lot of care and assistance to be successful. And, despite the technological progress that increasingly qualifies these electronic amplification devices to meet all needs, it is observed that the prevalence of the elderly who reject or are maladapted is high. Objectives: 1. To identify in the literature the difficulties encountered in the use of hearing aid by the elderly; 2. To elaborate a checklist (product) to track the difficulties of the elderly in the handling of the hearing aid; 3. Validate the checklist (product) that will serve to track the difficulties of the elderly in the handling of the hearing . Method: This is a methodological study of quantitative approach. The research was carried out in a hospital that provides hearing aids through the Auditory High Complexity Procedure (AHCP) program in João Pessoa - PB and in private clinics that perform indication and adaptation of hearing aid. The sample consisted of 20 elderly people who accepted to participate in the study, primary users of hearing aids who were performing their first return to the SUS service and 9 Speech Therapists specializing in Audiology and hearing aids for at least one year. The instruments used were a questionnaire, containing 15 questions about the manipulation of the device, answered by the elderly and a checklist made by the specialists evaluating the instrument constructed to recognize the obstacles in the handling of the auditory amplification resource. The analyzes of the results were performed through descriptive statistics. The project was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences Center of the Federal University of Paraíba and approved on July 27, 2017, under the CAAE; 67103917.6.0000.5188. Results and Discussion: From this study two articles were originated: the first one related to literature review, which identified the difficulties faced by the elderly to use the auditory amplification resource. The obstacles came from various sources, preponderating the lack of the orientation / monitoring / handling phase, mainly for the elderly that are served in the public network. The second article (the original one) gave subsidies for the elaboration of a checklist in order to identify the difficulties of the elderly to manipulate the amplification device. Conclusions: Through the analysis of the literature, it was possible to identify the main reasons that cause difficulties in the use of the hearing aid by the elderly. Some of these barriers were confirmed with the elderly users of hearing aids, through the application of the questionnaire; these findings generated an instrument whose goal is to track the obstacles experienced by the elderly in the acclimatization phase so that the Speech-Language Pathologist can guide them and thus reduce or eliminate these difficulties.

Introduction: In Brazil, there is a higher prevalence of Urinary Incontinence in women over 60 years of age. Women report living with voiding loss, as well as showing little body perception and low contraction capacity of the pelvic floor muscles. It was verified that there are diverse therapeutic forms in the care of Urinary Incontinence in elderly women, and it is incumbent on the nurse to perform a detailed anamnesis to subsidize the systematized consultation in the planning of intervention strategies. Nursing care should be based on a theoretical model that, in this study, is that of Callista Roy to better develop the nursing process in a systematized, documented way, being a source of information. Objectives: To elaborate a nursing consultation instrument for the elderly woman with Urinary Incontinence assisted in an outpatient urology service, based on the theory of adaptation of Callista Roy. Methodology Course: Methodological research performed in an outpatient service of a school hospital, with four nurses as participants. It was developed in three stages: identification, in the literature, of the adaptive problems in the elderly woman with Urinary Incontinence in the light of the theoretical model of Callista Roy; confirmation of the adaptive problems by consensus-based specialist nurses, and the development of an instrument for collecting data for nursing consultation for elderly women with Urinary Incontinence. The study was approved in Ethics Committee, receiving a favorable opinion. Results: A total of 109 adaptive problems were identified, of which 78 were physiological, 16 were self-concept, 8 were paper, and 7 were interdependent. After being validated by the specialist nurses, a total of 60 adaptive problems remained, being 45 in the physiological mode, 6 in the self-concept, 5 in the function of the role and 4 in the interdependence mode, being thus constructed a data collection instrument for nursing consultation to elderly women with Urinary Incontinence assisted in outpatient service. Conclusion: It is considered that the instrument developed in this study will enable the implementation of systematization of nursing care, enable the organization of care, as well as provide data related to the nursing care, receives the care considering it in its relations with environment, aiming to promote a better level of adaptation.

