RCAAP Repository

This work presents the design of a fully integrated cascode single-stage power amplifier for 60 GHz band. The technology used in the design was Global Foundries SiGe of 0.13µm (BiCMOS8HP). A load-pull analysis of the cascode was done including optimization of the bias and geometry parameters aiming at finding the best performance of this topology. A layout-oriented design approach was adopted to decide upon different combinations/arrangements of passive components and interconnections, aiming at reducing the global losses and, thus, increasing the energy efficiency of the amplifier. Post-layout simulations show a saturated output power of 19.32 dBm, 27.8% of power added efficiency (PAE) and a power gain of 10.4 dB at 60 GHz. The amplifier consumes 63 mA from a 4.4 V power supply and occupies an area of approximately 0,475 mm2. The circuitwastaped-outinlate2017.Experimentalresultsarepresentedattheendofthetext.

The requirements concerning of insulation the noise levels of impact in the system of floors between adjacent units of multi-storey residential buildings in Brazil, were established in the Performance Standard, NBR 15575-3 (ABNT, 2013). Since then, new construction must conform to the limits set by performing three ranges: low (between 66 dB and 80 dB), intermediate (between 56 dB and 65 dB) and upper (less than or equal to 55 dB). In this work, we discuss the results of a study that aims to seek an alternative to correct the impact noise problems on the floor in buildings already completed, also reaching those built prior to the effectiveness of the standard. The idea is to evaluate the efficiency of impact noise attenuation between floors of overlapping housing units by applying a new coating on the original floor. The tests were simulated in two acoustic chambers, one with structural slabs of the conventional precast type and the other with ribbed slab. Also measurements were made on the field in multi-floor building, constructed with precast slab lattice. The simulation of the tests was with the application of new coatings (wood laminate, extra fine porcelain tile or ceramic) on original ceramic floor. The wood laminate was tested as a new floor with different resilient materials between it and the original ceramic floor: the original laminate supplier's blanket and the commercial acoustic mat produced with recyclable PET bottle material. Floor systems of tested flor resulted in a maximum increase of only 1.6 cm in total thickness. The extra fine porcelain tile or the ceramic on the original floor were used without any resilient material between them. The extra fine porcelain or ceramic on the original floor were used without any resilient material between them. From the results obtained with the original ceramic floor, whose weighted standard impact sound pressure level (L'nT,w) was equal to 81 dB (conventional preformed slab in the laboratory), 79 dB (laboratory ribbed slab) and 78 dB (pre-cast lattice in the field), a 25 dB reduction was observed in the L'nT,w, when the commercial acoustic and wooden laminate was used as a new floor for both laboratory tests with the two types of slab, and 28 dB reduction in the field test. The performance range of each original floor was changed differently, when compared to the respective new floor systems on original floor. The highlight was the change from minimum to higher performance in the field test, in which a blanket was used between the wood laminate and the original ceramic floor. When the extra-fine porcelain tile floor was used on the original floor, tested only in the laboratory the performance change was for intermediate. With the ceramic flooring on the original floor, also tested only in the laboratory, the reduction of the L'nT,w was so low that it maintained the same minimum performance of the floor system. Based on the results, it can be stated that the idea of implementing a new coating on the original floor has the potential to correct floor impact noise problems between overlapping buildings. The systems, tested using resilient materials between the wood laminate and the original ceramic floor, stand out as those with better acoustic isolation to impact noise, with small increase in the final thickness of the system.

WHO (2017b) estimates that 4.5 billion people in the world do not have access to safe sanitation services. The context is not very different in Brazil, where despite significant advances in the sanitation sector, only, 51,9% of the Brazilian population has access to sewage service and 44,9% of the sewage generated in the country suffer some type of treatment (SNIS, 2018). In order to increase sanitation service access it is necessary to provide sewage treatment systems, such as decentralised (single) systems: technologies applied in places with difficult access to the sewage network or in situation that increases the costs to implement or maintain the system. In this context, the present work evaluated the performance of two alternative systems of raw sewage treatment: a vertical flow constructed wetland (French compact system) and a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), comparing the efficiency of pollutants removal with conventional single systems. During 12 months of monitoring, the French compact system removed 87,8% of COD and 74,3% of BOD, while the SBR removed 94,5% of COD and 86,6% of BOD. The alternative decentralised systems showed superior performance to conventional systems such as septic tank followed by anaerobic filter. Therefore, the single alternative systems studied were feasible solutions for the treatment of sanitary sewage of housing unit and small communities.

Artificial reservoirs of water - regionally known as açudes (dams) - are essential sources for the supply of water, especially in semiarid climate regions, wich are susceptible to shortages, as is the case in the Cariri region. The Açude Epitácio Pessoa (or Boqueirão) is notably relevant in socio-economic and environmental context, supplying around a million inhabitants of 19 cities and 3 districts of the Paraíba state. Understand the quality of water requires robust and continuous monitoring, and usually is inconsonant with reality, creating spatial and temporal information gaps; these are shortages that are increasingly being overcome with the use of remote sensing and GIS technologies. In view of the above, the research objective was to analyse the space-time dynamic of the surface reflectance of water and to estimate the concentration of the variable Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in the Epitácio Pessoa Dam (PB) throughout 17 years (2000-2016), with the proposal of a methodology fitted to the conditions of the semiarid. Therefore, MOD09Q1 products of the MODIS/Terra sensor of 250 m spatial resolution were utilized, composition 8-days, for the red bands (RED, 645 nm) and approximated infrared (NIR, 859 nm), as well as complementary data to make the extraction of data and the removal of cloudiness in the historical series by means of programming. The main results, the reflectance variable demonstrated sensitivity to alterations in the pluviometric regime in the temporal perspective; the values of reflectance for the NIR band were almost always higher than those of the RED and when the opposite (2004 and 2008) indicating a alteration of the type of sediment as a reflex of the abrupt change of volume in the dam; the spatial interpolation of the data points to reduction of the reflectance of the entrance of the reservoir to the barrage for the majority of the years, notably for the RED band; among the three estimation models of SST - that of Robert al. (2017)/M3, a priori, was what demonstrated the highest performance in relation to the annual temporal analysis, varying between 270961 mg/L, with a correlation of 0,57 with data observed from SUDEMA. Regarding the to the proposed methodology, it demonstrated promising performance in the extraction of data in the temporal analysis and partially satisfactory performance in the spatial analysis due to the geometric conditions of the dam and considerable removal of pixels (longitudinal profile) in the face of the high coverage of clouds in some pixels, the comparison between the average values of reflectance by pixels shown in two distinct paths of extraction (longitudinal profile and sampling points) indicated strong correlation (r > 0,93).

The Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are vectors of diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, zika and yellow fever. With the increase in the incidence of these diseases, the population has resorted to the use of repellents to try to protect themselves from the attack of these mosquitoes. The Brazilian market offers a wide variety of products which have different active ingredients (with varying levels of concentration), protection time and different prices. The most important repellents are the base on DEET (N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide), IR3535 (ethyl butyl acetylaminopropionate) and icaridin (hydroxyethyl isobutyl piperidine carboxylate) for use in adults and children. The action time of these repellents depends, among other factors, on the concentration of these active ingredients. This work proposes methodologies for classification and determination of active ingredients in insect repellents, considering that there is no reference method to perform the quality control of these products. In the first stage the development and validation of a method based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) was carried out. The validated method according to EURACHEM showed good linearity (0.25 to 22 mg L-1 for DEET, r2 = 0.9986 and 0.5 to 40 mg L-1, r2 = 0.9976 for IR 3535 ), with intra- and inter-day precision calculated using a Horwitz ratio of less than 2 and recoveries of 89.2 - 111.6% and 94.7 - 109.2% for DEET and IR3535, respectively. Infrared spectroscopy and chemometric techniques for classification, calibration and calibration transfer of commercial repellents were used. In the multivariate classification part, the near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was obtained the best result with the discriminant analysis by the partial least squares (PLS/DA) and MLR with selection of stepwise variables (MLR/SW), reaching a rate Correct Classification (TCC) of 100% for the three active ingredients studied (DEET, IR 3535 and icaridin). Regarding the multivariate calibration, NIR and medium infrared (MIR) spectroscopies were used to determine DEET and IR 3535 in repellents. For DEET, using the NIR data, satisfactory results were obtained using the interval partial least squares regression (iPLS) and multiple linear regression with variable selection by the successive projection algorithm (MLR/SPA), reaching a RMSEP of 0.70% and 0.74% (m m-1), respectively. The IR 3535 samples measured in the NIR showed better results with PLS and MLR/SW reaching RMSEP of 0.64% and 1.03% (m m-1), respectively. The best results using MIR were obtained with the PLS model, with RMSEP of 1.38% and 1.69% (m m-1), for DEET and IR 3535, respectively. Finally, a calibration transfer study was carried out using two NIR spectroscopy equipment. For this purpose, Direct Standardization (DS), Reverse Standardization (RS) and Piecewise Direct Standardization (PDS) techniques were used. For DEET, the best result was obtained with PLS applied to the RS technique, in which RMSEP decreased from 7.95% to 1.21%. For IR 3535, the lowest value was reached with MLR/SPA, in which RMSEP decreased from 25.18% to 1.58% (DS). The proposed alternative methodologies based on NIR and MIR spectroscopy presented advantages because they are fast, non destructive, low cost and do not use reagents. And they are promising in the classification and calibration for quality control of active ingredients in insect repellent samples.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue investigar si diferentes tipos de recuperación [si, Ø, él (a)] pueden influir el procesamiento correferencial de estructuras reflexivas. Con la finalidad de comprobar si la variación dialectal del uso de la anáfora si (supresión, duplicación, inserción y sustitución) podría influir en el procesamiento de estas estructuras, fue realizado un experimento de lectura automonitoreada (self-paced reading) con hablantes nativos de portugués brasileño de Minas Gerais y de la Paraíba. Los resultados evidenciaron un efecto significativo del tipo de recuperación y de grupo. Independiente del tipo de predicador, la presencia de la anáfora si convierte la lectura reflexiva. Se observó en los datos online y, principalmente, offline (respuestas a preguntas sobre reflexividad) saliente a la luz de la variación dialetal. En los datos del grupo Minas Gerais, tanto la supresión de si y el uso de la recuperación él tuvieron una lectura reflexiva. En el grupo Paraíba, la ausencia del si y el uso de él no fueron interpretados como reflexivos, acordando con estudios a partir de datos de corpus. Evidenciaron, también, que las restricciones sintácticas de la teoría del ligamiento (Binding Theory - CHOMSKY, 1981; 1986), fueron activadas en etapas iniciales de procesamiento (NICOL & SWINNEY, 1989), sin embargo la interpretabilidad fue influenciada a partir de la semántica verbal y de la cuestión discursiva relacionada con factores de uso (variación) hizo con que había un reanálisis por el parser.

Schools with Integral Education are establishments where students stay for more than one shift and carry out activities that go beyond formal education. The number of schools with integral education has been increasing in Brazil associated with governmental programs like "More Education" and "New High School". Considering the provision of three meals a day to students in these educational units, a large amount of organic residues from food is expected. This is a qualitative-quantitative research that carried out a case study in schools of the Integral Time Teaching Network of the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba. It aimed to characterize the production of food waste from these educational units. Data from the Municipal Department of Education indicate that the Network is formed by 16 units located in the urban area. Initially those responsible for the production of school meals were invited to present the objectives and to participate in the activities to be carried out. For the collection of information, semi-structured questionnaires were used, with objective questions focused on food safety and food waste production. To quantify waste production, a four-day period of data collection and weighing of food and waste generated was established. The collected data were analyzed and processed statistically and thus presented in two papers. The first paper corresponds to the profile and perception of the school food handlers regarding the production of meals and the residues resulting from the process. In it, the important role of women in school feeding was evidenced, as well as problems with the elaboration of proposed menus and lack of adequate management of organic waste. The second article indicates factors that influence the production of organic residues, being verified that the analyzed schools present a production of organic residues with daily averages of 35.67 kg, monthly of 713.57 kg and annual of 7,135.75 kg, by schools. The stage that presented the highest production of residues was that of consumption accounting for 64.43% and with high values of Rest-Ingestion Index, presenting a general average among schools of 19%, in a scale where the maximum acceptable value is 10 %. The data obtained from this research can be used to improve the management of food the school feeding and its real use in quantitative and qualitative terms, as well as to provide a theoretical basis for proposals for efficient management of organic waste generated.