Introduction: The significant increase in the elderly population leads to changes in social and economic areas, especially in the health area. In this way, health care in Brazil has invested in the formulation, implementation and implementation of health promotion, protection and recovery policies. effort in the construction of a health care model which prioritizes actions to improve the quality of life of this population served by the health unit. Objective: To analyze the actions of health promotion for the elderly developed by workers of the Expanded Nucleus of Family Health and Basic Care (ENFH - BC) and to elaborate a Guide for professionals on the actions of health promotion to the elderly person. Methods: It is a methodological study, developed in three stages. Regarding ethical aspects, the research was submitted to the Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences Center and approved under No. 2.190.153 of 07/27/2017, CAAE; 67103917.6.0000.5188. Sampling was non - probabilistic for convenience, constituting 27 ENFH - BC professionals, being pharmacists, physiotherapists, nutritionists, physical educators, social workers, psychologists and speech therapists, according to their willingness to participate in the research during the data collect. The collected data was organized in a corpus, then processed with the aid of the software IRaMuTeQ and discussed according to the literature. Results and Discussion: of the results obtained after the analysis, two articles were outlined: the integrative review of the literature identified the predominance of health promotion practices through physical practices and physical activities and their realization from operational groups, and also the prevalence of actions of health promotion according to the training of professionals, addressing much more the specific action without coverage of the different axes of the National Policy of Health Promotion and of the National Policy of Health of the Elderly Person; the second article found how ENFH - BC promoted health promotion actions for the elderly, vaccination, feeding and nutrition guidelines, physical and physical activity practices; guidance on prevention and follow-up of victims of violence; prevention of falls, self-care, guidance and follow-up of chronic diseases; orientation on their rights, encouragement for the participation of groups; actions that guarantee human rights and fundamental freedoms and assistance to the most common clinical conditions that sick the elderly. Final considerations: It was possible to analyze the health promotion actions carried out by ENFH - BC professionals. Health promotion actions are carried out by health education activities in groups, focusing on pathologies or themes such as the performance of physical and corporal activities, being carried out in health units or Health Academies. The study had, as limitations, the number of publications on the topic under study and it is suggested that further research on this subject be developed with emphasis on the elderly.

Introduction: Brazil has been undergoing changes in its demographic profile due to the reduction in the rate of mortality and increased life expectancy. The World report on Health and Aging stated that the number of people aged over 60 in the country should grow much faster than the international average. As a result, it has become essential to invest in studies about the aging process and all the content that permeates even the orientation directed to caregivers for the elderly. The rationale of this study consists in the fact that elderly people who have trained caregivers with respect to the roles of power and communication have better prognosis, being such findings evidenced in ambulatory care speech. Objectives: 1. Identify and analyze studies on the dysphagia in institutionalized elderly; 2. Identify and analyze studies on language and cognition in the elderly; 3. Analyze the knowledge of formal caregivers with respect to aspects of the power and communication of the elderly person and draw up a video with guidelines for the formal caregiver. Method: This is a methodological study of quantitative approach. The research was performed in four long-term institutions, in the municipality of João Pessoa. The sample corresponded to the population and was composed by all caregivers of elderly institutions, totaling 34 volunteers. The project was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee at the Health Sciences Center of the Federal University of Paraiba and approved by N 2,190.153, 27th July, 2017, CAAE; 67103917.6.0000.5188. Results: This study originated three articles: two for qualification and one for defense. The first review of the literature on the analysis of the studies related to the dysphagia in long term care institutions, which showed the existence of risk to the dysphagia in this context as well as lack of knowledge of professionals with regard to strategies that minimize the risk of laryngeal aspiration. The second article was a review of the literature on language and cognition in the elderly and the results showed that the aging process entails linguistic and cognitive changes, emphasizing the importance of the cognitive training for memory, language, communication and socialization of the elderly person. . The third article (original) analyzed the knowledge of caregivers of elderly on aspects of communication and power, showing that they are aware of the difficulties of speech, hearing, and cognition of the elderly and of strategies that facilitate these functions. Also has no knowledge of feeding difficulties although performed facilitative practices. Conclusions: The reviews of the literature showed that the process of aging is related to dysphagia, declines in language and cognition. The article of defense confirmed the importance of video to guide the caregivers of elderly with respect to power and communication, enabling an improvement in the quality of life in long term care institutions.

This master's degree dissertation in music, area of interpretative practices, searches for the comprehension of the man and his work, with emphasis on the former, under a qualitative perspective. It is an analytic study whose focus is on the Paraibano composer Jose de Lima Siqueira (1907-1985) with his Suite Sertaneja para violoncelo e piano composed 1949. The analysis has a theoretical-empirical basis, for it has a theoretical support the tripartite model proposed by Molino and developed by Jean-Jacques Nattiez that, once, presupposes the appli-cation of interviews to listeners, that is, the gathering of primary data, being configuredd in an empirical research within the field work. Jose de Lima Siqueira — born in Conceicao, state of Paraiba, and died in Rio de Janeiro with 78 years old - was one of the exponents in the defense of the national classical music with political-social performance of his time. The second chapter deals with the historical-socio context in the composer's upbringing, reinforcing existent data and rebuilding pieces of information obtained from his own family, such as the new data from the visit to the family's collection. From the six levels of possible configurations of the tripartite model, the immanent level was taken into account in that analysis, as well as the inductive poietic and the external esthesic, through a triple look toward the work. The elements of the oral tradition present in the immanent level and the inquiry of the trimodal system use also had as a base Siqueira's compositional conduct in works from the same period. The analysis of the external esthetic level was based on applied questionnaires to listeners. The re-sults of the different levels of that analysis served as a base for the interpretative considerations in the final part of the dissertation.

The Cordel is an unexplored theme in the ambit of thesis produced along with the PostGraduation into Information Science in Brazil. From the 17(seventeen) programs identified by the Brazilian Association of Education in Information Science (2014) and, correlated with data obtained in the Digital Library of Thesis and Dissertations, there is a potential field for researches that approach this literary genre in the context of the area. It makes possible to the researcher a plurality of analysis, which can be performed. Towards this, one of the themes that stood out in this spectrum was regarding the authorship, mainly, concerning the provision of digital content in the base developed in the ambit of this Library, which has been worked for more than a decade in this universe, commenced in 2006 by the managing of the Library of Rare Artworks Átila Almeida. By addressing the cordel, the reframed northeastern literary phenomenon, a descriptive complexity was noticed and, concerning the intellectual producer, controversies regarding the role of the owner and author-owner. Researching on this distinction between author and owner in a diachronic way involves the perception of the cordelistas about the mechanisms, which involve the intellectual property and its legalist scope today. Problem: How are characterized and how are performed the copyright practices of the cordel in the context of the intellectual property? Therefore, the general objective of this study is to analyse the authorship practices of the cordel in the context of the intellectual property. In this direction, the thesis lays on the proof of the following statement: the authorship in the cordel is characterized by three perspectives – the uniqueness, the plagiarism and the intertextuality, when the document pervades the process of authorial reframing. This research involves a perspective of multiplicity of meanings, anchoring on the hermeneutic as mechanism of interpretation, including the subject in its symbolic, cultural and procedural universe. The research is quantitative and qualitative, assuming documental, bibliographic and descriptive characteristics, using the following data collection instruments: (a) interview with cordelistas and related personalities, (b) 1,044 digitalized cordéis from the acquis of the Library of Rare Artworks Átila Almeida and (c) list with 13,296 pamphlets of the mentioned library. It is proved in the social, cultural and commercial fields the limits of the complex relations, which involve the cordel in the areas of the authorship practices and of the intellectual copyright.