This piece of research aimed to reflect, from the fruition, on the memories and representations evoked by the people that inhabit the surroundings or fulfill activities related to the archaeological sites present in the municipality of Camalaú, in the Cariri of Paraíba, in order to understand through the presented information as these cultural manifestations are perceived. Thus, the concept of cultural heritage that goes beyond the material and immaterial dichotomy as well as the notion of patrimonial information, concerning the field of Information Science, were taken into account. In this way, through an ethnographic approach, it was possible to promote different conversations about the archaeological sites of Camalaú, perceiving the different levels of the patrimonialization and institutionalization process that pervade the cultural assets, as well as to identify the different representations that people construct from their cultural, memorialistic repertoires and their social relations. The fruition between cultural goods and people, perceived by the researcher, can generate new mechanisms, representations and methodologies for different professionals who work in the organizational processes, preservation and management of the patrimony, creating alternative ways of approaching the contemporary population and the past patrimonial assets.

The research work evaluates the mechanical and thermal performance of a cementitious composite for the preparation of wrapping panels, applied to the architectural design of a prefabricated housing for tropical climate, aiming at the improvement of the thermal and energetic efficiency in the internal environments as an option to the ceramic building blocks. It studies the constructive viability and sustainability of the composite, which uses materials with known thermoisolating properties (vermiculite, expanded clay and metaculin) allied to the projective strategies of the Bioclimatic Architecture, in order to minimize the absorption and transfer of heat incident on the roofs and walls to the internal environments, seeking contributions for studies of these factors in the prefabricated construction process committed to the reduction of material waste. The research methodology is based on the ABNT bibliography and standards conducted the comparative tests for the characterization of composite materials, following a sequence of mix tests where a three-point scale was selected for weighing, axial compression and density tests , with comparative results of 59% lighter weight and 50% resistance of the parameters set for a traditional concrete Pilot trait, surpassing the results of these indicators for masonry of ceramic blocks. The thermal efficiency tests of the composite were initially performed on three series of test specimens submitted to the tests of the Hot Wire and the K 30 Conductivity Meter with coherent comparative results of resistance and thermal conductivity, followed by the molding of three wall prototypes with the respective traces for tests in a thermal chamber simulating and simultaneously recording the daytime and nighttime thermal variation on the two faces of the wall tested, with thermal efficiency results compatible with those of a ceramic block wall. Compounding the final results of weight, strength and thermal performance of the prototype walls compared to a traditional wall of ceramic blocks, the compatibility of the composite for the design of the prefabricated house was evident.

The research has as its theme the analysis of the main aspects that populate the public health policies, with emphasis on the process of governance and collaboration between public agents that work in the Regional Interagency Commission (RIC), more precisely within the perimeter that circumscribes the Region of health of Paraíba. From the technical and political perspective exposed, the main norms related to the Unified Health System (UHS) are based on the Federal Constitution of 1988, whose norms encourage the relationship of cooperation between institutions and public agents. Aiming to understand the process of collaborative governance based on the perceptions of the public agents involved in the meetings of this commission. Regarding the methodology, it can be characterized as a qualitative, basic, descriptive and exploratory research, occurring through bibliographical and documentary research, having as instruments of data collection the application of a semistructured questionnaire and direct observation, whose subjects were the health secretaries and their respective technicians. The explanatory model of Collaborative Governance, elaborated by Ansell and Gash (2008), proved effective as an analytical research tool, since it guided the data collection and the verification of the perception of the public health agents that are members of this commission. The results show that collaboration should be seen as a piece intertwined with political activity and the set of techniques in Public Management, serving as a guide to the efficiency of paths mapped in favor of the quality of management practices and performance in UHS, since the process is still incipient, but has been evolving, requiring investment in the improvement and qualification of some of the public health agents of RIC surveyed.