This research is the result of an interest in studying the changes introduced in the process of restructuring of production. These changes include the reorganization of production ,through the introduction of new technology, the decentralization of production through sub-contracting, and the adoption of new management models at the administrative level . Special attention has been paid to the consequences of these changes on the workers with reference to their working conditions. In other words, the effects of these transformations on the workers have been analyzed. The following firms in the textile sector in the municipality of Campina Grande, PB were chosen to carry: out this study : CIRNE. SALUTE and TÊXTIL. The choice of the spinning and weaving branch was due to the fact that this sector has the greatest number of functions connected to the preparation of threads and fibers. Another reason for the choice was the fact that some firms are being subjected to changes , though many of these changes are outdated in relation to those being adopted in other firms belonging to the same area in Campina Grande and other cities in the Northeast. CIRNE and SALUTE, two of the firms included in this study, have been subjected to important changes in the areas of production and administration. However, the third firm under study. TÊXTIL, has continued to maintain the traditional system of production and organization. Thus. it has been possible to observe with greater clarity the effects of the changes on workers in both situations. Several visits were made to specialized organs in order to gain a better knowledge of this sector of production. The information obtained helped to make choices. Besides interviews with the directors of the firms and the directors of trade unions. 49 semi-structured interviews were also carried out. In these interviews . priority was given to questions which would not only provide objective data to identify the subjects, but also convey images and evocations of their apprehensions about the conditions of work to which the workers were submitted. The objective of this study having been the profound investigation of these questions, theoretical reflections on the theme by the following authors have been studied : ANTUNES (1995), ANDERSON (1996). ALVES (1999), BIHR (1998), CATTANI (1997), DIAS (1996) , FERNANDES ( 1995). HARVEY (1996). LEITE (1994) . MARX (1996). MATTOSO ( 1998) . and POCHMANN ( 1998). The study of these and other authors made it possible to understand better the process of restructuring of production and its repercussions on the situation of workers in the textile sector in Campina Grande. The results obtained revealed that the restructuring process in the firms under study was slow and that the investment in technology was very low in comparison to other regions in the country. Working conditions were precarious for both men and women. Salaries were low, working hours long , and the rhythm of work intensified. There were no opportunities for promotion. There was a high rate of rotation in the work-force. The educational level of the workers was low. Directors and supervisors were rigid about discipline. The working environment was unhealthy. It was observed that these problems profoundly affected the organization of labor unions. There were few members , scheduled activities did not have credibility , mobilization was difficult and the workers were afraid to participate in events. Data revealed that both men and women were equally affected, thus proving untrue the hypothesis that men were more affected because of the increase of the number of women in the work-force. The changes which have occurred in the fields of technology and organization have caused both men and women to face similar problems with regard to availability of jobs, and in the conception and execution of work in the textile sector in Campina Grande. In this context, it can be observed that the restructuring process in the firms CIRNE, SALUTE and TEXTIL has aggravated the precarious working conditions and also affected the organization of labor unions.

Ce mémoire a pour objet d'etude le substrat imaginaire de groupes de femmes ouvrières rurales choisis dans onze "assentamentos"* de Paraiba. C'est une étude réalisée a partir de la représentation/reconstruction que se font ces femmes sur le moment de conflit dans Ia lutte pour Ia conquête de Ia terre et sur le quotidien dans les "assentamentos". Afin que cette investigation soit accomplie, on a adopté comme instrument d'observation le Test Archétypal à 9 Elements, créé par Yves Durand, fondé sur Ia théorie Les Structures Anthropologiques de L'imaginaire de Gilbert Durand. II s'agit d'un test projectif où I'on apprend le sujet à construire une histoire contenant les éléments symboliques suivants: personnage, chute, épée, refuge, monstre, eau, feu, animal et élément cyclique. Cet instrument a été adopté sous forme d' "ateliers de poterie" realises par groupes de 15 femmes, en moyenne, dans chaque "assentamento". Les analyses de données obtenues ont été faites de façon à nous permettre d'aborder la femme à partir de sa compréhension de Ia lutte pour Ia conquête de la terre, en montrant jusqu'où Ia position qu'elle occupe varie d'aprés les circonstances et est influencée par des facteurs aussi bien socio-économiques que socio-culturels. Ainsi, dans cette étude, l'éducation est mise en évidence comme un phénomène qui se construit au long du mouvement de lutte, qui est en lui-même un mouvement éducatif. *Propriété accordée par le gouvernement pour l'installation définitive d'une famille de paysans sans terre.

This paper aims to study the social representations of mental illness among professionals in the public health network inserted in the mental health, with a view to understanding how professional practices in the area are located after the implementation of the Mental Illness in the city of Campina Grande-PB. We adpoted as a methodological proposal the technique of Speech Analysis of the Collective Subjects and the criteria for the Theory of Social Representations. We have selected for the research the following categories of professionals: social workers, psychologists and nurses. We have covered for this study, adults CAPS Center for Psychosocial Care, the Unity of Psychiatric Reference (emergency) and a psychiatric hospital in operation in the city. Thus, it was possible to see some issues ace difficulties inherent in professional practice before the challenge of social reintegration. We have used the theoretical perspectives of Michel Foucault, Robert Castel, Erving Goffman, Franco Basaglia, among other authors of sociology and mental health. The theoretical foundation we have employed the Theory of Social Representations, which allowed us to understand that there is always a speech directed to any action, since it can become effective it is necessary to he collectively understood and binding by members of a particular community, group, institution etc. So that the exchanges are effective communication, which in turn, are essential to the structure of operation. In the analysis of narratives obtained in the field, we realize that, so little time to implement the Mental Illness in our reality, there is the influence of the traditional way of conceiving the madness in which we have been historically involved and the hegemony of the biomedical paradigm, and the figure of the doctor and psychiatrist guiding such knowledge. In this way, it is important to emphasize that the theoretical knowledge on the biopsychosocial complexity of the human being and on psychoanalysis have been included it the social representations considered here, in warning about the subtle way that significantly and to consider to be a subject. For people with mental suffering, the word, although weakened and fragmented, needs to be valued, especially as a therapeutic tool. Thus, we believe we are in a process in which conceptions older will lose their value to other more current begin to be introduced, and so on, until, gradually, come up closer to that primary goal concerning citizenship.

The debate on the intersectoral emerges from the recognition that no public policy is able to unilaterally respond to the complex demands that arise in the social sphere. These demands have historically been answered through focused and fragmented actions by state with sectorial public policies. Intersectoriality is addressed by different fields and areas of knowledge that approach it both as a management model, from an instrumental perspective, as a professional practice model. In the health area is conceived as articulation of different sectors to the achievement of promotion, prevention and recovery of health being aggregated to the principle of integrity. The intersectorality in this area has also coated as a professional strategy for the effectiveness of health care. Therefore, this thesis discusses the intersectionality from their inclusion in the field of mental health by the evidence that the discussion on the theme has become dense in this field and has contributed to the structuring of the Brazilian mental health policy and new care practices. This thesis aims to understand the construction and materiality of intersectionality in the mental health field as well as the professional practices of care under this policy. The motivation to investigate this theme arises from the experiences of the researcher in the field of health and projects developed in the context of mental health. The research consists of a qualitative study which elects the comprehensive perspective as the way to interpret social actions. It was defined the method of triangulation as a research strategy when using the systematic bibliographic search and field research with health network professionals from the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. A literature review was conducted based on a research of scientific articles in the SciELO database with the following keywords: intersectorality; mental health and psychiatric reform; mental health and intersectorality. It was selected 239 articles published between 2001 and 2014. The documental research considered all the documents relating to mental health edited in the same period. For field research we used the following techniques: focus group, semi-structured interview and sociodemographic questionnaire. The data collection took place in Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS), in the form III, Childhood CAPS, CAPS Alcohol and Drugs and Emergency Care in Mental Health (PASM), substitute services that integrate mental health network of the municipality. The empirical data was collected from 04 focus groups, one for each service; 14 interviews and 30 questionnaires applied to the toplevel health professionals. Data collection went from January to July 2014. The research enabled the construction of an interpretive model to approach the intersectorality in its various dimensions, which was used for reading the empirical data. The results suggest that professionals construct several arrangements to give materiality to intersectoral action. From the results it was possible to produce a typology which brings together the main practices identified among professionals who work in the mental health network.