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This research objected to understand how music teachers who work in elementary school in João Pessoa have developed their curriculum for the area. This is a multicase study with two teachers from the municipal public network of João Pessoa, who worked in elementary school in the art curricular component in their schools. Considering that there is a certain level of ambiguity and imprecision about music and the arts in the Brazilian school curriculum, in both national curriculum guidelines documents and Law of Directives and Basis 9.394 / 96, what we see is that teachers need to create their own solutions for their daily lives. Through theoretical frameworks of curricular studies and everyday life, I understand the curriculum as a cultural discourse (MACEDO, 2006; LOPES; MACEDO, 2011), which, when constructed in the everyday, is seen as a process through which each people involved resignifies the experiences from the intertwined networks of “can, know and make” (Macedo et al, 2011), and also a spacetime creation, spoof and subversion (Certeau, 1994). The specific objectives were defined: to identify sources and other references used by music teachers in the elaboration of their curriculum, as well as content selection criteria and teaching objectives; to analyze the curriculum from the daily life of music teachers, recognizing the tactics that influence their practices; and, finally, to discuss the conceptions and thoughts of music teachers about music in basic education. This research had as data collection sources the documentary analysis of normative terms and annual teaching plans, semi-structured interviews with teachers and nonparticipant observations of their classes. The research results indicates that the process of curricular creation is marked by some influences that are revealed in the everyday structure, such as the relationship with school management and the power networks existing in the school, the teacher training and the approximations (or distances) with the university universe. Despite their congruence and concordance aspects, the data also showed that these teachers found their own ways of subverting the networks of power they found through tactics (Certeau, 1994), creating their curriculum according (or in disagreement) to everyday life in which they were. In this way, I understand that curricular creation is an inventive process aimed at / born of the everyday life, which blends elements of different dimensions of the curriculum looking for fixation of meanings on the created texts themselves. In view of the mismatch of higher education and basic education policies, of the constant dispute in curricular speeches, to realize that the role of the music teacher in this creation process is essential so that we can occupy, as an area, spaces in the school curriculum with educational-musical practices, aware of the importance of our role as musical educators in the training of subjects.

The crescent growth in the wind energy demands more reliable and efficient wind turbines with an increased life span. The wind turbine controllers play a major role in regulating several parameters, but the traditional controllers limit to control the rotor speed, thus ignoring the system dynamics. The techniques for modern control design are applicable in linear systems only, which prevent their use directly in the non-linear system of a wind turbine. The system linearization provides a linearized equation that represents the system dynamics in a small range and allows the use of modern control techniques, but when operating outside the range, the controller cannot perform satisfactorily. The GainScheduling technique consider a larger range by using several linearized systems and their controllers to choose between them when operating in different regions. To choose the gains an Artificial Neural Network with Radial Basis Function is used, this allows overcoming the non-linearity of the system. The Neural Network is trained using the data from stationary states of the wind turbine and controllers gains for each linearized system. Its performance presents an attenuation in the wind turbine components’ oscillations that leads to load mitigation. These loads are evaluated under turbulent wind and wind gust according to the IEC 61400.