This paper brings some reflections concerning the health professional perceptions about individuals who experience psychological distress in their emotional and sexual lives. The presented data are the result of ethnographic research conducted in a psychiatric hospital in the city of Maceió (Alagoas-Brasil) from December to July 2013, having as main interlocutors professionals that comprise the sectors of nursing, occupational therapy, social services, nutrition, psychology and psychiatrists. The study tried to create a dialogue with the information collect in the research field through the daily routines of the institution. One of the main aspects highlighted in this work is the stigma that leads the life of the people who were diagnosed with mental disorders, especially, considering the delegitimized place of the institutionalized bloke, in order to be subjugated, controlled and punished for their ‘disorders’. The research field data indicate the naturalized idea of abnormality, such that it becomes latent when it faces the emotional-sexual expressions of the blokes taken as’ crazy. Sexual practices are repressed (heterosexual, homosexual, masturbation) and pregnancy is prevented by physical containment mechanisms and managing medications. The hypersexuality, for example, is one of the categories activated when it’s thinking about the patient’s sexuality. The strategies frequently used involve infantilization or punishment through the Psychiatric Emergency, when patients insist on disobeying the rules. Adjectives ‘flirtatious’ or ‘flirt’ are most often used to refer to them, recognized from a ‘animalistic’ perspective of the sexuality. In turn, patients develop modalities of resistance against this existing controlling model, using the dark recesses of the hospital to meet up themselves. Thus, this research shows some elements that help us to problematize normative standards of sexuality, discussing how these prototypes interfere on a moral judgment of the manifestations that comes from blokes in psychological distress.

The alcalinamente activated cementitious materials have occupied a significant place in world scientific literature, mainly due to its qualities as the mechanical behavior and durability. However, these studies have used preferably activators based on silicates and hydroxides of sodium or potassium and traditional precursors, are aluminosilicates, such as metakaolin and the ceramic waste, as well as the blast-furnace slag. This study evaluated the potential of residual sugar cane bagasse ash, a major waste of Brazil's agribusiness, in the production of cementitious materials alcalinamente activated. The analysis of material characterization and mechanical behavior of the produced material, it was made using the techniques: X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis (TG and DTA), Scanning Electron Microscopy scanning optical microscopy and Axial Compressive Strength. It was observed that the predominant compound in the residual sugar cane bagasse ash is silica, with an average content of 80%. After mechanical processing of ash, the methodology adopted to study the solubility of silica in an alkaline environment could extract up to 67,9% of silica present. This silicate was used as activator for the synthesis. Alcalinamente activated composites were produced with the incorporation of various ash contents. Using 100% of residual sugar cane bagasse ash as the precursor material and produced sodium silicate as an activator was possible to obtain a paste with 20 MPa of axial compressive strength. This result is encouraging and this study may contribute to an environmentally sustainable solution to the destination of this waste, rather than being a problem, as it is today.

The Dark matter problem constitutes a key question at the interface between Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology. The observational data which have been accumulated in the last years on dark matter (DM) point to the existence of an amount of non baryonic DM. Since the Standard Model (SM) does not provide any candidate for such non-baryonic dark matter, the evidence of DM is a major indication for new physics beyond the SM. We analyse in this work one of the most popular dark matter candidates, the so called WIMPS (Weakly Interactive Massive Particles). In particular SM, we will implement a minimal extension of the MP, including just one right-handed neutrino and a charged bilepton (which carries two units of lepton number), both singlet under the SU(3)c xSU(2)L xU(1)y symmetry. We will verify that this neutrino is a good candidate for WIMP and can generate the correct abundance provided by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) satellite among other experiments.

In recent years, the development of electronic devices with low or ultra-low power consumption made it possible to use low-capacity batteries and the use of energy sources available in the environment, such as solar, thermal, RF, among others, to feed them, wich made possible even the independence of the use of batteries. This energy exploitation and the conditioning to feed electronic devices are termed Energy Harvesting. Nowadays, in order to optimize the performance of energy harvesting systems, hybrid systems are being studied and developed, that is, they use more than one energy source, thus increasing the quantity and availability of energy supplied. A fundamental element in the development of hybrid energy harvesting systems is the one that receives energy from different sources and performs the right combination for a single output. In general, the power combination circuits are timeshared, i.e., only one source is connected to the load while the others are in the standby state or accumulating energy. At present, some studies are aimed at the development of combination circuits that take advantage of the available energy sources simultaneously, called in this work, energy adder circuits. In this context, the objective of this work is the study and development of an energy adder circuit for hybrid energy harvesting systems capable of harvesting, conditioning and adding energy from different sources of the environment. For this, Linear Technology's ultralow consumption integrated circuits were used for the conditioning and a energy adder circuit is proposed. The preliminary experimental results show the performance obtained with the designed and developed system. Additionally, it is shown that the developed circuit is capable of being adapted for different energy sources according to the availability of the environment in question.