Non-ionizing radiation (NIR) is a type of electromagnetic radiation present in the most various types of environments, originating from diverse sources such as computers, printers, notebooks, telephones, power networks, electric power transformers, microwaves, and other consumer electronics. Despite not generating ionization, this type of radiation raises concerns regarding the exposure of employees in work environments with electronic equipment.The International Agency for Research on Cancer stated in a report from 2002 that exposure to electromagnetic radiation is possibly carcinogenic to humans. Several studies have been performed to identify the correlation between the human exposure to NIR and the development of several pathologies. Thus, work environments with electronic equipment may expose their employees to health problems. Therefore, this research presents an evaluation of the NIR levels in working environments with visual display terminals (VDT) and other electronic resources. Four rooms were selected from a public University - two department offices, a study laboratory and a computer room - all with different internal characteristics including the number of devices and employees, layout, area and location. The magnetic flux density was mapped in the work environment. Different points in the environment, spaced 1meter apart, were selected for measurement in six frequency band intervals: 1-8Hz, 8-25Hz, 25-50Hz, 50 -400Hz, 400-3kHz, 3 kHz-30 kHz. Graphical descriptive analyses of the magnetic flux density found in each environment were developed, and the oscillation in each frequency band interval was determined. Another analysis regarding the magnetic flux density, especially for the data measured near the employees, aimed to represent the density levels over time by means of a probability distribution. Simultaneously, both the profiles and reports of complaints of the employees who performing their activities in these rooms were obtained through surveys addressing questions regarding their professional life, characteristics of their work activities, physical activity, habits, and perceived symptoms throughout and after their workday. The data obtained from this questionnaire were summarized and a descriptive analysis of these data was performed to identify the employees working in the environments studied. To identify possible health damages to the employees, which would be indicated by heating of the skin, thermal images of an employee were obtained. These images were analyzed with the aid of Matlab software for quantitative verification of skin temperature increase, presented in the images. It was verified that the environments that have different internal characteristics present magnetic flux densities that vary according to the (1) positioning, the type and quantity of the NIR sources internal to the environment; o (2) layout and distribution of these sources in the environment; and (3) external factors, such as the presence of electric power frames. Reports of daytime drowsiness and difficulty getting out of bed were more frequent. From the thermal mapping that allowed to evaluate the induction of magnetic field generated in the body of the was verified low relation between the thermal variation and the magnetic flux density.

The world of the work is a field of quite complex study, due to several configurations that the work assumes along the history in accordance with the organization of the society. In this form, with sights to approach fact of the world of the work the contemporaneousness, the study open to question was developed supported in the perspective methodological critical of the dialectic historical materialism. This review theory and criticism was aimed at general analyze the Brazilian cooperative, more specifically the cooperatives of confection located in the Northeast region, and its relationship with the new settings in the world of work. For such, the way was passed of understanding the senses and the historical configurations acquired by the work in the society, situating them in a context socioeconomic and politically. Besides, it was looked to investigate the appearance of the cooperatives in the world-wide, Brazilian context and of the Northeast, as well as it will analyze of what it forms the modifications of the world of the work from the process of productive restructuring of the capital, they happened in these organizations. For end, an effort was undertaken in revealing the relation extract and appearance of the cooperatives of production of the Northeast by the light of the state of affairs socioeconomic and Brazilian politics. It was seen that in spite of they presented beginnings as a common advantage, selfmanagement and autonomy, tending when the cooperatives pointing to better conditions of work and equality between the workers, historically, it has if removed more and more from his beginnings. The reality of the cooperatives of production of the Brazilian Northeast points to aspects that reveal the extract of these organizations in confrontation with the appearance emphasized by the legislation and by the organs connected to a cooperativism in Brazil. In fact, it is possible to realize that in most of the times there are spaces demarcated by a bigger exploration of the work, being used by the enterprises like form of outsource his services and too free itself of the labor responsibilities resulted from a relation of contractual one. So, it leaves the workers at the mercy of the informality and the absence of the rights historically conquered by the hard-working class.

From the 1990s two movements were part of the Brazilian reality, the expansion of Higher Education and the centrality of Social Assistance, through the Transfer of Income. In the city of João Pessoa, the University Transfer Grant Program (PBU/JP) provides financial aid in order to minimize the effects of the lack of socioeconomic conditions of its students living in poverty, inserted in the Social Assistance Program. This work aims to analyze the Program mentioned and its perspective for student staying at Higher Education. The specific objectives are to analyze the legal and institutional aspects of the Program, to outline the socioeconomic and educational background of the beneficiaries and to identify the extent to which it contributes to student stay in Higher Education. As fas as method, it is a qualitativequantitative research that uses the technique of content analysis for data interpretation, through the dialectical historical method in order to capture the movements that surround the object. As for the procedures, it is a documentary and bibliographic research, exploratory as well as analytical-descriptive. Public records, such as the regulations of the Program, were used as sources of primary research, focusing on the 07 Annual Activity Reports of the PBU / JP, whose temporal cut was 7 years (2010-2016), since these documents cover the objectives of the research. In order to identify other programs of a similar nature, a survey and general characterization of other counties and state programs implemented in Brazil was carried out in order to have some comparative parameters. In this sense, it was observed that the PBU / JP was a pioneer, also being the only one to offer a direct income transfer, contributing so that the university can use the resource according to its demand. The results of the research confirmed the hypothesis that PBU/JP is a palliative, focalistic and selective action, however, it alleviates social inequalities, considering that to a certain extent it has the perspective of contributing to student stay at the upper level of the impoverished segments. Having attended an average of 800 students during the time of the research, but revealing a very high demand of 1,817 students who were not classified. Among the beneficiaries, a relevant data is that 593 are students of public universities demonstrating that the low-income people have had greater access to public higher education. Regarding permanence, it is inferred that it contributed, since of the 800 beneficiaries, 363 of them remained in the Program until 2016. Data that lead to infer its relevant social and economic function in society.

Objective: This blind, paired, randomized in situ clinical study investigated the effect of cinnamaldehyde on complete denture disinfection. Method: Test specimens (disks) were inserted into the prostheses of 33 users that as a probabilistic sample used solutions of cinnamaldehyde (200 μg/mL) and sodium hypochlorite (0.5%) in a paired and crossed manner for disinfection of their dentures. To determine the concentration of cinnamaldehyde to be used in the in situ study, its effect was first evaluated in vitro, on Candida spp biofilm. The disks were analyzed for the presence of microorganisms before and after the use of the products, on the 7th and 14th days, respectively; counting colony forming units (CFU) and scanning with an electron microscopy (SEM). The properties of the acrylic resin (roughness and Vickers hardness) were measured at the beginning and after immersion, with color parameters analyzed using the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) method. The data were analyzed by statistical tests, considering α = 5%. Results: The cinnamaldehyde concentration capable of significantly reducing Candida spp. biofilm was 195 μg/mL (p <0.05). A significant reduction (p <0.05) in the number of CFU/mL between the 7th and 14th day of use was observed for each type of microorganism (total microorganisms, from the mutans group and Candida spp.), with no significant differences (p> 0.05) between hypochlorite and cinnamaldehyde. There was an increase in the roughness and a decrease in the hardness of the test specimens, again with no difference between the two disinfectant substances (p> 0.05). Both hypochlorite and cinnamaldehyde also caused changes in color considered perceptible by NBS classification, but without significant difference between products (p <0.05). Conclusion: Similar to sodium hypochlorite, the solution containing cinnamaldehyde at 200 μg/mL presented efficacy against all evaluated microorganisms, caused changes in Vickers hardness, surface roughness and color parameters without clinical relevance, and can be associated with a mechanical method for the cleansing and disinfection of dentures and the prevention of prosthetic stomatitis.

This work results from the systematic observation of a population with microcephaly, with a high incidence in the Brazilian Northeast. We verified that microcephalic patients are located in a sociocultural instance informed mainly by audiovisuals, which is evident in the frequent recurrence of the expression "civilization of the image". In this context, we perceive that audiovisual media culture produces a representation of microcephaly carriers through cliché and preconception, which results in stigmatization, formation of negative affects, self-esteem demotion and identity crisis on the part of these individuals. In this way, qualitative research try to contribute to the affirmative exercise of a "communicative action", which contributes to the elevation of self-esteem, subjectivity and social inclusion of the individuals. So we start from the hypothesis that, depending on the "ways of using" the selfie, this can have a favorable repercussion. And in this direction, we find a "prototype of an smart mirror" to facilitate the self-portraits of people with special needs, or by their caregivers. In short, our object is the selfie of disabled people modeled by the equipment of the "smart mirror."

The rapid increase in the industrial production of electrical and electronic equipment, such as printers, and consequently of cartridges and toners, can cause environmental consequences and human health if they are used without adequate management, especially in the final disposal process of the waste. The insertion of principles and practices of environmental sustainability can be a strategic means of planning institutional management, providing a new culture that encourages managers to add socio-environmental criteria. The present research had as general objective to investigate the environmental management practices regarding the destination of cartridges and toners of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB) and was characterized by being qualitative, field, cross-sectional and sample for convenience . Public servants from 10 sectors of the rectory and one sector of the vice rector participated in the survey. The instruments used were semi-structured questionnaires and interviews, besides the observation in loco, with photographic record. The quantitative data were tabulated in the Microsoft Excel 2010 software and analyzed by means of descriptive statistics from the construction of tables, tables and graphs. The qualitatively collected data were analyzed based on descriptions of interview information and photographic records. Through the collected data, it is noteworthy that in the UFPB, as well as in the other federal autarchies, the implantation of policies related to solid waste is recent. Thus, the present research presents a first diagnosis about the environmental policy of the UFPB, noting that the institution is aligned with the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) of 2010, highlighting the creation of the Environmental Management Commission (CGA) in 2013 , which performs some environmental actions, but has some challenges in the execution of these, since it is under construction in line with the national scenario. In this sense, the hypothesis of the present research is confirmed, since it was verified that the practice identified in the sectors interviewed is not effective against the demands of the environmental management regarding the destination of cartridges and toners of the UFPB. The fragility of operationalization and the recognition of the environmental actions undertaken, in light of a lack of concern or lack of interest in environmental concern, shared responsibility and environmental sustainability principles regarding the problem of adequate discards of solid waste (cartridges and toners) and its management, ignorance and exposure to the degree of danger that holds these materials makes important studies like this. Assuming that adequate operational and behavioral procedures for human activities in relation to the disposal of solid waste can reduce the environmental damages caused by them, it is appropriate to make some suggestions to improve the management of the socio-environmental practices of the institution, increased preparation of an educational manual on proper disposal of cartridges and toners and the restructuring of new policies for the management of cartridges and toners after consumption, regardless of their brands, etc. It is hoped that this work will enable the UFPB to expand and effectively practice environmental management in compliance with the principles of sustainability.

This thesis presents of the philosopher Jürgen Habermas (1929) to the Kant’s concept of interest (1724 – 1804), having as base the work Knowledge and Human Interests (1968), as well as quotes from Kant’s work, that means the three Critiques. The concept of interest of reason in kant arises from the question: “How are possible the A priori synthetic judges? The answer tothis question leads us to the classic question of the Critique of Pure Reason about the knowledge. Having the first clue to an answer the latter already see clear all the study of Kant’s philosophy about the validity of an a priori for practical purposes to the problem of knowledge. Given the undeniable involvement of reason with the practical life, it becomes evident that all efforts of criticism by Kant is intended for practical purposes. In his Knowledge and Human Interests Habermas develops the foundations of this theory of cognitive interests, where he presupposes the inseparable unity of knowledge and interest for both the natural sciences and to the historical-hermeneutic sciences. Looking so close, we can realize that is rising here the big project of Knowledge and Human Interests (1968). At this time, followed by ctiticism of positivism, Habermas proposes the objective study of the issues raised around the interests. And this is what he calls “critical theory task”. This thesis has as general aim of research the analysis of the concept of interest, employed by Jürgen Habermas within the limits of the work Knowledge and Human Interests (1968), in order to: “Clarify mutual connections between knowledge and interest, in the sense expressed by Habermas himself: “The concept of interest as a guide of knowledge implies both formative moments: knowledge and interest” (Habermas in Col. Os Pensadores, 1985, p. 307/308). Approaching the initial founding relations of the concept of interest in Kant, notably in Three Critiques, privileging particular moments (quotes) of this works. Presenting connections between the concept of interest and the critical theory in the sense that, to Habermas, the entire movement of the critical theory takes into account the guiding interest of knowledge, therefore, it is selfclarifying.